1
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Liu YL, Yang WH, Chen BY, Nie J, Su ZR, Zheng JN, Gong ST, Chen JN, Jiang D, Li Y. miR‑29b suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ascites H22 cells via regulating TGF‑β1 and p53 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:157. [PMID: 34184070 PMCID: PMC8249050 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)‑29b is a key tumor regulator. It can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress tumor invasion and migration, thus delaying tumor progression. Our previous studies revealed an increased level of miR‑29b in hepatoma 22 (H22) cells in ascites tumor‑bearing mice. The present study investigated the effect of miR‑29b on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ascites H22 cells and its association with the transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) signaling pathway and p53‑mediated apoptotic pathway. Briefly, H22 cells were transfected with miR‑29b‑3p (hereinafter referred to as miR‑29b) mimic or miR‑29b inhibitor. MTS cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze cell viability and apoptosis. The expression change of the TGF‑β1 signaling pathway and p53‑mediated apoptotic pathway were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, cells were treated with exogenous TGF‑β1 and TGF‑β1 small interfering RNA to evaluate the crosstalk between TGF‑β1 and p53 under miR‑29b regulation. The overexpression of miR‑29b decreased cell viability, increased cell apoptosis, activated the TGF‑β1 signaling pathway and p53‑mediated apoptotic pathway. Conversely, these effects were reversed by the miR‑29b inhibitor. Moreover, the effect of miR‑29b mimic was further increased after treating cells with exogenous TGF‑β1. The activation of the TGF‑β1 signaling pathway and p53‑mediated apoptotic pathway induced by miR‑29b overexpression were reversed by TGF‑β1 inhibition. In summary, these data indicated that miR‑29b has an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of H22 cells by regulating the TGF‑β1 signaling pathway, the p53‑dependent apoptotic pathway, and the crosstalk between TGF‑β1 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Medicine and Health, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Juan Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Na Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ting Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Nan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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2
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Vu T, Yang S, Datta PK. MiR-216b/Smad3/BCL-2 Axis Is Involved in Smoking-Mediated Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1879. [PMID: 32668597 PMCID: PMC7408725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that vast majority of lung cancers (85-90%) are causally linked to tobacco smoking. Although much information has been gained about the effects of smoking on various signaling pathways, little is known about how deregulation of miRNAs leads to activation of oncogenes and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our previous study showed that smoking inhibits TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor functions through downregulation of Smad3 in lung cancer cells. In order to understand the upstream mechanism of downregulation of Smad3 by smoking, we performed miRNA microarray analyses after treating human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and immortalized peripheral lung epithelial HPL1A cells with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). We identified miR-216b as being upregulated in CSC treated cells. MiR-216b overexpression decreases Smad3 protein expression by binding to its 3'-UTR, and attenuates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and target gene expression. MiR-216b increases B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression and promotes chemoresistance of NSCLC cells by decreasing apoptosis. Increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in miR-216b gene promoter plays a role in CSC induced miR-216b expression. Taken together, these results suggest that smoking-mediated upregulation of miR-216b increases NSCLC cell growth by downregulating Smad3 and inhibiting TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function, and induces resistance to platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
| | - Pran K. Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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3
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Shih J, Lin H, Hsiao A, Su Y, Tsai S, Chien C, Kung H. Unveiling the role of microRNA‐7 in linking TGF‐β‐Smad‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition with negative regulation of trophoblast invasion. FASEB J 2019; 33:6281-6295. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801898rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Chung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and ProteomicsCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hua‐Heng Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - An‐Che Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ting Su
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shawn Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Liang Chien
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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4
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Zhang Z, Xing T, Chen Y, Xiao J. Exosome-mediated miR-200b promotes colorectal cancer proliferation upon TGF-β1 exposure. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1135-1143. [PMID: 30119180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome are emerging mediators of intercellular communication. Cancer-secreted exosome has an effect on the exosome donor cells and support cancer growth and metastasis. Here, we examine the TGF-β1, a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways in human cancers, significantly contributes to upregulate miR-200b in exosome from colorectal cancer cell lines. The miR-200b enriched in exosome can be transferred into a new target cell to facilitating the colorectal cancer cells proliferation. Further studies showing that the exosomal miR-200b could directly target 3'-UTRs of p27 and RND3 resulted in knockdown of respective target proteins in recipient cells. Remarkably, the overexpression of p27/kip1 in HCT-116 cell, not RND3, resulted in effectively inhibited cell proliferation which induced by exosomal miR-200b. Moreover, animal experiment studies also confirmed a stimulating effect of exosomal miR-200b on colorectal cancer cell-derived xenografts. The expression p27/kip1 have decreased in tumors xenografts after injected with exosomal miR-200b. Our observations offer an evidence that whereby exosomal specific miRNA could amplify the proliferative element into the neighboring or distant cells to effective tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The Yeda Hospital of Yantai City, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongchao Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Peoples's Hospital of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of GeneralSurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang City, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmei Xiao
- Digestive Department; Tongchuan traditional Chinese medicine hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Xue R, Jia K, Wang J, Yang L, Wang Y, Gao L, Hao J. A Rising Star in Pancreatic Diseases: Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29967585 PMCID: PMC6015921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) is a type of pluripotent cell located between pancreatic lobules and the surrounding area of acinars. When activated, PSC can be transformed into myofibroblast-like cell. A number of evidences suggest that activated PSC is the main source of the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein under the pathological conditions, which lead to pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Recent studies have found that PSC also plays an important role in the endocrine cell function, islet fibrosis and diabetes. In order to provide new strategies for the treatment of pancreatic diseases, this paper systematically summarizes the recent researches about the biological behaviors of PSC, including its stem/progenitor cell characteristics, secreted exosomes, cellular senescence, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), energy metabolism and direct mechanical reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Nie J, Yang HM, Sun CY, Liu YL, Zhuo JY, Zhang ZB, Lai XP, Su ZR, Li YC. Scutellarin Enhances Antitumor Effects and Attenuates the Toxicity of Bleomycin in H22 Ascites Tumor-Bearing Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:615. [PMID: 29962947 PMCID: PMC6011816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is a broad spectrum anti-tumor drug and inducing pulmonary fibrosis. As an anti-tumor drug without immunosuppression, it is urgent to find a drug that reduces the side effects of BLM. Scutellarin (SCU), a flavone extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, has anti-inflammatory activity and ability to inhibit tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. However, the combined role of SCU and BLM treatment in tumor is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible effect and related mechanisms of BLM combined with SCU in the treatment of tumor through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments showed that BLM combined with SCU in the treatment of mice bearing H22 ascites tumor prolonged the survival time, alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, reduced the production of TNF-α; IL-6, and the levels of MDA and MPO. BLM combined with SCU increased the apoptotic rate of H22 ascites cells and the levels of cleaved-caspases-3 and -8. Furthermore, BLM combined with SCU increased the protein expression of p53 and gene expression of miR-29b, and decreased the expression of TGF-β1. In vitro experiment results showed that BLM combined with SCU inhibited the viability of H22 cells and MRC-5 cells, promoted H22 cell apoptosis, up-regulated the protein expression of p53 and down-regulated the protein expression of α-SMA and collagen-I in MRC-5 cells. These experimental results suggested that SCU could enhance the anti-tumor effect of BLM and reduce BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, indicating SCU as a potential adjuvant for BLM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nie
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yue Sun
- Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lu Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhuo
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Zhang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Lo PK, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Wolfson B, Yu J, Han SY, Duru N, Zhou Q. Tumor-associated myoepithelial cells promote the invasive progression of ductal carcinoma in situ through activation of TGFβ signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11466-11484. [PMID: 28512126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal myoepithelium has a tumor-suppressing nature and inhibits the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Conversely, a growing number of studies have shown that tumor-associated myoepithelial cells have a tumor-promoting effect. Moreover, the exact role of tumor-associated myoepithelial cells in the DCIS-to-IDC development remains undefined. To address this, we explored the role of tumor-associated myoepithelial cells in the DCIS-to-IDC progression. We developed a direct coculture system to study the cell-cell interactions between DCIS cells and tumor-associated myoepithelial cells. Coculture studies indicated that tumor-associated myoepithelial cells promoted the invasive progression of a DCIS cell model in vitro, and mechanistic studies revealed that the interaction with DCIS cells stimulated tumor-associated myoepithelial cells to secrete TGFβ1, which subsequently contributed to activating the TGFβ/Smads pathway in DCIS cells. We noted that activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, basal-like phenotypes, stemness, and invasiveness of DCIS cells. Importantly, xenograft studies further demonstrated that tumor-associated myoepithelial cells enhanced the DCIS-to-IDC progression in vivo Furthermore, we found that TGFβ-mediated induction of oncogenic miR-10b-5p expression and down-regulation of RB1CC1, a miR-10b-5p-targeted tumor-suppressor gene, contributed to the invasive progression of DCIS. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence to directly support the paradigm that altered DCIS-associated myoepithelial cells promote the invasive progression of DCIS into IDC via TGFβ signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Kuo Lo
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Yongshu Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Yuan Yao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Benjamin Wolfson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Justine Yu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Shu-Yan Han
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and.,the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Nadire Duru
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Qun Zhou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
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8
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Yadav S, Singh N, Shah PP, Rowbotham DA, Malik D, Srivastav A, Shankar J, Lam WL, Lockwood WW, Beverly LJ. MIR155 Regulation of Ubiquilin1 and Ubiquilin2: Implications in Cellular Protection and Tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2017; 19:321-332. [PMID: 28315615 PMCID: PMC5361868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin (UBQLN) proteins are adaptors thought to link ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome. However, our lab has recently reported a previously unappreciated role for loss of UBQLN in lung cancer progression. In fact, UBQLN genes are lost in over 50% of lung cancer samples examined. However, a reason for the loss of UBQLN has not been proposed, nor has a selective pressure that could lead to deletion of UBQLN been reported. Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) are a major concern in the large cities of developing nations and DEP exposed populations are at an increased risk of developing a number of illnesses, including lung cancer. A connection between DEP and UBQLN has never been examined. In the present study, we determined the effect of DEP on lung cell lines and were interested to determine if UBQLN proteins could potentially play a protective role following treatment with DEP. Interestingly, we found that DEP treated cells have increased expression of UBQLN proteins. In fact, over-expression of UBQLN was capable of protecting cells from DEP toxicity. To investigate the mechanism by which DEP leads to increased UBQLN protein levels, we identified and interrogated microRNAs that were predicted to regulate UBQLN mRNA. We found that DEP decreases the oncogenic microRNA, MIR155. Further, we showed that MIR155 regulates the mRNA of UBQLN1 and UBQLN2 in cells, such that increased MIR155 expression increased cell invasion, migration, wound formation and clonogenicity in UBQLN-loss dependent manner. This is the first report of an environmental carcinogen regulating expression of UBQLN proteins. We show that exposure of cells to DEP causes an increase in UBQLN levels and that MIR155 regulates mRNA of UBQLN. Thus, we propose that DEP-induced repression of MIR155 leads to increased UBQLN levels, which in turn may be a selective pressure on lung cells to lose UBQLN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Yadav
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, UP 226001, India.
| | - Nishant Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, UP 226001, India.
| | - Parag P Shah
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202.
| | - David A Rowbotham
- Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5Z 1L3.
| | - Danial Malik
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202.
| | - Ankita Srivastav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, UP 226001, India.
| | - Jai Shankar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, UP 226001, India.
| | - Wan L Lam
- Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5Z 1L3; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 2B5.
| | - William W Lockwood
- Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5Z 1L3; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 2B5.
| | - Levi J Beverly
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202.
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9
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Yang HM, Sun CY, Liang JL, Xu LQ, Zhang ZB, Luo DD, Chen HB, Huang YZ, Wang Q, Lee DYW, Yuan J, Li YC. Supercritical-Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extract from Chrysanthemum indicum Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect and Reduces Toxicity of Bleomycin in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030465. [PMID: 28245556 PMCID: PMC5372490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM), a family of anti-tumor drugs, was reported to exhibit severe side effects limiting its usage in clinical treatment. Therefore, finding adjuvants that enhance the anti-tumor effect and reduce the detrimental effect of BLM is a prerequisite. Chrysanthemum indicum, an edible flower, possesses abundant bioactivities; the supercritical-carbon dioxide fluid extract from flowers and buds of C. indicum (CISCFE) have strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and lung protective effects. However, the role of CISCFE combined with BLM treatment on tumor-bearing mice remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effect and the underlying mechanism of CISCFE combined with BLM in the treatment of hepatoma 22 (H22) tumor-bearing mice. The results suggested that the oral administration of CISCFE combined with BLM could markedly prolong the life span, attenuate the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, activities of myeloperoxidase, and malondiadehyde. Moreover, CISCFE combined with BLM promoted the ascites cell apoptosis, the activities of caspases 3 and 8, and up-regulated the protein expression of p53 and down-regulated the transforming growth factor-β1 by activating the gene expression of miR-29b. Taken together, these results indicated that CISCFE could enhance the anti-cancer activity of BLM and reduce the BLM-induced pulmonary injury in H22 tumor-bearing mice, rendering it as a potential adjuvant drug with chemotherapy after further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chao-Yue Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jia-Li Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lie-Qiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhen-Biao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Han-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yong-Zhong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong New South Artepharm, Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Department of McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, CA 02478-9106, USA.
| | - Jie Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Zhao L, Zou D, Wei X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu S, Si Y, Zhao H, Wang F, Yu J, Ma Y, Sun G. MiRNA-221-3p desensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by targeting RB1. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5445-8. [PMID: 27726102 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease due to its rapid dissemination and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as novel regulators of chemoresistance, which modulate the expression of drug resistance-related genes. MiRNA-221 has been reported to be associated with chemoresistance in various types of cancer. But the detailed molecular mechanism about miR-221-3p regulating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human pancreatic cancer remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the association between miR-221-3p expression and 5-FU sensitivity. Studies on pancreatic cancer cell lines suggested an increased 5-FU resistance with miR-221-3p over-expression. In addition, the results indicated that miR-221-3p down-regulated RB1 expression by directly binding to its 3'-UTR and therefore caused increased several aspects of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, our findings revealed the important role of miR-221-3p in promoting 5-FU resistance of pancreatic cancer cells and provided a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Henan University, KaiFeng, 475000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Henan University, KaiFeng, 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Henan University, KaiFeng, 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guotao Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Henan University, KaiFeng, 475000, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Aberrant microRNA expression in tumor mycosis fungoides. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14667-14675. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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12
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Yang S, Cho YJ, Jin L, Yuan G, Datta A, Buckhaults P, Datta PK. An epigenetic auto-feedback loop regulates TGF-β type II receptor expression and function in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33237-52. [PMID: 26356817 PMCID: PMC4741762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (TβRII) expression and function plays a pivotal role in the loss of the TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function that contributes to lung cancer progression. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Our current study involving miRNA microarray, northern blot and QRT-PCR analysis shows an inverse correlation between miR-20a and TβRII expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. Stable expression of miR-20a downregulates TβRII in lung epithelial cells which results in an inhibition of TGF-β signaling and attenuation of TGF-β-induced cell growth suppression and apoptosis. Stable knock down of miR-20a increases TβRII expression and inhibits tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells in vivo. Oncogene c-Myc promotes miR-20a expression by activating its promoter leading to downregulation of TβRII expression and TGF-Δ signaling. MiR-145, which is upregulated by TGF-β, inhibits miR-20a expression by targeting c-Myc and upregulates TβRII expression. These correlations among miRNAs and cellular proteins are supported by TCGA public database using NSCLC specimens. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the loss of TβRII expression and TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor functions in lung cancer through a complex auto-feedback loop TGF-β/miR-145/c-Myc/miR-20a/TβRII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yong-Jig Cho
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lin Jin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arunima Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Zhan M, Zhao X, Wang H, Chen W, Xu S, Wang W, Shen H, Huang S, Wang J. miR-145 sensitizes gallbladder cancer to cisplatin by regulating multidrug resistance associated protein 1. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10553-62. [PMID: 26852750 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy in biliary tract with poor prognosis. Due to its high chemoresistance, systemic chemotherapies have had limited success in treating GBC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging novel regulators of chemoresistance, which modulate the expression of drug resistance-related genes. In this study, we investigated the association between miR-145 expression and cisplatin sensitivity by both in vivo and in vitro analysis. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) analysis indicated an increased miR-145 expression in GBC tissues. In addition, studies on GBC cell lines suggested an increased cisplatin efficacy with miR-145 overexpression, whereas decreasing miR-145 expression reduced cisplatin sensitivity. Further, we found that miR-145 accelerated MRP1 mRNA degradation by directly targeting its 3'-UTR and therefore caused increased cisplatin toxicity in GBC cells. Moreover, lower miR-145 and higher MRP1 expression levels predicted poor prognosis in GBC patients who received chemotherapy. Collectively, our findings established a rationale for using miR-145 expression as a biomarker to identify cisplatin-resistant GBC patients and propose that treatment strategies increasing the expression of miR-145 could be a new therapeutic approach for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sunwang Xu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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14
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Huang F, Li J, Wang S. MicroRNAs, TGF-β signaling, and the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:115-25. [PMID: 26563372 PMCID: PMC4841843 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells and mediators form a major part of the tumor microenvironment and play important roles in the regulation of cancer initiation, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an inflammation-related cytokine that functions in both tumor suppression and promotion; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates an association between miRNAs and TGF-β signaling, providing new insight into the nature of the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. The present review is an overview of the interaction between miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines, with emphasis on the cross talk between TGF-β signaling and miRNAs and their influence on cancer cell behavior. The emerging roles of miRNAs in cancer-related inflammation and the potential to target miRNA signaling pathways for cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fengbo Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Institute of Radiology and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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15
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Bracken CP, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ. Network-Based Approaches to Understand the Roles of miR-200 and Other microRNAs in Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2594-9. [PMID: 26069247 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA) are well suited to the task of regulating gene expression networks, because any given miRNA has the capacity to target dozens, if not hundreds, of genes. The simultaneous targeting of multiple genes within a pathway may enable miRNAs to more strongly regulate the pathway, or to achieve more subtle control through the targeting of distinct subnetworks of genes. Therefore, as our capacity to discover miRNA targets en masse increases, so must our consideration of the complex networks in which these genes participate. We highlight recent studies in which the comprehensive identification of targets has been used to elucidate miRNA-regulated gene networks in cancer, focusing especially upon miRNAs such as members of the miR-200 family that regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a reversible phenotypic switch whereby epithelial cells take on the more invasive properties of their mesenchymal counterparts. These studies have expanded our understanding of the roles of miRNAs in EMT, which were already known to form important regulatory loops with key transcription factors to regulate the epithelial or mesenchymal properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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16
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Tang Q, Zou Z, Zou C, Zhang Q, Huang R, Guan X, Li Q, Han Z, Wang D, Wei H, Gao X, Wang X. MicroRNA-93 suppress colorectal cancer development via Wnt/β-catenin pathway downregulating. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1701-10. [PMID: 25371073 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-93 (miR-93) is involved in several carcinoma progressions. It has been reported that miR-93 acts as a promoter or suppressor in different tumors. However, till now, the role of miR-93 in colon cancer is unclear. Herein, we have found that expression of miR-93 was lower in human colon cancer tissue and colorectal carcinoma cell lines compared with normal colon mucosa. Forced expression of miR-93 in colon cancer cells inhibits colon cancer invasion, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, miR-93 may downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which was confirmed by measuring the expression level of the β-catenin, axin, c-Myc, and cyclin-D1 in this pathway. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7), as an essential molecular protein for nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, is predicted as a putative target gene of miR-93 by the silico method and demonstrated that it may be suppressed by targeting its 3'UTR. These findings showed that miR-93 suppresses colorectal cancer development via downregulating Wnt/β-catenin, at least in part, by targeting Smad7. This study revealed that miR-93 is an important negative regulator in colon cancer and suggested that miR-93 may serve as a novel therapeutic agent that offers benefits for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
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17
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TGF-β1 mediates estrogen receptor-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some tumor lines. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11277-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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