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Dong X, Xue S, Chen C, Jiang Z, Wu X, Wang W. MYCT-1 Gene Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer: an Ex Vivo Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04754-w. [PMID: 38112991 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy, p53, bcl-2, and c-myc genes are associated with gastric cancer. Myc target 1 (MYCT1) gene is an oncogenic gene and is associated with cancer progression through different signal transduction pathways identifying the corresponding genes The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between MYCT1 gene expression and gastric cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis, cell growth study, and TUNEL assay were performed for the human gastric cancer cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell line. β-Actin gene preferred as a control in RT-PCR. The ratio of MYCT1 gene expression to β-actin gene expression less than 0.5 was considered as downregulation. Using SDS-PAGE MYCT1 gene expression was measured in western blot analysis. Cells with and without the MYCT1 gene were incubated in 35 mm plates with 10% fetal bovine serum in the cell growth study. TUNEL assay was performed to detect the effect of the MYCT1 gene on the apoptosis of cells. The ratio of MYCT1 gene expression to β-actin gene expression was 0.47 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.01 for human gastric cancer cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell lines, respectively. MYCT1 gene expression was downregulated in the human gastric cancer cell lines than human embryonic kidney cell line (p < 0.001). MYCT1 gene decreased cell growth (p = 0.041) during 6 days of incubation study of cells. TUNEL assay showed only the fluorescence of PI in BGC823 cells without the MYCT1 gene. MYCT1 gene expression was downregulated in the human gastric cancer cell lines, and MYCT1 gene accelerates the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiangdu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
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Strous MTA, Faes TKE, Gubbels ALHM, van der Linden RLA, Mesker WE, Bosscha K, Bronkhorst CM, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Vogelaar FJ, de Bruïne AP. A high tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) in colon tumours and its metastatic lymph nodes predicts poor cancer-free survival and chemo resistance. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1047-1058. [PMID: 35064453 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite known high-risk features, accurate identification of patients at high risk of cancer recurrence in colon cancer remains a challenge. As tumour stroma plays an important role in tumour invasion and metastasis, the easy, low-cost and highly reproducible tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) could be a valuable prognostic marker, which is also believed to predict chemo resistance. METHODS Two independent series of patients with colon cancer were selected. TSR was estimated by microscopic analysis of 4 µm haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections of the primary tumour and the corresponding metastatic lymph nodes. Patients were categorized as TSR-low (≤ 50%) or TSR-high (> 50%). Differences in overall survival and cancer-free survival were analysed by Kaplan-Meier curves and cox-regression analyses. Analyses were conducted for TNM-stage I-II, TNM-stage III and patients with an indication for chemotherapy separately. RESULTS We found that high TSR was associated with poor cancer-free survival in TNM-stage I-II colon cancer in two independent series, independent of other known high-risk features. This association was also found in TNM-stage III tumours, with an additional prognostic value of TSR in lymph node metastasis to TSR in the primary tumour alone. In addition, high TSR was found to predict chemo resistance in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of a TNM-stage II-III colon tumour. CONCLUSION In colon cancer, the TSR of both primary tumour and lymph node metastasis adds significant prognostic value to current pathologic and clinical features used for the identification of patients at high risk of cancer recurrence, and also predicts chemo resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T A Strous
- Department of Surgery, VieCuri Medical Centre, Tegelseweg 210, 5912 BL, Venlo, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - T K E Faes
- Department of Pathology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - A L H M Gubbels
- Department of Pathology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | | | - W E Mesker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Bosscha
- Department of Surgery, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - C M Bronkhorst
- Department of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - M L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - F J Vogelaar
- Department of Surgery, VieCuri Medical Centre, Tegelseweg 210, 5912 BL, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - A P de Bruïne
- Department of Pathology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
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Lei Y, Yuan H, Gai L, Wu X, Luo Z. Uncovering Active Ingredients and Mechanisms of Spica Prunellae in the Treatment of Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:306-318. [PMID: 32748741 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200730210536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a well-known herb used in the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Spica Prunellae (SP) shows favorable clinical effect and safety in China for many years, but its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms against COAD remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to uncover active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD using a combined approach of network pharmacology and bioinformatics. METHODS A comprehensive approach mainly comprised of target prediction, network construction, pathway and functional enrichment analysis, and hub genes verification was adopted in the current study. RESULTS We collected 102 compounds-related genes and 3549 differently expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with SP, and 64 disease-drug target genes between them were recognized. In addition, a total of 25 active ingredients in SP were identified. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses suggested that the mechanisms of SP against COAD might be to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells by regulating PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Recognition of hub genes and core functional modules was performed by constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, from which TP53, MYC, MAPK8 and CASP3 were found as the hub target genes that might play an important part in therapy for COAD. Subsequently we further compared the differential expression level and assessed the prognostic value of these four hub genes. These result of verification suggested that SP exerted therapeutic effects against COAD via a PPI network involving TP53, MYC, MAPK8 and CASP3. CONCLUSION In this study, active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD were systematically discussed, which provided the foundation for further experimental studies and might act to promote its appropriate clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Liyue Gai
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhixiao Luo
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Dong S, Ding Z, Zhang H, Chen Q. Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Drugs Targeting Them in Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419864434. [PMID: 31370719 PMCID: PMC6681251 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419864434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify prognostic biomarkers and drugs that target them in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Methods: The TCGA dataset was used to identify the top 50 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Gene Expression Omnibus profiles were used for validation. Survival analyses were conducted with the TCGA dataset using the RTCGAToolbox package in the R software environment. Drugs targeting the candidate prognostic biomarkers were searched in the DrugBank and herbal databases. Results: Among the top 50 upregulated DEGs in patients with COAD in the TCGA dataset, the Wnt signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and pathways in cancer Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were enriched in DEGs. Tissue development and regulation of cell proliferation were the main Gene Ontology biological processes associated with upregulated DEGs. MYC and KLK6 were overexpressed in tumors validated in the TCGA, GSE41328, and GSE113513 databases (all P < .001) and were significantly associated with overall survival in patients with COAD (P = .021 and P = .047). Nadroparin and benzamidine were identified as inhibitors of MYC and KLK6 in DrugBank, and 8 herbs targeting MYC, including Da Huang (Radix Rhei Et Rhizome), Hu Zhang (Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma Et Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Ban Xia (Arum Ternatum Thunb), Tu Fu Ling (Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma), Lei Gong Teng (Tripterygii Radix), Er Cha (Catechu), and Guang Zao (Choerospondiatis Fructus), were identified. Conclusion: MYC and KLK6 may serve as candidate prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets in patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dong
- 1 Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Ding
- 3 Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1 Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- 1 Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,4 Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tijhuis AE, Johnson SC, McClelland SE. The emerging links between chromosomal instability (CIN), metastasis, inflammation and tumour immunity. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 31114634 PMCID: PMC6518824 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers possess an incorrect number of chromosomes, a state described as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is often caused by Chromosomal Instability (CIN), a process of continuous chromosome mis-segregation. CIN is believed to endow tumours with enhanced evolutionary capabilities due to increased intratumour heterogeneity, and facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies. Recently, however, additional consequences and associations with CIN have been revealed, prompting the need to understand this universal hallmark of cancer in a multifaceted context. This review is focused on the investigation of possible links between CIN, metastasis and the host immune system in cancer development and treatment. We specifically focus on these links since most cancer deaths are due to the consequences of metastasis, and immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding novel avenue of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa E. Tijhuis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Sarah C. Johnson
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Sarah E. McClelland
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
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Tumor stroma as contributing factor in the lymph node metastases process? Oncotarget 2019; 10:922-923. [PMID: 30847019 PMCID: PMC6398172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Targeting Strategies for Glucose Metabolic Pathways and T Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:534-550. [PMID: 30360743 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181015150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that result from the accumulation of different sets of genomic alterations, together with epigenomic alterations, and it is influenced by tumor-host interactions, leading to tumor cell growth and glycolytic imbalances. This review summarizes recent findings that involve multiple signaling molecules and downstream genes in the dysregulated glycolytic pathway. This paper further discusses the role of the dysregulated glycolytic pathway in the tumor initiation, progression and the concomitant systemic immunosuppression commonly observed in colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, the relationship between colorectal cancer cells and T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, is discussed, while different aspects of metabolic pathway regulation in cancer cell proliferation are comprehensively defined. Furthermore, this study elaborates on metabolism in colorectal cancer, specifically key metabolic modulators together with regulators, glycolytic enzymes, and glucose deprivation induced by tumor cells and how they inhibit T-cell glycolysis and immunogenic functions. Moreover, metabolic pathways that are integral to T cell function, differentiation, and activation are described. Selective metabolic inhibitors or immunemodulation agents targeting these pathways may be clinically useful to increase effector T cell responses for colorectal cancer treatment. However, there is a need to identify specific antigens using a cancer patient-personalized approach and combination strategies with other therapeutic agents to effectively target tumor metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
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Lopez NE, Peterson CY. Advances in Biomarkers: Going Beyond the Carcinoembryonic Antigen. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2016; 29:196-204. [PMID: 27582644 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using biologically available markers to guide treatment decisions in colorectal cancer care is becoming increasingly common, though our understanding of these biomarkers is in its infancy. In this article, we will discuss how this area is rapidly changing, review important biomarkers being used currently, and explain how the results influence clinical decision-making. We will also briefly discuss the possibility of a liquid biopsy and explore several exciting and new options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Lopez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carrie Y Peterson
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Comparison of a Panel of Biomarkers Between Gastric Primary Cancer and the Paired Krukenberg Tumor. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 25:639-644. [PMID: 26945444 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To compare a panel of selected biomarkers between gastric primary cancer and the paired Krukenberg tumor, a total of 21 cases of metastatic tumors originating from stomach and the paired gastric primary cancers were collected. The expressions of a panel of selected biomarkers were tested by IHC. FISH was used to determine the status of HER2/neu in cases scored IHC 2+. The differences of the expressions of the biomarkers were evaluated between metastatic tumors and the paired gastric primary cancers. Bcl-2 was negative in all the cases. The HER2/neu expression was consistent between the gastric primary cancers and the paired metastatic tumors in 17 patients. In the other 4 cases, the HER2/neu expression was negative in gastric primary cancers but positive in the matched metastatic tumors. The concordance rate of c-MET, p53, and Ki-67 expression was 71.4%, 81.0%, and 76.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the expression of Bcl-2 is negative in all gastric primary tumors and the paired metastatic cancers. There is major concordance of the expression of HER2/neu, c-MET, p53, and Ki-67 between gastric primary cancers and the paired metastatic tumors, which suggests that the status of these biomarkers remain stable during the metastatic process.
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