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Ghojazadeh M, Somi MH, Naseri A, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Hassannezhad S, Hajikamanaj Olia A, Kafshdouz L, Nikniaz Z. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of TP53, HER2/ERBB2, KRAS, APC, and PIK3CA Genes Expression Pattern in Gastric Cancer. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:335-345. [PMID: 36619267 PMCID: PMC9489438 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With a global prevalence of about 10%, gastric cancer is among the most prevalent cancers. Currently, there has been an ongoing trend toward investigating genetic disruptions in different cancers because they can be used as a target-specific therapy. We aimed to systemically review some gene expression patterns in gastric cancer. Methods: The current systematic review was designed and executed in 2020. Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, web of knowledge, and Science Direct were searched for relevant studies. A manual search of articles (hand searching), reference exploring, checking for grey literature, and seeking expert opinion were also done. Results: In this review, 65 studies were included, and the expression pattern of HER2/ ERBB2, ER1/Erb1/EGFR, PIK3CA, APC, KRAS, ARID1A, TP53, FGFR2 and MET was investigated. TP53, APC, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutation cumulative frequency were 24.8 (I2=95.05, Q value=525.53, df=26, P<0.001), 7.2 (I2=89.79, Q value=48.99, df=5, P<0.001), 7.8 (I2=93.60, Q value=140.71, df=9, P=0.001) and 8.6 (I2=80.78, Q value=525.53, df=9, P<0.001) percent, respectively. Overexpression was investigated for HER1/ Erb1/EGFR, PIK3CA, APC, KRAS, ARID1A, TP53, CCND1, FGFR2, MET and MYC. The frequency of TP53 and HER2/ERBB2 were 43.1 (I2=84.06, Q value=58.09, df=9, P<0.001) and 20.8 (I2=93.61, Q value=234.89, df=15, P<0.001) percent, respectively. Conclusion: More research is encouraged to investigate the genes for which we could not perform a meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Naseri
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
- Research Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Hassannezhad
- Research Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Hajikamanaj Olia
- Research Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Kafshdouz
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Zeinab Nikniaz, PhD Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Tel:+98 4133367473 Fax:+984133367473
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Wang J, Shao X, Liu Y, Shi R, Yang B, Xiao J, Liu Y, Qu X, Li Z. Mutations of key driver genes in gastric cancer metastasis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:963-972. [PMID: 34196586 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1946394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Associations between gene mutations and metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) remain contradictory, resulting in the inaccurate estimation of the magnitude of the risk associated with specific genotypes.Methods: In this study, we first screened out four key driver genes (TP53, PIK3CA, APC and ARID1A) by jointly analyzing the mutation levels and searching the literature for genes associated with GC metastasis. We then performed a meta-analysis to demonstrate the relationship between these key driver gene mutations and GC metastasis, including lymphatic and distance metastasis.Results: We found out four key driver genes (TP53, PIK3CA, APC and ARID1A), associated with risk of GC metastasis. The results showed that TP53 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12-1.72) and APC mutations (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.89) were associated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in GC. And TP53 mutations (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25-2.18) were significantly related to GC metastasis in the Asian population. APC mutations (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.00) were also related to GC metastasis in the European and American populations. There was no significant association with GC metastasis in PIK3CA or ARID1A mutations.Expert opinion:Mutations of TP53 and APC play important roles in lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of GC and may be potential important biomarkers of progression and therapeutic targets. These observations should be further prospectively verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinye Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruichuan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Baek DW, Kang BW, Hwang S, Kim JG, Seo AN, Bae HI, Kwon OK, Lee SS, Chung HY, Yu W. Clinical Significance of p53 Protein Expression, Beta-catenin Expression and HER2 Expression for Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Cancer. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:140-146. [PMID: 28584793 PMCID: PMC5457949 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the expression of the p53 protein, beta-catenin, and HER2 and their prognostic implications in patients with EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). After reviewing 1318 consecutive cases of surgically resected or endoscopic submucosal dissected gastric cancers, 117 patients were identified as EBV-positive using EBV-encoded RNA in-situ hybridization. The immunohistochemistry results were interpreted as follows: strong p53 nuclear expression in at least 50% of tumor nuclei was interpreted as a positive result, strong beta-catenin expression in at least 10% of cytoplasmic nuclei was interpreted as a positive result, and moderate or strong complete or basolateral membrane staining in 10% of tumor cells was interpreted as a positive result for HER2. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was performed on tumor tissue from 105 patients, among whom 25 (23.8%) tested positive. Meanwhile, beta-catenin expression was positive in 10 patients (17.5%) and HER2 expression was positive in 8 patients (6.8%). The positive expression of p53 was significantly associated with a high T stage (p=0.006). More patients with lymph node metastasis were p53-positive (p=0.013). In the univariate analysis, the p53-positive patients showed significantly decreased disease-free survival (DFS) when compared with the p53-negative patients (p=0.022), although the p53 status was only marginally associated with overall survival (OS) (p=0.080). However, p53 expression showed no prognostic significance on DFS in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, beta-catenin and HER2 showed no association with DFS and OS in the survival analysis. The current study found a significant correlation between p53 expression and tumor progression and lymph node metastases in patients with EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Baek
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyoon Hwang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Han Ik Bae
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Oh Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Soo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ho Young Chung
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wansik Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Nishizawa T, Suzuki H. Gastric Carcinogenesis and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms: Helicobacter pylori and Novel Targeted Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:794378. [PMID: 25945346 PMCID: PMC4405013 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen-derived free radicals that are released from activated neutrophils are one of the cytotoxic factors of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury. Increased cytidine deaminase activity in H. pylori-infected gastric tissues promotes the accumulation of various mutations and might promote gastric carcinogenesis. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion system, and it causes inflammation and activation of oncogenic pathways. H. pylori infection induces epigenetic transformations, such as aberrant promoter methylation in tumor-suppressor genes. Aberrant expression of microRNAs is also reportedly linked to gastric tumorogenesis. Moreover, recent advances in molecular targeting therapies provided a new interesting weapon to treat advanced gastric cancer through anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) therapies. This updated review article highlights possible mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis including H. pylori-associated factors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Bacterial Secretion Systems/genetics
- Bacterial Secretion Systems/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Helicobacter Infections/genetics
- Helicobacter Infections/metabolism
- Helicobacter Infections/pathology
- Helicobacter Infections/therapy
- Helicobacter pylori/genetics
- Helicobacter pylori/metabolism
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nishizawa
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- 2Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- *Hidekazu Suzuki:
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5
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Xu J, Dong H, Shen W, He S, Li H, Lu Y, Wu ZS, Jia L. New molecular beacon for p53 gene point mutation and significant potential in serving as the polymerization primer. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:504-11. [PMID: 25500526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular beacon (MB) is usually explored as a convenient probe for various bioassays. In an enzymatic polymerization-based biosensing system, primer, and MB, sometimes involving other oligonucleotides, are often required to collaboratively generate an amplified fluorescent signal to detect target molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. In the current study, a multifunctional primer-integrated MB (MP-MB) was developed to detect the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Compared with the traditional MB, our MP-MB can not only selectively identify the target of interest and signal sensitively its hybridization event, but also act as the primer during enzymatic polymerization. Specifically, hybridization of MP-MB to target p53 gene restored the fluorescence intensity and activated the pre-locked primer designed by changing the molecular configuration of MP-MB. Moreover, the p53 gene could be detected down to 1nM with a linear response range of 1×10(-9)-3×10(-7)M, and p53 gene point mutation was readily distinguished from the wild-type one. Its potential application as a primer of replication in enzymatic polymerization-based assay systems was validated by running parallel gel electrophoreses in comparison with the native counterpart of MP-MB without any chemical modification. Owning to its excellent assay characteristics, less species requirement, broad sequence diversity and preserved intrinsic bioactivity, the proof-of-concept of MP-MB exhibits a great potential in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiyu Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sudan He
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Shi J, Qu YP, Hou P. Pathogenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13804-13819. [PMID: 25320518 PMCID: PMC4194564 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major public health issue as the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Recent advances have improved our understanding of its molecular pathogenesis, as best exemplified by elucidating the fundamental role of several major signaling pathways and related molecular derangements. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these signaling pathways, such as gene mutations, copy number variants, aberrant gene methylation and histone modification, nucleosome positioning, and microRNAs. Some of these genetic/epigenetic alterations represent effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC. This information has now opened unprecedented opportunities for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer. The pathogenetic mechanisms of GC are the focus of this review.
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Low Incidence of Oncogenic EGFR, HRAS, and KRAS Mutations in Seborrheic Keratosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2014; 36:635-42. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31828c0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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EGFR, HER-2 and KRAS in canine gastric epithelial tumors: a potential human model? PLoS One 2014; 9:e85388. [PMID: 24454858 PMCID: PMC3893207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER-1) and its analog c-erbB-2 (HER-2) are protein tyrosine kinases correlated with prognosis and response to therapy in a variety of human cancers. KRAS mediates the transduction of signals between EGFR and the nucleus, and its mutation has been identified as a predictor of resistance to anti-EGFR drugs. In human oncology, the importance of the EGFR/HER-2/KRAS signalling pathway in gastric cancer is well established, and HER-2 testing is required before initiating therapy. Conversely, this pathway has never been investigated in canine gastric tumours. A total of 19 canine gastric epithelial neoplasms (5 adenomas and 14 carcinomas) were retrospectively evaluated for EGFR/HER-2 immunohistochemical expression and KRAS mutational status. Five (35.7%) carcinomas were classified as intestinal-type and 9 (64.3%) as diffuse-type. EGFR was overexpressed (≥1+) in 8 (42.1%) cases and HER-2 (3+) in 11 (57.9%) cases, regardless of tumour location or biological behaviour. The percentage of EGFR-positive tumours was significantly higher in the intestinal-type (80%) than in the diffuse-type (11.1%, p = 0.023). KRAS gene was wild type in 18 cases, whereas one mucinous carcinoma harboured a point mutation at codon 12 (G12R). EGFR and HER-2 may be promising prognostic and therapeutic targets in canine gastric epithelial neoplasms. The potential presence of KRAS mutation should be taken into account as a possible mechanism of drug resistance. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of dog as a model for human gastric cancer.
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Alterations of the TP53 gene in gastric and esophageal carcinogenesis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:891961. [PMID: 22919278 PMCID: PMC3420349 DOI: 10.1155/2012/891961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 genes is one of more important tumor suppressor gene, which acts as a potent transcription factor with fundamental role in the maintenance of genetic stability. The development of esophageal and gastric cancers is a multistep process resulting in successive accumulation of genetic alterations that culminates in the malignant transformation. Thus, this study highlights the participation of the main genetic alterations of the TP53 gene in esophageal and gastric carcinogenesis. Among these changes, high frequency of TP53 mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), overexpression of the p53 protein, and consequently loss of p53 function, which would be early events in esophageal and gastric cancers, as well as an important biomarker of the prognosis and treatment response. Furthermore, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of TP53 have been implicated in the development and prognosis of several cancers, mainly TP53 codon 72 polymorphism whose role has been extensively studied in relation to susceptibility for esophageal and gastric cancer development.
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10
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Nagini S. Carcinoma of the stomach: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular genetics and chemoprevention. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 4:156-69. [PMID: 22844547 PMCID: PMC3406280 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v4.i7.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the stomach is still the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, although the incidence and mortality have fallen dramatically over the last 50 years in many regions. The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer is only 20 per cent. Stomach cancer can be classified into intestinal and diffuse types based on epidemiological and clinicopathological features. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes both dietary and nondietary factors. The major diet-related risk factors implicated in stomach cancer development include high content of nitrates and high salt intake. Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The development of gastric cancer is a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, and signaling molecules. A plausible program for gastric cancer prevention involves intake of a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables, improved sanitation and hygiene, screening and treatment of H. pylori infection, and follow-up of precancerous lesions. The fact that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer offers scope for nutritional chemoprevention. Animal models have been extensively used to analyze the stepwise evolution of gastric carcinogenesis and to test dietary chemopreventive agents. Development of multitargeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer is a major challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- Siddavaram Nagini, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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