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Ravaioli F, Pivetti A, Di Marco L, Chrysanthi C, Frassanito G, Pambianco M, Sicuro C, Gualandi N, Guasconi T, Pecchini M, Colecchia A. Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169016. [PMID: 36012285 PMCID: PMC9409132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient with many pleiotropic effects on health and various chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed report on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease, addressing the different liver etiologies and the condition of advanced chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) with related complications. To date, patients with liver disease, regardless of underlying etiology, have been shown to have reduced levels of vitamin D. There is also evidence of the predictive role of vitamin D values in complications and progression of advanced disease. However, specific indications of vitamin D supplementation are not conclusive concerning what is already recommended in the general population. Future studies should make an effort to unify and validate the role of vitamin D supplementation in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ravaioli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Pivetti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Marco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Christou Chrysanthi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Frassanito
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Pambianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Sicuro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Noemi Gualandi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Tomas Guasconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pecchini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
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Konstantakis C, Tselekouni P, Kalafateli M, Triantos C. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:297-306. [PMID: 27366029 PMCID: PMC4923814 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ongoing evidence that vitamin D is related to the pathophysiology of cirrhosis. Although the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis is strongly documented, its pathogenic association with advanced liver fibrosis remains controversial. There is evidence of a significant relation of 25(OH)D levels with the degree of liver dysfunction, considering that an inverse correlation of 25(OH)D levels with both Child-Pugh score and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease has been reported. In addition, vitamin D deficiency has been shown to increase the risk for overall mortality and infections in patients with cirrhosis. Vitamin D deficiency has been also associated with advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and poor prognosis. Finally, there are studies suggesting that patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal vitamin D levels have higher virological response to treatment. However, there are not enough studies conducted in cirrhotic-only populations. The association between vitamin D and cirrhosis demonstrates a great potential for clinical application. The relation between vitamin D deficiency and the degree of liver function, degree of fibrosis and infectious complications could support its use as a prognostic index and a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Kalafateli
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Jiao GH, Wang BM, Zhou L. Role of natural killer cells and vitamin signaling in autoimmune liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5643-5647. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i36.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a major group of human hepatic lymphocytes. Their precursors undergo a maturation process that leads to the acquisition of their effecter functions to regulate the innate and acquired immune responses. With the changes in the expression of chemotactic receptors and adhesion molecules, NK cells migrate to the target organ, leading to the immune-related liver diseases. The discovery of the vitamin signaling and vitamin receptor expression in NK cell lineage, particularly the interaction with nuclear receptors, suggests a novel role for vitamin signaling in modulating immunological function and in the development or prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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