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Genet SAAM, Wolfs JRE, Vu CBAK, Wolter M, Broeren MAC, van Dongen J, Brunsveld L, Scharnhorst V, van de Kerkhof D. Analysis of Neuron-Specific enolase isozymes in human serum using immunoaffinity purification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123701. [PMID: 37086508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a promising small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) biomarker composed of αγ and γγ isozyme dimers. As the conventional immunoassays are prone to interferences and cannot differentiate between the isozymes, we developed a multiplex immunoaffinity (IA) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the quantification of NSEα and NSEγ in human serum. A calibrator was prepared by performing cold denaturation of recombinantly expressed αα and γγ enolase dimers to induce a new dimer equilibrium that was determined to be approximately 1αγ:1γγ:1αα. Selective sample purification was achieved by performing IA extraction using an antibody specific towards NSEγ. The isolated αγ and γγ dimers were denatured and trypsin digested to allow quantification of the selected signature peptides and their corresponding isotopically labelled peptide internal standard. The obtained linear dynamic ranges were determined to be 1.5-56 ng/mL and 0.64-167 ng/mL for NSEα and NSEγ (R2 = 0.88 and 0.97 respectively). Validation of the assay showed acceptable accuracy and precision for NSEα and NSEγ. The method was successfully applied to patient serum in which both isozymes were detected. Compared to the conventional immunoassay, substantially lower total NSE concentrations were measured in IA LC-MS/MS. With this multiplex IA LC-MS/MS assay, the clinical value of quantifying the individual isozymes can be explored. In addition, together with the calibrator described here, it may be applied to standardize NSE immunoassays across different platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A A M Genet
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jur R E Wolfs
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Chris B A K Vu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Madita Wolter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A C Broeren
- Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven/Veldhoven, the Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost van Dongen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Volkher Scharnhorst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van de Kerkhof
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Expert Center Clinical Chemistry Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Li M, Jiang F, Xue L, Peng C, Shi Z, Zhang Z, Li J, Pan Y, Wang X, Feng C, Qiao D, Chen Z, Luo Q, Chen X. Recent Progress in Biosensors for Detection of Tumor Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:7327. [PMID: 36364157 PMCID: PMC9658374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing mortality rate over the past years. The early detection of cancer contributes to early diagnosis and subsequent treatment. How to detect early cancer has become one of the hot research directions of cancer. Tumor biomarkers, biochemical parameters for reflecting cancer occurrence and progression have caused much attention in cancer early detection. Due to high sensitivity, convenience and low cost, biosensors have been largely developed to detect tumor biomarkers. This review describes the application of various biosensors in detecting tumor markers. Firstly, several typical tumor makers, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), carbohydrate, antigen19-9 (CA19-9) and tumor suppressor p53 (TP53), which may be helpful for early cancer detection in the clinic, are briefly described. Then, various biosensors, mainly focusing on electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, photoelectrochemical biosensors, piezoelectric biosensors and aptamer sensors, are discussed. Specifically, the operation principles of biosensors, nanomaterials used in biosensors and the application of biosensors in tumor marker detection have been comprehensively reviewed and provided. Lastly, the challenges and prospects for developing effective biosensors for early cancer diagnosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantong Li
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liangyi Xue
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinya Wang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunqiong Feng
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qizhi Luo
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuncai Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Snoer AH, Vollesen ALH, Beske RP, Guo S, Hoffmann J, Jørgensen NR, Martinussen T, Ashina M, Jensen RH. S100B and NSE in Cluster Headache - Evidence for Glial Cell Activation? Headache 2020; 60:1569-1580. [PMID: 32548854 DOI: 10.1111/head.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal-specific enolase (NSE) and protein S100B have gained considerable interest as the markers of CNS injury, glial cell activation, and/or blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. No studies have investigated NSE and S100B in cluster headache (CH), but these biomarkers could contribute to the understanding of CH. METHODS Patients with episodic CH in bout (eCHa), in remission (eCHr), and chronic CH (cCH) were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way cross-over provocation study carried out at the Danish Headache Center. The primary endpoints included (1) differences of NSE and S100B in between groups (eCHa, eCHr, and cCH) at baseline; (2) differences over time in plasma concentrations of NSE and S100B between patient developing an attack and those who did not; (3) differences in plasma concentrations over time of NSE and S100B between active day and placebo day. Baseline findings were compared to the historical data on migraine patients and healthy controls and presented with means ± SD. RESULTS Nine eCHa, 9 eCHr, and 13 cCH patients completed the study and blood samples from 11 CGRP-induced CH attacks were obtained. There were no differences in NSE levels between CH groups at baseline, but CH patients in active disease phase had higher levels compared with 32 migraine patients (9.1 ± 2.2 µg/L vs 6.0 ± 2.2 µg/L, P < .0001) and 6 healthy controls (9.1 ± 2.2 µg/L vs 7.3 ± 2.0 µg/L, P = .007). CGRP-infusion caused no NSE changes and, but a slight, non-significant, increase in NSE was seen in patients who reported a CGRP-induced CH attack (2.39 µg/L, 95% Cl [-0.26, 3.85], P = .061). At baseline S100B levels in eCHa patients were higher compared to cCH patients (0.06 ± 0.02 µg/L vs 0.04 ± 0.02 µg/L, P = .018). Infusion of CGRP and CGRP-induced attacks did not change S100B levels. Apart from induced CH-attacks no other adverse events were noted. CONCLUSIONS At baseline eCHa patients had higher S100B plasma levels than cCH patients and there was a slight, however not significant, NSE increase in response to CGRP-induced CH attack. Our findings suggest a possible role of an ictal activation of glial cells in CH pathophysiology, but further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta H Snoer
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Luise H Vollesen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Paulin Beske
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Song Guo
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rigmor H Jensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Multiplex measurement of twelve tumor markers using a GMR multi-biomarker immunoassay biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:204-210. [PMID: 30174274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor markers play an important role in the early diagnosis and therapeutic effect monitoring of tumors. Combined detection of multiple tumor markers is a realistic way of improving the sensitivity and specificity of cancer diagnosis. To achieve this, we studied and designed a giant magneto resistance (GMR) multi-biomarker immunoassay biosensor that can simultaneously detect twelve kinds of tumor markers by integrating a GMR sensor chip, a microfluidic device, a magnetic nano-beads label, and a double antibody sandwich immunoassay method. As a proof of concept, the proposed immunosensor was utilized to detect 12 tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCC, PG I, PG II, CA19-9, total PSA, free PSA, free-β-hCG, Tg) and to screen patients with lung cancer, liver cancer, digestive tract cancer, prostatic cancer, etc. The immunosensor showed excellent sensitivity, accuracy, precision and stability. Designed as a POCT device, the immunosensor also allows for portability, able to perform rapid detection wherever necessary. As a multi-analyte assay, it provides significant advantages over single-analyte tests in terms of cost per test, labor and convenience. The system's ability to simultaneously measure the concentration of multiple markers in serum samples with excellent sensitivity and accuracy allows the immunosensor to be used for early tumor diagnosis.
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Torsetnes SB, Levernæs MS, Broughton MN, Paus E, Halvorsen TG, Reubsaet L. Multiplexing Determination of Small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarkers and Their Isovariants in Serum by Immunocapture LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6983-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500986t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silje B. Torsetnes
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Maren S. Levernæs
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Marianne N. Broughton
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Paus
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Trine G. Halvorsen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Léon Reubsaet
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
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Torsetnes SB, Løvbak SG, Claus C, Lund H, Nordlund MS, Paus E, Halvorsen TG, Reubsaet L. Immunocapture and LC–MS/MS for selective quantification and differentiation of the isozymes of the biomarker neuron-specific enolase in serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 929:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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