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Liu L, Yang C, Zhu L, Wang Y, Zheng F, Liang L, Cao P, Liu J, Han X, Zhang J. RSL3 enhances ROS-mediated cell apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome cells through MYB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:465. [PMID: 38956026 PMCID: PMC11219730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic malignancies and seriously threaten people's health. Current therapies include bone marrow transplantation and several hypomethylating agents. However, many elderly patients cannot benefit from bone marrow transplantation and many patients develop drug resistance to hypomethylating agents, making it urgent to explore novel therapy. RSL3 can effectively induce ferroptosis in various tumors and combination of RSL3 and hypomethylating agents is promising to treat many tumors. However, its effect in MDS was unknown. In this study, we found that RSL3 inhibited MDS cell proliferation through inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis. RSL3 inhibited Bcl-2 expression and increased caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. RNA-seq analysis revealed that MYB may be a potential target of RSL3. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of MYB can rescue MDS cell proliferation inhibition caused by RSL3. Cellular thermal shift assay showed that RSL3 binds to MYB to exert its function. Furthermore, RSL3 inhibited tumor growth and decreased MYB and Bcl-2 expression in vivo. More importantly, RSL3 decreased the viability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) isolated from MDS patients, and RSL3 had a synergistic effect with DAC in MDS cells. Our studies have uncovered RSL3 as a promising compound and MYB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway as a potential target for MDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoying Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Xiao C, Zhang Y, Zhao JG, Song LX, Zhao YS, Jia Y, Guo J, Han S, Li ZW, Guo C, Li X, Chang CK. Analysis of the influencing factors related to liver and cardiac iron overload in MDS patients detected by MRI in the real world. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:123-133. [PMID: 33491605 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1866791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to explore and analyze the related influencing factors of liver and cardiac iron overload in MDS patients detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We have detected cardiac T2* and liver T2* by MRI in 105 MDS patients. Among them, 20 patients accepted MRI examination before and after iron chelation therapy (ICT). Results: We found that adjusted ferritin (ASF) was significantly correlated with liver T2* and cardiac T2*. RBC transfusion volume, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and age were the related factors of cardiac T2*, while RBC transfusion volume and erythropoietin (EPO) were related factors of liver T2*. After ICT, the changes of ASF and liver T2* were earlier than cardiac T2*. Chronic hepatitis but virus copy normal's has no significant effect on liver iron deposition. CONCLUSION These results showed special attention should be paid to these related influencing factors of liver and cardiac T2* expression when we evaluated iron overload and detected the efficacy of ICT in MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Eastern Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Gong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Shan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Hematology, Eastern Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Eastern Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cha Guo
- Department of Hematology, Eastern Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Huang L, Fu R. [Research progress of characteristics and mechanisms of iron overload affecting bone marrow hematopoiesis]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:709-712. [PMID: 31495147 PMCID: PMC7342874 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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4
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Iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: An updated overview. Cancer 2018; 124:3979-3989. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Li N, Chen Q, Gu J, Li S, Zhao G, Wang W, Wang Z, Wang X. Synergistic inhibitory effects of deferasirox in combination with decitabine on leukemia cell lines SKM-1, THP-1, and K-562. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36517-36530. [PMID: 28388554 PMCID: PMC5482673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-center study from the French Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Group confirmed that iron chelation therapy is an independent prognostic factor that can increase the survival rate of patients who are suffering from transfusion-dependent low-risk MDS. In this study, we aimed to explore this clinical phenomena in vitro, by exploring the synergistic effect of the iron chelator Deferasirox (DFX) and the DNA methyl transferase inhibitor Decitabine (DAC) in the leukemia cell lines SKM-1, THP-1, and K-562. Treatment with both DFX or DAC promoted apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited proliferation in all three of these cell lines. The combination of DFX and DAC was much greater than the effect of using either drug alone. DFX showed a synergistic effect with DAC on cell apoptosis in all three cell lines and on cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in K-562 cells. DFX decreased the ROS levels to varying degrees. In contrast, DAC increased ROS levels and an increase in ROS was also noted when the two drugs were used in combination. Treatment of cells with DAC induced re-expression of ABAT, APAF-1, FADD, HJV, and SMPD3, presumably through demethylation. However the combination of DAC and DFX just had strong synergistic effect on the re-expression of HJV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianyi Li
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinfen Chen
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Gu
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjie Zhao
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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Zheng QQ, Zhao YS, Guo J, Zhao SD, Song LX, Fei CM, Zhang Z, Li X, Chang CK. Iron overload promotes erythroid apoptosis through regulating HIF-1a/ROS signaling pathway in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2017; 58:55-62. [PMID: 28460338 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid apoptosis increases significantly in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with iron overload, but the underlying mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of HIF-1a/ROS on erythroid apoptosis in MDS patients with iron overload. We found that iron overload injured cellular functions through up-regulating ROS levels in MDS/AML cells, including inhibited cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Interestingly, overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), which was under-expressed in iron overload models, reduced ROS levels and attenuated cell damage caused by iron overload in MDS/AML cells. And gene knockdown of HIF-1a got the similar results as iron overload in MDS/AML cells. Furthermore, iron overload caused high erythroid apoptosis was closely related with ROS in MDS patients. Importantly, the HIF-1a protein levels of erythrocytes elevated obviously after incubation with desferrioxamine (DFO) from MDS patients with iron overload, accompanied by ROS levels inhibited and erythroid apoptosis reduced. Taken together, our findings determine that the HIF-1a/ROS signaling pathway plays a key role in promoting erythroid apoptosis in MDS patients with iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Si-da Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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8
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Ke JY, Cen WJ, Zhou XZ, Li YR, Kong WD, Jiang JW. Iron overload induces apoptosis of murine preosteoblast cells via ROS and inhibition of AKT pathway. Oral Dis 2017; 23:784-794. [PMID: 28248443 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Ke
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Orthodontics; Foshan Chancheng Stomatological Hospital; Foshan China
| | - W-J Cen
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Stomatology; Guangzhou Development District Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - X-Z Zhou
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y-R Li
- Department of Orthodontics; Foshan Chancheng Stomatological Hospital; Foshan China
| | - W-D Kong
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - J-W Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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9
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Eid R, Arab NTT, Greenwood MT. Iron mediated toxicity and programmed cell death: A review and a re-examination of existing paradigms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:399-430. [PMID: 27939167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient that is problematic for biological systems since it is toxic as it generates free radicals by interconverting between ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) forms. Additionally, even though iron is abundant, it is largely insoluble so cells must treat biologically available iron as a valuable commodity. Thus elaborate mechanisms have evolved to absorb, re-cycle and store iron while minimizing toxicity. Focusing on rarely encountered situations, most of the existing literature suggests that iron toxicity is common. A more nuanced examination clearly demonstrates that existing regulatory processes are more than adequate to limit the toxicity of iron even in response to iron overload. Only under pathological or artificially harsh situations of exposure to excess iron does it become problematic. Here we review iron metabolism and its toxicity as well as the literature demonstrating that intracellular iron is not toxic but a stress responsive programmed cell death-inducing second messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagla T T Arab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael T Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Huang X, Geng S, Weng J, Lu Z, Zeng L, Li M, Deng C, Wu X, Li Y, Du X. Analysis of the expression of PHTF1 and related genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:93. [PMID: 26448723 PMCID: PMC4595316 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study showed that downregulated BCL11B expression in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line Molt-4 inhibited cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be related to PHTF1 gene overexpression. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of PHTF1 and related genes in ALL and further explore its function in T-ALL cell lines. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the gene expression level of PHTF1 in hematologic malignancies. The PHTF1, BCL11B, FEM1B and Apaf-1 gene expression levels and correlations were analyzed in patients with primary ALL (including T-ALL and B-ALL) and healthy individuals (HIs). Inhibition and overexpression of PHTF1 by lentiviral transduction were performed using the Molt-4 and Jurkat cell lines. Cell growth and apoptosis were measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Upon PHTF1 overexpression, the BCL11B, FEM1B and Apaf-1 gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Results PHTF1 overexpression was found in both T-ALL (p = 0.004) and B-ALL (p < 0.001) groups compared with HIs group. A trend toward a negative correlation between the PHTF1 and BCL11B genes was detected for the T-ALL group, while positively correlated expression was found for the PHTF1 and BCL11B genes in HIs (P = 0.001). FEM1b and Apaf-1 overexpression was found in recently diagnosed ALL patients compared with HIs (p < 0.05). Positively correlated expression was found for the PHTF1, FEM1b and Apaf-1 genes in patients with ALL (p < 0.05) and HIs (p < 0.05). Direct up-regulation of PHTF1 expression inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat and Molt-4 cells and effectively induced apoptosis in Molt-4 cells. Direct inhibition of PHTF1 expression had no significant effect on the proliferation or apoptosis of Jurkat and Molt-4 cells. FEM1b and Apaf-1 overexpression, which did not obviously alter the BCL11B expression level, was detected in PHTF1-transduced T-ALL cell lines. Conclusions PHTF1 overexpression is responsible for regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in T-ALL cell lines. PHTF1 may be a tumor-suppressor like gene and a therapeutic target for triggering the PHTF1-FEM1b-Apaf-1 apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zesheng Lu
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingji Zeng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minming Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Deng
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Haematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Rehman SU, Husain MA, Sarwar T, Ishqi HM, Tabish M. Modulation of alternative splicing by anticancer drugs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2015; 6:369-79. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
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