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Kim WI, Lim JO, Pak SW, Lee SJ, Shin IS, Moon C, Heo JD, Kim JC. Exposure to China dust exacerbates testicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:115-125. [PMID: 36726831 PMCID: PMC9839921 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of China dust (CD) exposure on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular toxicity in mice, focusing on spermatogenesis and oxidative damage. CP treatment reduced testicular and epididymal weight and sperm motility and enhanced sperm abnormality. Histopathological examination presented various morphological alterations in the testis, including increased exfoliation of spermatogenic cells, degeneration of early spermatogenic cells, vacuolation of Sertoli cells, a decreased number of spermatogonia/spermatocytes/spermatids, along with a high number of apoptotic cells. In addition, the testis exhibited reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Meanwhile, CD exposure exacerbated testicular histopathological alterations induced by CP. CD exposure also aggravated oxidative damage by increasing the lipid peroxidative product MDA and decreasing GSH levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the testis. These results suggest that CD exposure exacerbates CP-induced testicular toxicity in mice, which might be attributed to the induction of lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Bioenvironmental Science & Technology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 52834 Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Diesel particulate matter aggravates cyclophosphamide-induced testicular toxicity in mice via elevating oxidative damage. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yu T, Ye X, Deng F, Song Z, Zhu M, Chen Y, Liu T, Liu S, Li S. Protective effect of polysaccharides from Ostrea rivularis against reproductive injury via regulating autophagy induced by oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:655-667. [PMID: 35421415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of polysaccharides from Ostrea rivularis (ORP) relieving reproductive damage by regulating autophagy. The results showed that ORP intervention could alleviate the pathological changes of the testis and alleviate oxidative stress which were caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in vivo, including improve sperm symptoms and rise testosterone level. Reduced level of autophagy after ORP intervention was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which implied that ORP might regulate cell autophagy. In vitro experiments showed that ORP could alleviate the damage of TM4 cells induced by H2O2, reduce the level of intracellular ROS and the content of MDA. Autophagy-related protein expressions of p62, LC3, Beclin-1 before and after 3-MA inhibitor intervention were also proved that ORP could regulate autophagy. Overall, these results confirmed that ORP could reduce reproductive damage related to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xianying Ye
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fang Deng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhuoyue Song
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shihui Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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Effects of chemotherapeutic agents on male germ cells and possible ameliorating impact of antioxidants. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112040. [PMID: 34416630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer in young adults is associated with several side effects, particularly in the reproductive system. Detrimental effects of chemotherapy on the germ cells depend on many factors including primary semen parameters, the way of drug administration, the kind and dose of chemotherapeutic regimens, and the phase of spermatogenesis during the time of drug administration. Lack of appropriate fertility preservation treatments particularly in the affected children necessitates the introduction of methods to amend the harmful effects of chemotherapeutic agents on male germ cells. Several studies have assessed the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in rodent models and tested a number of antioxidants to evaluate their possible impact on the preservation of sperm cells. In the present manuscript, we describe the effects of the mostly investigated chemotherapeutic drugs in this regard i.e., cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide. As several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown the impact of antioxidants on chemotherapy-induced damage of sperms, we also describe the protective effects of antioxidants in this regard.
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Hasan HF, Abdel-Hamid GR, Ebrahim SI. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diallyl Disulfide on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20969083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a garlic-derived organo-sulfur compound. This study was carried out to investigate the protective potential, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of this compound against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A single intraperitoneal dose of CP (200 mg/kg) resulted in a significant disturbance in hepatic function and oxidative stress, as well as inflammatory biomarkers. In addition, histopathological examination showed distinct changes and increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hepatocytes. On the other hand, daily oral preadministration of DADS (200 mg/kg) for 10 days before the CP dose effectively attenuated the hepatotoxicity caused by CP administration as confirmed by significant amelioration of the aforementioned parameters in rat’s liver. It could be concluded that administration of DADS can diminish CP-induced hepatotoxicity through concurrent upregulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses that denote its possible potential clinical application against side effects of the CP drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan Roushdy Abdel-Hamid
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ismail Ebrahim
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Elbaz EM, Amin HAA, Kamel AS, Ibrahim SM, Helmy HS. Immunomodulatory effect of diallyl sulfide on experimentally-induced benign prostate hyperplasia via the suppression of CD4+T/IL-17 and TGF-β1/ERK pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1407-1420. [PMID: 32785828 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate common in older men. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a major component of garlic, has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. However, the underlying protective immunomodulatory mechanism of DAS on BPH remains vague. Herein, experimental BPH was induced in rats by daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (TP) (3 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. In parallel, finasteride (Fin) (5 mg/kg, p.o) or DAS (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered orally during BPH induction. TP-induced histological alterations and the immune-inflammatory cascade. On the other hand, DAS or Fin administration alleviated all abnormalities induced testosterone. Fin and DAS administration markedly reduced prostate weight by 53% with Fin, and by 60% with DAS. Moreover, serum testosterone and DHT were reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, with Fin and by 68% and 75%, respectively, with DAS, in concordance with decreased protein expression of androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Furthermore, both regime lessen immune-inflammatory milieu, as evidenced by decrease CD4+ T-cells protein expression and associated inflammatory cytokines. Concomitantly, Fin and DAS exhibited marked mitigation in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling. Besides alleviating oxidative stress by 53% and 68% in prostatic MDA and by 27% and 7% in prostatic iNOS with Fin and DAS, respectively. In conclusion, this work highlighted a potential therapeutic approach of DAS as a dietary preventive agent against BPH via its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect along with suppression of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Elbaz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hebat Allah A Amin
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hebatullah S Helmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Luo Q, Li Y, Huang C, Cheng D, Ma W, Xia Y, Liu W, Chen Z. Soy Isoflavones Improve the Spermatogenic Defects in Diet-Induced Obesity Rats through Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:E2966. [PMID: 31443330 PMCID: PMC6719105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones (SIF) are biologically active compounds of non-steroidal and phenolic properties that are richly present in soybeans, which can reduce the body weight and blood lipids of obese animals. Recently, SIF have been reported to affect reproductive ability in obese male rats. However, the specific mechanism has not been well defined. The aim of the current study was to study the possible mechanisms for the effect of SIF administration on obesity induced spermatogenic defects. Obese rats model induced by high-fat diets were established and gavage treated with 0, 50,150 or 450 mg of SIF/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks. Here, our research shows that obesity resulted in spermatogenic degeneration, imbalance of reproductive hormone, testicular oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis, whereas evidently recovery effects were observed at 150 and 450 mg/kg SIF. We also have discovered that 150 and 450 mg/kg SIF can activate Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in control of Bcl-2, BAX and cleaved caspase-3 expression with implications in antioxidant protection. Our study indicates the potential mechanism of SIF regulating spermatogenic function in obese rats, and provides a scientific experimental basis for the regulation of biological function of obese male reproductive system by SIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dongjing Cheng
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Protective effect of diallyl sulfide against lead-mediated oxidative damage, apoptosis and down-regulation of CYP19 gene expression in rat testes. Life Sci 2019; 226:193-201. [PMID: 30986445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a natural component of garlic (Allium sativum), in the improvement of lead (Pb)-induced testicular toxicity and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male albino rats were randomly divided into control, PbAc (20 mg lead acetate/kg bwt, orally), DAS (200 mg/kg bwt, orally), and PbAc + DAS groups for 49 successive days. The investigation based on the following criteria: Paired testes and epididymides weights, epididymal sperm analysis, level of serum sex hormones (Testosterone and17β-estradiol (E2)), aromatase (CYP19) expression, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, reduced glutathione (GSH), testicular histopathology, spermatogenesis score and apoptosis detection (Caspase-3 immunoexpression). KEY FINDINGS Pb caused significant decline in epididymal sperm count and motility, testes and epididymes weights, spermatogenesis score and serum testosterone and1E2, as well as a significant decrease in SOD and GSH level, and a significant elevation of MDA and NO compared to a control group. In addition, Pb induced significant downregulation of CYP19 gene expression, increase of Caspase-3 immunoreactivity, various testicular degenerative and necrotic changes. Whereas, co-treatment of rats with DAS improved sperm analysis, and testicular histology and antioxidative status. Furthermore, DAS co-administration regulated testicular CYP19 and Caspase-3 expressions. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, DAS seemed to be a promising agent for protection against Pb-induced testicular toxicity through antioxidative properties, beside regulation of testicular apoptosis and aromatase expression.
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Somade OT, Adedokun AH, Adeleke IK, Taiwo MA, Oyeniran MO. Diallyl disulfide, a garlic-rich compound ameliorates trichloromethane-induced renal oxidative stress, NFkB activation and apoptosis in rats. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Diallyl disulfide, an organo-sulfur compound in garlic and onion attenuates trichloromethane-induced hepatic oxidative stress, activation of NFkB and apoptosis in rats. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87194-87208. [PMID: 29152074 PMCID: PMC5675626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in the male population, especially in elderly men. Vanillic acid (VA), a dihydroxybenzoic derivative used as a flavoring agent, is reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, there are no reports of its effects on BPH to date. BPH was induced with a pre-4-week treatment of daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP), and the normal control group received injections of ethanol with corn oil instead. Six weeks of further injections were done with (a) ethanol with corn oil, (b) TP only, (c) TP + finasteride, and (d) TP + VA. Finasteride was used as a positive control group. VA had protective effects on the TP-induced BPH. In the VA treatment group, the prostate weight was reduced, and the histological changes including the epithelial thickness and lumen area were restored like in the normal control group. Furthermore, in the VA treatment group, two proliferation related factors, high molecular weight cytokeratin 34βE12 and α smooth muscle actin, were significantly down-regulated compared to the TP-induced BPH group. The expressions of dihydrotestosterone and 5α-reductase, the most crucial factors in BPH development, were suppressed by VA treatment. Expressions of the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α and steroid receptor coactivator 1 were also significantly inhibited by VA compared to the TP-induced BPH group. In addition, we established an in vitro model for BPH by treating a normal human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1 with TP. VA successfully inhibited proliferation and BPH-related factors in a concentration-dependent manner in this newly established model. These results suggest a new and potential pharmaceutical therapy of VA in the treatment of BPH.
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Kim YD, Kim WJ, Shin YK, Lee DH, Kim YJ, Kim JK, Rhee JS. Microcystin-LR bioconcentration induces antioxidant responses in the digestive gland of two marine bivalves Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:119-129. [PMID: 28500903 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a major group of potent cyanobacterial toxins found in freshwater and even brackish waterbodies. To understand the putative correlation between bioconcentration of MCs and antioxidant responses of the digestive gland of bivalves, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and blue mussel Mytilus edulis were exposed to different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 20μgL-1) of MC-Leucine-Arginine (LR) for seven days. MC-LR bioconcentrated in the digestive glands of both bivalves during exposure period. The levels were slightly reduced when the bivalves were exposed to seawater during depuration (7days), while approximately 0.1μgL-1 of MC-LR was observed in the 10 and 20μgL-1 exposed bivalves at the end of depuration. Intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly elevated in the 10 and 20μgL-1 exposed bivalves at 7day, and the levels were maintained during depuration in both bivalves. Overall, significant higher levels of enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense systems such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed in the 10 and 20μgL-1 exposed bivalves. Interestingly, most of higher levels of Pacific oyster were detected at exposure period, while blue mussel showed higher levels at depuration phase, suggesting a species-specific sensitivity upon MC-LR. These patterns were correlated with the bioconcentration patterns of MC-LR as Pacific oyster was highly accumulated by MC-LR during exposure period, but blue mussel showed prolonged high levels of MC-LR for depuration phase. Our results will be useful to understand species-specific bioconcentration of MC-LR in bivalves and their effects on intracellular oxidative status via accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Dae Kim
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 46083, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Kim
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 46083, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Shin
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 46083, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, 169, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon 21999, South Korea.
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