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Hisamuddin NH, Jalaludin J. Children's exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs): a review on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and associated health effects. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:151-168. [PMID: 35019243 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reviewed the published studies on the environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among children and assessed the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs. The current knowledge of the potential health effects of increased 1-OHP in children was reviewed. Additionally, the influence of genetic polymorphism on the urinary 1-OHP level was discussed in this review. The assembled data showed that children who are attending schools or living close to industrial and polluted urban areas might have greater exposure to higher concentrations of PAHs with a higher level of urinary 1-OHP when compared to those children living in rural areas. Urinary 1-OHP may be a reliable biomarker for determining the genotoxic effects, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by exposure to PAHs. Strong research evidence indicated that the total body burden of PAHs should be evaluated by biomonitoring of 1-OHP in line with other urinary PAHs metabolites (with 2-3 rings) to evaluate recent total exposure to PAHs. Overall, the study suggests implementing a mitigation plan to combat air pollution to provide a cleaner environment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Fan Z, Jiang H, Song X, Guo Y, Tian X. Glutathione S-transferase Omega 2 DD genotype is associated with an increased risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese men. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211033219. [PMID: 34311603 PMCID: PMC8320566 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211033219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether GSTA1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 are relevant to an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a Chinese population. Methods In this study, 143 sporadic ALS (sALS) patients (83 men, 60 women) and 210 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Genomic DNA was isolated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The potential associations between ALS and GSTA1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 polymorphisms were estimated using chi-squared analysis and unconditional logistic regression. Results The D allele and genotype frequencies of GSTO2 were increased in sALS patients compared with healthy subjects, indicating that the GSTO2 DD genotype was associated with an increased risk of sALS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.294, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.039–10.448). However, a significant association between the DD genotype and the risk of sALS was evident in men only (OR = 7.167, 95% CI = 1.381–37.202). Conclusion This study revealed that the D allele and genotype frequencies of GSTO2 were increased in sALS patients. The GSTO2 DD genotype was associated with an increased risk of sALS in men in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Fan
- Department of Neurology, 71213Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,The Third Department of Neurology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, 71213Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, 71213Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yansu Guo
- Department of Neurology, 71213Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Tian
- Department of Neurology, 71213Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione-Related Enzymes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and Schizophrenia Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19602-11. [PMID: 26295386 PMCID: PMC4581314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between polymorphisms of glutathione-related enzyme (GST) genes and the risk of schizophrenia has been investigated in many published studies. However, their results were inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the association between the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia. Twelve case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to investigate the strength of the association. Our meta-analysis results revealed that GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms were not related to risk of schizophrenia (p > 0.05 in each model). Further analyses based on ethnicity, GSTM polymorphism showed weak association with schizophrenia in East Asian population (OR = 1.314, 95% CI = 1.025–1.684, p = 0.031). In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated the GSTM1 polymorphism may be the only genetic risk factor for schizophrenia in East Asian population. However, more meta-analysis with a larger sample size were needed to provide more precise evidence.
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