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Jäger W, Moskalev I, Raven P, Goriki A, Bidnur S, Black PC. Orthotopic Mouse Models of Urothelial Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1655:177-197. [PMID: 28889387 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic mouse models of urothelial cancer are essential for testing novel therapies and molecular manipulations of cell lines in vivo. These models are either established by orthotopic inoculation of human (xenograft models) or murine tumor cells (syngeneic models) in immunocompromised or immune competent mice. Current techniques rely on inoculation by intravesical instillation or direct injection into the bladder wall. Alternative models include the induction of murine bladder tumors by chemical carcinogens (BBN) or genetic engineering (GEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Igor Moskalev
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Raven
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Akihiro Goriki
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samir Bidnur
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira PA, Vasconcelos-Nóbrega C, Arantes-Rodrigues R, Pinto-Leite R, Colaço AA, de la Cruz LF, Lopes C. Altered expression of CKs 14/20 is an early event in a rat model of multistep bladder carcinogenesis. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:319-25. [PMID: 26515584 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratins (CKs) 14 and 20 are promising markers for diagnosing urothelial lesions and for studying their prognosis and histogenesis. This work aimed to study the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CK14/20 during multistep carcinogenesis leading to papillary bladder cancer in a rat model. Thirty female Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (control); group 2, which received N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 20 weeks plus 1 week without treatment; and group 3, which received BBN for 20 weeks plus 8 weeks without treatment. Bladder lesions were classified histologically. CK14 and CK20 immunostaining was assessed according to its distribution and intensity. In control animals, 0-25% of basal cells and umbrella cells stained positive for CK14 and CK20 respectively. On groups 2 and 3, nodular hyperplastic lesions showed normal CK20 and moderately increased CK14 staining (26-50% of cells). Dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, papilloma, papillary tumours of low malignant potential and low- and high-grade papillary carcinomas showed increased CK14 and CK20 immunostaining in all epithelial layers. Altered CK14 and CK20 expression is an early event in urothelial carcinogenesis and is present in a wide spectrum of urothelial superficial neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Gil da Costa
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal.,Grupo de Patologia e Terapêutica Experimental, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,CITAB, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Vasconcelos-Nóbrega
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Agrária de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.,CECA, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rosário Pinto-Leite
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética Humana, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aura A Colaço
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis F de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Grupo de Patologia e Terapêutica Experimental, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
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Oliveira PA, Arantes-Rodrigues R, Vasconcelos-Nóbrega C. Animal models of urinary bladder cancer and their application to novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:485-503. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.902930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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