Zoheir AE, Sobol MS, Meisch L, Ordoñez-Rueda D, Kaster AK, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. A three-colour stress biosensor reveals multimodal response in single cells and spatiotemporal dynamics of biofilms.
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023;
9:57. [PMID:
37604827 PMCID:
PMC10442448 DOI:
10.1038/s41522-023-00424-1]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The plethora of stress factors that can damage microbial cells has evolved sophisticated stress response mechanisms. While existing bioreporters can monitor individual responses, sensors for detecting multimodal stress responses in living microorganisms are still lacking. Orthogonally detectable red, green, and blue fluorescent proteins combined in a single plasmid, dubbed RGB-S reporter, enable simultaneous, independent, and real-time analysis of the transcriptional response of Escherichia coli using three promoters which report physiological stress (PosmY for RpoS), genotoxicity (PsulA for SOS), and cytotoxicity (PgrpE for RpoH). The bioreporter is compatible with standard analysis and Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) combined with subsequent transcriptome analysis. Various stressors, including the biotechnologically relevant 2-propanol, activate one, two, or all three stress responses, which can significantly impact non-stress-related metabolic pathways. Implemented in microfluidic cultivation with confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging, the RGB-S reporter enabled spatiotemporal analysis of live biofilms revealing stratified subpopulations of bacteria with heterogeneous stress responses.
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