The ATP7B genetic polymorphisms predict clinical outcome to platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients

An original cuproptosis-related genes signature effectively influences the prognosis and immune status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Recently, a non-apoptotic cell death pathway that is dependent on the presence of copper ions was proposed, named as cuproptosis. Cuproptosis have been found to have a strong association with the clinical progression and prognosis of several cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) are among the most common malignant tumors, with a 5-year relative survival rate ranging between 40% and 50%. The underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in HNSC progression have not been clarified. Methods: In this study, expression pattern, biological functions, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene variants and immune status were analyzed to investigate the effects of CRGs on HNSC progression. Moreover, a 12-CRGs signature and nomogram were also constructed for prognosis prediction of HNSC. Results: The results revealed that some CRGs were dysregulated, had somatic mutations, and CNV in HNSC tissues. Among them, ISCA2 was found to be upregulated in HNSC and was strongly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of HNSC patients (HR = 1.13 [1.01-1.26], p-value = 0.0331). Functionally, CRGs was mainly associated with the TCA cycle, cell cycle, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, p53 signaling pathway, chemical carcinogenesis, and carbon metabolism in cancer. A 12-CRGs signature for predicting the OS was constructed which included, CAT, MTFR1L, OXA1L, POLE, NTHL1, DNA2, ATP7B, ISCA2, GLRX5, NDUFA1, and NDUFB2. This signature showed good prediction performance on the OS (HR = 5.3 [3.4-8.2], p-value = 3.4e-13) and disease-specific survival (HR = 6.4 [3.6-11], p-value = 2.4e-10). Furthermore, 12-CRGs signature significantly suppressed the activation of CD4+ T cells and antigen processing and presentation. Finally, a nomogram based on a 12-CRGs signature and clinical features was constructed which showed a significantly adverse effect on OS (HR = 1.061 [1.042-1.081], p-value = 1.6e-10) of HNSC patients. Conclusion: This study reveals the association of CRGs with the progression of HNSC based on multi-omics analysis. The study of CRGs is expected to improve clinical diagnosis, immunotherapeutic responsiveness and prognosis prediction of HNSC.

Cuproptosis-Related Gene - SLC31A1, FDX1 and ATP7B - Polymorphisms are Associated with Risk of Lung Cancer

Background

Cuproptosis is a novel copper-dependent cell death, and the copper level was increased in lung cancer patients. However, few studies evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cuproptosis-related genes and lung cancer risk.

Methods

Six SNPs of the SLC31A1, FDX1 and ATP7B genes were genotyped in a case-control cohort including 650 lung cancer cases and 650 controls using the MassARRAY platform.

Results

The minor alleles of SLC31A1-rs10981694 and FDX1-rs10488764 were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (rs10981694: OR=1.455, 95% CI: 1.201-1.763, p<0.001; rs10488764: OR=1.483, 95% CI: 1.244-1.768, p<0.001). In contrast, the minor alleles of rs9535826 and rs9535828 in ATP7B were related to a decreased risk of the disease (rs9535826: OR=0.714, 95% CI: 0.608-0.838 p<0.001; rs9535828: OR=0.679, 95% CI: 0.579-0.796, p<0.001). The frequencies of rs10981694-TG/GG and rs10488764-GA/AA genotypes were significantly higher in lung cancer cases than that in controls, making them risk genotypes for the disease (p < 0.001); while the rs9535826-TG/GG and rs9535828-GA/AA genotypes were protective genotypes and associated with a reduced risk of the disease (p<0.001). Genetic model evaluation revealed that SLC31A1-rs10981694 and FDX1-rs10488764 were associated with a growing risk of lung cancer in dominant, recessive and log-additive models (p<0.001). Moreover, rs9535826 and rs9535828 in ATP7B were related to a declining risk of the disease in three genetic models (p<0.001). In addition, stratification analysis showed that FDX1-rs10488764 was risk variant for lung cancer in both smokers and nonsmokers, and was associated with risk of each pathological type of lung cancer (p<0.008).

Conclusion

The results shed new light on the correlation between cuproptosis-related genes and risk of lung cancer.

Association between ABCC2 polymorphism and hematological toxicity in patients with esophageal cancer receiving platinum plus 5-fluorouracil therapy

BACKGROUND

Platinum agents are taken up into cells by copper transporter (CTR) 1 (gene code: SLC31A1) and are excreted from cells by copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 (gene code: ABCC2). In addition, glutathione S transferase (GST) P1 is involved in the metabolism of platinum agents. The present study aimed to determine whether the rate of grade 3-4 hematological toxicity associated with platinum plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy in 239 patients with esophageal cancer was affected by the SLC31A1 rs10981694A>C and rs12686377G>T, ATP7B rs9535828A>G, GSTP1 rs1695A>G, and ABCC2 -24C>T polymorphisms.

METHODS

Chemotherapy consisted of protracted infusion of 5-FU (800 mg/m²/day) on days 1-5 and cisplatin or nedaplatin (80 mg/m²/day) on day 1.

RESULTS

A total of 82 of 239 patients developed grade 3-4 hematological toxicity after chemotherapy. Univariate analysis showed that ABCC2 -24C/T + T/T genotypes (P = 0.038), radiation therapy (P = 0.013), baseline white blood cell count < 6000/μL (P = 0.003), and baseline neutrophil count < 3900/μL (P = 0.021) were statistically significant predictors of grade 3-4 hematological toxicity. Multivariate analysis revealed that ABCC2 -24C/T + T/T genotypes (P = 0.036), radiation therapy (P = 0.005), and baseline white blood cell count < 6000/μL (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

We determined that ABCC2 -24C>T is significantly associated with grade 3-4 hematological toxicity after platinum plus 5-FU therapy. These findings might contribute to improved treatment strategies for patients with esophageal cancer.

Predictive value of ERCC2, ABCC2 and MMP2 of response and long-term survival in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy

PURPOSE

Genetic variants in genes involved in the distribution, metabolism, accumulation or repair of lesions are likely to influence the response of drugs used in the treatment of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). We examine the effect of 36 SNPs on clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced HNC who were receiving platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

METHODS

These SNPs were genotyped in 110 patients using the iPLEX Gold assay on the MassARRAY method in blood DNA samples and used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to compare genotype groups with the survival.

RESULTS

Two SNPs, rs717620 (ABCC2) and rs12934241 (MMP2) were strongly associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). At a median follow-up of 64.4 months, the allele A of rs717620 (ABCC2) had an increased risk of disease progression {hazard ratio [HR] = 1.79, p = 0.0018} and death (HR = 2.0, p = 0.00027). ABCC2 was associated with OS after a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. The MMP2 rs12934241-T allele was associated with an increased risk of worse OS and DFS (p = 0.0098 and p = 0.0015, respectively). One SNP of ABCB1 and three SNPs located in the ERCC2 gene showed an association with response in the subgroup of HNC patients treated with definitive CRT.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings highlight the potential usefulness of SNPs in different genes involved in drug metabolism and repair DNA to predict the response and survival to CRT. ABCC2 is a potential predictor of OS in patients with HNC.

Effects of SLC31A1 and ATP7B polymorphisms on platinum resistance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

The relationship between the SLC31A1 (protein: copper transporter 1) rs10981694 A > C and ATP7B (protein: P-type adenosine triphosphatase 7B) rs9535828 A > G polymorphisms on the overall survival and disease-free survival of 104 Japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was investigated. Chemotherapy consisted of protracted infusion of 5-fluoracil (800 mg/m²/day) on days 1-5 and cisplatin or nedaplatin (80 mg/m²/day) on day 1. The median (range) follow-up was 47 (6-127) months. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 71.2% and 60.6%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in patients with the SLC31A1 rs10981694 C allele compared with the rs10981694 A/A genotype (91.7% vs. 65.0%, P = 0.018). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients with the SLC31A1 rs10981694 C allele compared with the rs10981694 A/A genotype (79.2% vs. 55.0%, P = 0.043). In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses showed the SLC31A1 rs10981694 A > C polymorphism to be a significant prognostic factor affecting 5-year overall survival after neoadjuvant CRT. However, the overall and disease-free survival rates after surgery did not differ significantly among the ATP7B rs9535828 genotypes. In conclusion, only the SLC31A1 rs10981694 A/A genotype was an independent predictor of a poorer 5-year overall survival. Therefore, in neoadjuvant CRT for ESCC patients, the effect of platinum was affected by the SLC31A1 rs10981694 A > C polymorphism. The presence of this polymorphism should be considered when devising neoadjuvant CRT regimens or treatment strategies for ESCC.

Pharmacogenomics for the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy: Old drugs, new integrated perspective

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for many malignancies. However, although therapeutic efficiency varies greatly among individuals, there is a lack of pharmacogenomic biomarkers that can be used in clinical settings to identify chemosensitive patients and allow stratification. With the development of high-throughput screening techniques and systems biology approaches, a growing body of evidence has shown that platinum resistance is a multifactorial, multi-dimensional, dynamic process incorporating genetic background, tumor evolution and gut microbes. This review critically summarizes potential pharmacogenomic biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of platinum drugs and provides a comprehensive, time-varying perspective that integrates multiple markers.

Functional miRNA variants affect lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response

Background

Platinum-based chemotherapy is widely used as the first-line treatment of lung cancer. MicroRNAs have an important role in lung carcinogenesis and progression. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA involved in miRNA biogenesis and structural alteration may affect miRNA expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of functional miRNA variants with the lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response.

Methods

Nine genetic polymorphisms in miR-605, 146a, 149, 196a-2, 27a, 499, 30c-1, 5197 and let-7a-2 were selected with comprehensive collection strategy and genotyped by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in a total of 215 health control and 507 lung cancer patients (386 patients received at least two consecutive cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy).

Results

We found that an allele carriers of miR-146a rs2910164 (P=0.022, OR=1.315) and C allele carriers of miR-149 rs71428439 (P=0.042, OR=1.372) performance a high risk of lung cancer. Mir-30c-1 rs928508 (P=0.005, in recessive model) and let-7a-2 rs629367 (P=0.030 and P=0.021, in additive and dominant models, respectively) showed strong relationship with lung cancer risk in age under 57 years. The rs11614913 (miR-196a-2) C allele or rs9280508 (miR-30c-1) G allele carriers shown more sensitive to platinum both in additive (P=0.010, P=0.022, respectively) and dominant models (P=0.001, P=0.018, respectively).

Conclusions

These findings suggested that SNPs rs71428439 (miR-149), rs2910164 (miR-146a), rs928508 (mir-30c-1) and rs629367 (let-7a-2) were associated with the lung cancer prevalence, polymorphisms of rs11614913 (miR-196a-2) and rs9280508 (miR-30c-1) significantly influenced the patients' response to platinum-based chemotherapy, which may serve as potential clinical biomarkers to predict lung cancer risk and platinum-based chemotherapy response.

Pharmacogenomics of platinum-based chemotherapy response in NSCLC: a genotyping study and a pooled analysis

Published data showed inconsistent results about associations of extensively studied polymorphisms with platinum-based chemotherapy response. Our study aimed to provide reliable conclusions of these associations by detecting genotypes of the SNPs in a larger sample size and summarizing a comprehensive pooled analysis. 13 SNPs in 8 genes were genotyped in 1024 NSCLC patients by SequenomMassARRAY. 39 published studies and our study were included in meta-analysis. Patients with GA or GG genotypes of XRCC1 G1196 had better response than AA genotype carriers (Genotyping study: OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.53-0.96, P = 0.028; Meta-analysis: OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62-0.89, P = 0.001). Patients carrying CT or TT genotypes of XRCC1 C580T could be more sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy compared to patients with CC genotype (OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.37-0.80, P = 0.002). CC genotype of XRCC3 C18067T carriers showed more resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy when compared to those with CT or TT genotypes (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.52-0.91, P = 0.009). Our study indicated that XRCC1 G1196A/C580T and XRCC3 C18067T should be paid attention for personalized platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Copper efflux transporters ATP7A and ATP7B: Novel biomarkers for platinum drug resistance and targets for therapy

Platinum-based chemotherapy agents are widely used in the treatment of various solid malignancies. However, their efficacy is limited by drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that copper efflux transporters, which are encoded by ATP7A and ATP7B, play an important role in platinum drug resistance. Over-expressions of ATP7A and ATP7B are observed in multiple cancers. Moreover, their expressions are associated with cancer prognosis and treatment outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy. In our review, we highlight the roles of ATP7A/7B in platinum drug resistance and cancer progression. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of platinum drug resistance mediated by ATP7A/7B and provide novel strategies for overcoming resistance. This review may be helpful for understanding the roles of ATP7A and ATP7B in platinum drug resistance. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(3):183-191, 2018.

The six metal binding domains in human copper transporter, ATP7B: molecular biophysics and disease-causing mutations

Wilson Disease (WD) is a hereditary genetic disorder, which coincides with a dysfunctional copper (Cu) metabolism caused by mutations in ATP7B, a membrane-bound P1B-type ATPase responsible for Cu export from hepatic cells. The N-terminal part (~ 600 residues) of the multi-domain 1400-residue ATP7B constitutes six metal binding domains (MBDs), each of which can bind a copper ion, interact with other ATP7B domains as well as with different proteins. Although the ATP7B's MBDs have been investigated in vitro and in vivo intensively, it remains unclear how these domains modulate overall structure, dynamics, stability and function of ATP7B. The presence of six MBDs is unique to mammalian ATP7B homologs, and many WD causing missense mutations are found in these domains. Here, we have summarized previously reported in vitro biophysical data on the MBDs of ATP7B and WD point mutations located in these domains. Besides the demonstration of where the research field stands today, this review showcasts the need for further biophysical investigation about the roles of MBDs in ATP7B function. Molecular mechanisms of ATP7B are important not only in the development of new WD treatment but also for other aspects of human physiology where Cu transport plays a role.

The metal chaperone Atox1 regulates the activity of the human copper transporter ATP7B by modulating domain dynamics

The human transporter ATP7B delivers copper to the biosynthetic pathways and maintains copper homeostasis in the liver. Mutations in ATP7B cause the potentially fatal hepatoneurological disorder Wilson disease. The activity and intracellular localization of ATP7B are regulated by copper, but the molecular mechanism of this regulation is largely unknown. We show that the copper chaperone Atox1, which delivers copper to ATP7B, and the group of the first three metal-binding domains (MBD1-3) are central to the activity regulation of ATP7B. Atox1-Cu binding to ATP7B changes domain dynamics and interactions within the MBD1-3 group and activates ATP hydrolysis. To understand the mechanism linking Atox1-MBD interactions and enzyme activity, we have determined the MBD1-3 conformational space using small angle X-ray scattering and identified changes in MBD dynamics caused by apo-Atox1 and Atox1-Cu by solution NMR. The results show that copper transfer from Atox1 decreases domain interactions within the MBD1-3 group and increases the mobility of the individual domains. The N-terminal segment of MBD1-3 was found to interact with the nucleotide-binding domain of ATP7B, thus physically coupling the domains involved in copper binding and those involved in ATP hydrolysis. Taken together, the data suggest a regulatory mechanism in which Atox1-mediated copper transfer activates ATP7B by releasing inhibitory constraints through increased freedom of MBD1-3 motions.

Pharmacogenomics of platinum-based chemotherapy sensitivity in NSCLC: toward precision medicine

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the therapeutic efficiency varies remarkably among individuals. A large number of pharmacogenomics studies aimed to identify genetic variations which can be used to predict platinum response. Those studies are leading NSCLC treatment to the new era of precision medicine. In the current review, we provided a comprehensive update on the main recent findings of genetic variations which can be used to predict platinum sensitivity in the NSCLC patients.

Association of well-characterized lung cancer lncRNA polymorphisms with lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis and drug efficacy. Platinum-based chemotherapy is first-line treatment for lung cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of well-characterized lung cancer lncRNA genetic polymorphisms with the lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response. A total of 498 lung cancer patients and 213 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Among them, 467 patients received at least two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Thirteen polymorphisms in HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (HOTTIP), HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), H19, CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (ANRIL), colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) genes were genotyped by allele-specific MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We found that patients with HOTTIP rs5883064 C allele or rs1859168 A allele had increased lung cancer risk (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, respectively). CCAT2 rs6983267 (P = 0.02, adenocarcinoma) and H19 rs2107425 (P = 0.02, age under 50 years) showed strong relationship with lung cancer susceptibility. CCAT2 rs6983267, H19 rs2839698, MALAT1 rs619586, and HOTAIR rs7958904 were associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response in dominant model ((P = 0.02, P = 0.04, P = 0.04, P = 0.01, respectively). ANRIL rs10120688 (P = 0.02, adenocarcinoma) and rs1333049 (P = 0.04, small-cell lung cancer), H19 rs2107425 (P = 0.02, small-cell lung cancer) and HOTAIR rs1899663 (P = 0.03, male; P = 0.03, smoker) were associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy. HOTTIP, CCAT2, H19, HOTAIR, MALATI, ANRIL genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with lung cancer susceptibility or platinum-based chemotherapy response. They may be potential clinical biomarkers to predict lung cancer risk and platinum-based chemotherapy response.

Effect of transporter and DNA repair gene polymorphisms to lung cancer chemotherapy toxicity

Lung cancer is the first leading cause of cancer deaths. Chemotherapy toxicity is one of factors that limited the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Transporters and DNA repair genes play critical roles in occurrence of platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity. To investigate the relationships between transporter and DNA repair gene polymorphisms and platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients, we selected 60 polymorphisms in 14 transporters and DNA repair genes. The polymorphisms were genotyped in 317 lung cancer patients by Sequenom MassARRAY. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of toxicity outcome with the polymorphisms by PLINK. Our results showed that polymorphisms of SLC2A1 (rs3738514, rs4658, rs841844) were significantly related to overall toxicity. XRCC5 (rs1051685, rs6941) and AQP2 (10875989, rs3759125) polymorphisms were associated with hematologic toxicity. AQP2 polymorphisms (rs461872, rs7305534) were correlated with gastrointestinal toxicity. In conclusion, genotypes of these genes may be used to predict the platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients.

Association of positively selected eIF3a polymorphisms with toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients

AIM

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3a) plays critical roles in regulating the initiation of protein translation, and eIF3a is highly expressed in lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the association of the positively selected SNPs of eIF3a with the response to and toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS

SNP data for eIF3a locus were downloaded from HapMap database. For each SNP, haplotype, LD profile and population differentiation were analyzed. The long-range haplotype (LRH) test was employed to identify positively selected SNPs of eIF3a. A total of 325 NSCLC patients were enrolled and genotyped for these SNPs.

RESULTS

Five positively selected (rs1409314, rs4752219, rs4752220, rs7091672 and rs10510050) and 5 non-positively selected SNPs (rs10886342, rs11198804, rs2275112, rs10787899 and rs4752269) were identified in the LRH test. However, none of them was correlated with the platinum-based chemotherapy response. In contrast, 4 of the positively selected SNPs (rs1409314, rs4752219, rs4752220 and rs7091672) were significantly correlated with the toxicities tested (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, emesis and hepatotoxicity). In addition, rs10510050 was significantly correlated with thrombocytopenia, emesis and hepatotoxicity. None of the 5 non-positively selected SNPs was correlated with the 5 toxicities.

CONCLUSION

The positively selected SNPs of eIF3a are significantly correlated with platinum-based chemotherapy toxicities in Chinese NSCLC patients.