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Lopes SR, Martins C, Santos IC, Teixeira M, Gamito É, Alves AL. Colorectal cancer screening: A review of current knowledge and progress in research. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1119-1133. [PMID: 38660635 PMCID: PMC11037045 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, being the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Despite the progress in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment, approximately 20%-25% of CRC patients still present with metastatic disease at the time of their initial diagnosis. Furthermore, the burden of disease is still expected to increase, especially in individuals younger than 50 years old, among whom early-onset CRC incidence has been increasing. Screening and early detection are pivotal to improve CRC-related outcomes. It is well established that CRC screening not only reduces incidence, but also decreases deaths from CRC. Diverse screening strategies have proven effective in decreasing both CRC incidence and mortality, though variations in efficacy have been reported across the literature. However, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal screening method, age intervals and periodicity. Moreover, adherence to CRC screening remains globally low. In recent years, emerging technologies, notably artificial intelligence, and non-invasive biomarkers, have been developed to overcome these barriers. However, controversy exists over the actual impact of some of the new discoveries on CRC-related outcomes and how to effectively integrate them into daily practice. In this review, we aim to cover the current evidence surrounding CRC screening. We will further critically assess novel approaches under investigation, in an effort to differentiate promising innovations from mere novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos Lopes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Claudio Martins
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Inês Costa Santos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Madalena Teixeira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Élia Gamito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Alves
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal 2910-446, Portugal
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Wang X, Hu Y, Zhang P, Tang C. To investigation of the correlation between serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a levels and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancer patients based on drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Circulating Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Their Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112391. [PMID: 34071492 PMCID: PMC8199026 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase, with 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths by 2030. Therefore, the establishment of novel biomarkers useful in the early diagnosis of CRC is of utmost importance. A number of publications have documented the significance of the overexpression of several specific proteins, such as inflammatory mediators, in CRC progression. However, little is known about the potential utility of these proteins as circulating blood tumor biomarkers of CRC. Therefore, in the present review we report the results of our previous original studies as well as the findings of other authors who investigated whether inflammatory mediators might be used as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Our study revealed that among all of the tested proteins, serum M-CSF, CXCL-8, IL-6 and TIMP-1 have the greatest value in the diagnosis and progression of CRC. Serum TIMP-1 is useful in differentiating between CRC and colorectal adenomas, whereas M-CSF and CRP are independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with CRC. This review confirms the promising significance of these proteins as circulating biomarkers for CRC. However, due to their non-specific nature, further validation of their sensitivity and specificity is required.
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Christou N, Blondy S, David V, Verdier M, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO, Mathonnet M, Perraud A. Neurotensin pathway in digestive cancers and clinical applications: an overview. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1027. [PMID: 33268796 PMCID: PMC7710720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Initially, NEUROTENSIN (NTS) has been shown to play physiological and biological functions as a neuro-transmitter/modulator in the central nervous system and as an endocrine factor in the periphery, through its binding to two kinds of receptors: NTSR1 and 2 (G protein-coupled receptors) and NTSR3/sortilin (a vacuolar protein-sorting 10-domain receptor). NTS also plays oncogenic roles in many types of cancer, including digestive cancers. In tumor tissues, NTS and NTSR1 expression is higher than in healthy ones and is associated with poor prognosis. NTS and NTRS1 promote cancer progression and play key functions in metastatic processes; they modulate several signaling pathways and they contribute to changes in the tumor microenvironment. Conversely, NTRS2 involvement in digestive cancers is poorly understood. Discovered for mediating NTS biological effects, sortilin recently emerged as a promising target as its expression was found to be increased in various types of cancers. Because it can be secreted, a soluble form of sortilin (sSortilin) appears as a new serum biomarker which, on the basis of recent studies, promises to be useful in both the diagnosis and tumor progression monitoring. More precisely, it appears that soluble sortilin can be associated with other receptors like TRKB. These associations occur in exosomes and trigger the aggressiveness of cancers like glioblastoma, leading to the concept of a possible composite theranostic biomarker. This review summarizes the oncogenic roles of the NTS signaling pathways in digestive cancers and discusses their emergence as promising early diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France.
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Générale, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France.
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Valentin David
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service de Pharmacie, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service d'Immunologie, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Générale, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Générale, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
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Neurotensins and their therapeutic potential: research field study. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1779-1803. [PMID: 33032465 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural tridecapeptide neurotensin has been emerged as a promising therapeutic scaffold for the treatment of neurological diseases and cancer. In this work, we aimed to identify the top 100 most cited original research papers as well as recent key studies related to neurotensins. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched and the retrieved research articles were analyzed by using the VOSviewer software. The most cited original articles were published between 1973 and 2013. The top-cited article was by Carraway and Leeman reporting the discovery of neurotensin in 1973. The highly cited terms were associated with hypotension and angiotensin-converting-enzyme. The conducted analysis reveals the therapeutic potentials of neurotensin, and further impactful research toward its clinical development is warrantied.
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Pączek S, Mroczko P, Kulczyńska-Przybik A. The Significance of CXCL1 and CXCL8 as Well as Their Specific Receptors in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8435-8443. [PMID: 32982437 PMCID: PMC7501593 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s267176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, almost 2 million people develop colorectal cancer (CRC), which makes it the fourth most common malignancy worldwide. It is also estimated that approximately 48% of CRC patients will die from the disease. Thus, noninvasive and accurate methods for early detection and prevention of CRC are sorely needed. It is suggested that C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) as well as their cognate receptors can mediate tumor growth, proliferation, survival, neoangiogenesis and metastasis of malignant cells, including CRC. However, little is known about the clinical significance of these proteins as potential biomarkers for CRC. Therefore, in our review, we performed a comprehensive literature search using the PubMed database to identify original articles that investigated whether CXCL1 and CXCL8 and their receptors play a role in CRC pathogenesis. In summary, our review highlighted the potential significance of CXCL1/CXCR2 and CXCL8/CXCR1,-2 in the diagnosis and progression of CRC as well as indicated their potential therapeutic significance. However, given the non-specific nature of analyzed chemokines and a small number of studies concerning the assessment of blood concentration of these proteins in CRC patients, investigations need to be continued in the future before selected chemokines could be established as biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Pączek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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CXCL-8 in Preoperative Colorectal Cancer Patients: Significance for Diagnosis and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062040. [PMID: 32192002 PMCID: PMC7139325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Since colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in Europe and third worldwide, novel biomarkers for diagnosing the disease are critically needed. Objectives. According to our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum CXCL-8 (C-X-C motif chemokine 8) in the diagnosis and progression of CRC compared to classical tumor marker CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and marker of inflammation CRP (C-reactive protein). Patients and Methods. The study included 59 CRC patients and 46 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of selected proteins were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), CMIA (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay), and immunoturbidimetric methods. Results. Serum concentrations of CXCL-8, similarly to those of the classical tumor marker CEA and inflammatory state marker CRP, were significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences in CXCL-8 concentrations between tumor stages, as established by the Kruskal–Wallis test and confirmed by the post hoc Dwass–Steele–Critchlow–Fligner test. CXCL-8 levels were also significantly elevated in CRC patients with distant metastases compared to patients in the subgroup without metastases. Diagnostic sensitivity, predictive values for negative results (NPV), and AUC (area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve—ROC curve) of CXCL-8 were higher than those of CEA, while diagnostic specificity and predictive values for positive results (PPV) of CXCL-8 were higher than those of CRP. Conclusions. Our findings indicate greater utility of CXCL-8 in comparison to the classical tumor marker CEA in the diagnosis of CRC. Moreover, serum CXCL-8 might be a potential biomarker of colorectal cancer progression.
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Zygulska AL, Furgala A, Kaszuba-Zwoińska J, Krzemieniecki K, Gil K. Changes in plasma levels of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, VIP and PYY in gastric and colorectal cancer - Preliminary results. Peptides 2019; 122:170148. [PMID: 31541684 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physiological roles of enterohormones such as secretion, absorption and digestion were supported by clinical data. Overexpression of cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors occur in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. The aim of the paper was to compare plasma levels of CCK, peptide YY (PYY), VIP and NT in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and healthy controls. The study included 80 patients (37 men and 43 women) with GI malignancies (20 with gastric and 60 with colorectal cancers). Median age of the patients was 62.9 years (range: 40-85 years). Control group was comprised of 30 healthy persons with median age 59.8 years (range: 40-82 years). Fasting plasma concentrations of CKK, PYY, NT, and VIP were determined at rest, using ELISA kits for automated systems. Comparative analysis of enterohormone levels in patients with various types of gastrointestinal malignancies demonstrated presence of some cancer-specific alterations. Patients with gastric cancers presented with lower plasma concentrations of CCK than healthy controls and individuals from colorectal cancers (p = 0.02). The highest plasma concentrations of neurotensin was found in colorectal cancer patients in comparison to gastric (p = 0.02). The plasma levels of VIP observed in gastric cancer group were lower than in colorectal cancer patients (p = 0.01). Patients with GI malignancies may present with tumor-specific alterations in plasma enterohormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Lidia Zygulska
- Department of Oncology, Krakow University Hospital, 10 Sniadeckich St., 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agata Furgala
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kaszuba-Zwoińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Krzemieniecki
- Department of Oncology, Krakow University Hospital, 10 Sniadeckich St., 31-531, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University, 10 Sniadeckich St., 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
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Exploratory Analysis of Plasma Neurotensin as a Novel Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Polyp and Cancer. Discov Oncol 2019; 10:128-135. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-00364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Norris EJ, Zhang Q, Jones WD, DeStephanis D, Sutker AP, Livasy CA, Ganapathi RN, Tait DL, Ganapathi MK. Increased expression of neurotensin in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma with evidence of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. J Pathol 2019; 248:352-362. [PMID: 30883751 PMCID: PMC6619390 DOI: 10.1002/path.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) without identifiable serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) within the fallopian tube (FT) occurs in approximately 50% of patients. The objective of this study was to use a multisite tumor sampling approach to study HGSC with and without STIC. RNAseq analysis of HGSC samples collected from multiple sites e.g. ovary, FT and peritoneum, revealed moderate levels of intrapatient heterogeneity in gene expression that could influence molecular profiles. Mixed‐model ANOVA analysis of gene expression in tumor samples from patients with multiple tumor sites (n = 13) and patients with a single site tumor sample (n = 11) to compare HGSC‐STIC to HGSC‐NOSTIC identified neurotensin (NTS) as significantly higher (> two‐fold change, False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.10) in HGSC‐STIC. This data was validated using publicly available RNA‐Seq datasets. Concordance between higher NTS gene expression and NTS peptide levels in HGSC‐STIC samples was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. To determine the role of NTS in HGSC, five ovarian cancer (OvCa) cell lines were screened for expression of NTS and its receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR3. Increased expression of NTS and NSTR1 was observed in several of the OvCa cells, whereas the NTSR3 receptor was lower in all OvCa cells, compared to immortalized FT epithelial cells. Treatment with NTSR1 inhibitor (SR48692) decreased cell proliferation, but increased cell migration in OvCa cells. The effects of SR48692 were receptor mediated, since transient RNAi knockdown of NTSR1 mimicked the migratory effects and knockdown of NTSR3 mimicked the anti‐proliferative effects. Further, knockdown of NTSR1 or NTSR3 was associated with acquisition of distinct morphological phenotypes, epithelial or mesenchymal, respectively. Taken together, our results reveal a difference in a biologically active pathway between HGSC with and without STIC. Furthermore, we identify neurotensin signaling as an important pathway involved in cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in HGSC‐STIC which warrants further study as a potential therapeutic target. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Norris
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Wendell D Jones
- Department of Bioinformatics and Clinical Systems, Q2 Solutions - EA Genomics, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David L Tait
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
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The role of neurotensin as a novel biomarker in the endoscopic screening of high-risk population for developing colorectal neoplasia. Updates Surg 2017; 69:397-402. [PMID: 28560510 PMCID: PMC5591352 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-017-0464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer screening programs aim at early detection of cancer to reduce incidence rates and mortality. The objective of this study is to identify the role of neurotensin in the endoscopic screening of high-risk population for developing colorectal neoplasia. Blood samples from patients referred for urgent colonoscopy to investigate symptoms suspicious of colorectal cancer were collected. Blood neurotensin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Colonoscopy findings were used as reference for determining the diagnostic accuracy of blood neurotensin. The study comprised 26 patients in total: 12 healthy and 14 with colon pathology (13 high-grade dysplasia adenomatous polyps, 1 adenocarcinoma). There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and biochemical parameters between colon pathology and healthy group except neurotensin levels. Pathology in colon was associated with 3.7-fold increase in NT levels. In multivariate analysis, patients with pathology in colon have increased serum neurotensin levels compared to controls adjusted for age, gender, BMI and co-morbidities. The value of 12.93 pg/ml is associated with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity for discriminating the colon pathology from normal colonic epithelium (p = 0.001). Neurotensin plasma values differentiate healthy people from patients suffering from colonic pathologies such as adenomatous polyps and cancer. The use of neurotensin as a potential endoscopic screening tool for identifying high-risk population for developing colorectal cancer is promising, but much has to be done before it is validated in larger scale prospective studies.
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A Review of the Role of Neurotensin and Its Receptors in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:6456257. [PMID: 28316623 PMCID: PMC5339424 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6456257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a physiologically occurring hormone which affects the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, NTS, acting through its cellular receptors (NTSR), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant body of evidence, from in vitro and in vivo studies, is available which elucidates the molecular biology of NTS/NTSR signalling and the resultant growth of CRC cells. There is growing clinical data from human studies which corroborate the role NTS/NTSR plays in the development of human CRC. Furthermore, blockade and modulation of the NTS/NTSR signalling pathways appears to reduce CRC growth in cell cultures and animal studies. Lastly, NTS/NTSR also shows potential of being utilised as a diagnostic biomarker for cancers as well as targets for functional imaging. We summarise the existing evidence and understanding of the role of NTS and its receptors in CRC.
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Engström W, Darbre P, Eriksson S, Gulliver L, Hultman T, Karamouzis MV, Klaunig JE, Mehta R, Moorwood K, Sanderson T, Sone H, Vadgama P, Wagemaker G, Ward A, Singh N, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Colacci AM, Vaccari M, Mondello C, Scovassi AI, Raju J, Hamid RA, Memeo L, Forte S, Roy R, Woodrick J, Salem HK, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Bisson WH. The potential for chemical mixtures from the environment to enable the cancer hallmark of sustained proliferative signalling. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S38-60. [PMID: 26106143 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review current knowledge relating the established cancer hallmark, sustained cell proliferation to the existence of chemicals present as low dose mixtures in the environment. Normal cell proliferation is under tight control, i.e. cells respond to a signal to proliferate, and although most cells continue to proliferate into adult life, the multiplication ceases once the stimulatory signal disappears or if the cells are exposed to growth inhibitory signals. Under such circumstances, normal cells remain quiescent until they are stimulated to resume further proliferation. In contrast, tumour cells are unable to halt proliferation, either when subjected to growth inhibitory signals or in the absence of growth stimulatory signals. Environmental chemicals with carcinogenic potential may cause sustained cell proliferation by interfering with some cell proliferation control mechanisms committing cells to an indefinite proliferative span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Engström
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Gulliver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9050, New Zealand
| | - Tove Hultman
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Research, University of Athens, Marasli 3, Kolonaki, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington , 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Rekha Mehta
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, 251 Sir F.G. Banting Driveway, AL # 2202C, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kim Moorwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Hideko Sone
- Environmental Exposure Research Section, Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibraki 3058506, Japan
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- IRC in Biomedical Materials, School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gerard Wagemaker
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatoty Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Dept. kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University//Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins CO 80523-1680, USA and
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University//Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins CO 80523-1680, USA and
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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14
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Prognostic value, clinicopathologic features and diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-8 in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123484. [PMID: 25856316 PMCID: PMC4391830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value and diagnostic accuracy of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in colorectal cancer have been assessed with several studies, but the conclusions were inconclusive. Thus we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of IL-8 expression on colorectal cancer prognosis, clinicopathologic features and diagnostic accuracy. METHODS Comprehensive search strategies were used to search relevant literature in the PubMed, EBSCO and the ISI Web of Science databases. The correlation between IL-8 expression and prognosis, clinicopathologic features and diagnostic accuracy was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 18 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 1509 patients for clinicopathologic features or prognosis evaluation and 725 participants for diagnostic evaluation. The results suggested that overexpression of IL-8 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (HR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.03-2.32), especially in Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage IV patients (HR = 2.28, 95%CI 1.60-3.25). With further subgroup analysis, we found that high IL-8 level in serum was significantly correlated with poor prognosis (HR = 2.13, 95%CI 1.49-3.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed between high IL-8 expression and advanced stage (OR = 3.01, 95%CI 1.98-4.56), lymphatic metastasis (OR = 2.24, 95%CI 1.39-3.63), and liver metastasis (OR = 3.47, 95%CI 1.74-6.89). Moreover, IL-8 had high diagnostic accuracy, with pooled sensitivity 0.70(95%CI 0.66-0.74), specificity 0.91(95%CI 0.86-0.94), positive likelihood ratio (LR) 7.00(95%CI 2.48-19.73), negative LR 0.24(95%CI 0.09-0.64), diagnostic OR 24.00(95%CI 5.52-104.38). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that IL-8 could be a potential indicator for detecting colorectal cancer and predicting prognosis. In addition, high IL-8 level was significantly correlated with advanced stage, lymphatic metastasis, liver metastasis.
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