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Lu M, Zhang H, Li D, Childers M, Pu Q, Palte RL, Gathiaka S, Lyons TW, Palani A, Fan PW, Spacciapoli P, Miller JR, Cho H, Cheng M, Chakravarthy K, O’Neil J, Eangoor P, Beard A, Kim HY, Saurí J, Gunaydin H, Sloman DL, Siliphaivanh P, Cumming J, Fischer C. Structure-Based Discovery of Proline-Derived Arginase Inhibitors with Improved Oral Bioavailability for Immuno-Oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1380-1388. [PMID: 34527178 PMCID: PMC8436246 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
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Recent data suggest
that the inhibition of arginase (ARG) has therapeutic
potential for the treatment of a number of indications ranging from
pulmonary and vascular disease to cancer. Thus, high demand exists
for selective small molecule ARG inhibitors with favorable druglike
properties and good oral bioavailability. In light of the significant
challenges associated with the unique physicochemical properties of
previously disclosed ARG inhibitors, we use structure-based drug design
combined with a focused optimization strategy to discover a class
of boronic acids featuring a privileged proline scaffold with superior
potency and oral bioavailability. These compounds, exemplified by
inhibitors 4a, 18, and 27,
demonstrated a favorable overall profile, and 4a was
well tolerated following multiple days of dosing at concentrations
that exceed those required for serum arginase inhibition and concomitant
arginine elevation in a syngeneic mouse carcinoma model.
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2
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Borek B, Gajda T, Golebiowski A, Blaszczyk R. Boronic acid-based arginase inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115658. [PMID: 32828425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arginase is an enzyme that converts l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea in the urea cycle. There are two isoforms of arginase in mammals: ARG-1 and ARG-2. l-Arginine level changes occur in patients with various types of affliction. An overexpression of arginase leads to the depletion of arginine and then to inhibition of the growth of T and NK cells, and in effect to the tumor escape of the immune response. Based on those observations, an inhibition of arginase is proposed as a method to improve anti-tumor immune responses (via an activation and proliferation of T and NK cells). Boronic acid derivatives as arginase inhibitors are leading, potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of several diseases. All these compounds are derived from the original 2-(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH), the first boronic acid arginase inhibitor proposed by Christianson et al. This article focuses on the review of such sub-class of arginase inhibitors and highlights their SAR and PK properties. It covers molecules published until early 2020, including patent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Borek
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, 101 Żwirki i Wigury St, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 116 Stefana Żeromskiego St, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Golebiowski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, 101 Żwirki i Wigury St, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Blaszczyk
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, 101 Żwirki i Wigury St, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Synergy Between Low Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy and the pH-centered Approach Against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215438. [PMID: 31683667 PMCID: PMC6862380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is becoming a mainstream treatment for cancer in veterinary medicine. Its mechanism of action is anti-angiogenesis by lowering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increasing trombospondin-1 (TSP1). It has also been adopted as a compassionate treatment in very advanced human cancer. However, one of the main limitations of this therapy is its short-term effectiveness: 6 to 12 months, after which resistance develops. pH-centered cancer treatment (pHT) has been proposed as a complementary therapy in cancer, but it has not been adopted or tested as a mainstream protocol, in spite of existing evidence of its advantages and benefits. Many of the factors directly or indirectly involved in MC and anti-angiogenic treatment resistance are appropriately antagonized by pHT. This led to the testing of an association between these two treatments. Preliminary evidence indicates that the association of MC and pHT has the ability to reduce anti-angiogenic treatment limitations and develop synergistic anti-cancer effects. This review will describe each of these treatments and will analyze the fundamentals of their synergy.
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4
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Fleming V, Hu X, Weber R, Nagibin V, Groth C, Altevogt P, Utikal J, Umansky V. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Bypass Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:398. [PMID: 29552012 PMCID: PMC5840207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms to balance an extensive immune response. Distinct immunosuppressive cells could protect from excessive tissue damage and autoimmune disorders. Tumor cells take an advantage of those immunosuppressive mechanisms and establish a strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which inhibits antitumor immune responses, supporting the disease progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a crucial role in this immunosuppressive TME. Those cells represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with a strong immunosuppressive potential. They inhibit an antitumor reactivity of T cells and NK cells. Furthermore, they promote angiogenesis, establish pre-metastatic niches, and recruit other immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that the enrichment and activation of MDSC correlated with tumor progression, recurrence, and negative clinical outcome. In the last few years, various preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting MDSC showed promising results. In this review, we discuss different therapeutic approaches on MDSC targeting to overcome immunosuppressive TME and enhance the efficiency of current tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Fleming
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Weber
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vasyl Nagibin
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher Groth
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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5
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Liu JF, Deng WW, Chen L, Li YC, Wu L, Ma SR, Zhang WF, Bu LL, Sun ZJ. Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 reduces tumor-induced angiogenesis and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in head and neck cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:429-439. [PMID: 29215754 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential event in tumor growth and metastasis, and immune system also contributes to the tumor evasion. Emerging evidences have suggested the bidirectional link between angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is a kind of immunosuppressive cells and plays an important role in this process. However, the actual regulatory mechanisms of angiogenesis and MDSCs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were unclear. In this study, through analyzing the immunohistochemistry staining of human HNSCC tissue microarray, we found that the microvascular density (MVD) was significantly increased in HNSCC patients. We also characterized angiogenic factors p-STAT3, VEGFA, CK2, and MDSCs marker CD11b in HNSCC tissue array, and found the close expression correlation among these markers. To determine the role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in tumor microenvironment of HNSCC, we utilized AG490 (an inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3) for further research. Results showed that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 suppressed angiogenesis by decreasing VEGFA and HIF1-α both in vitro and vivo. Moreover, in HNSCC transgenic mouse model, inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 not only suppressed angiogenesis but also reduced MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment through suppressing VEGFA and CK2. Our findings demonstrated the close relationship between angiogenesis and MDSCs in HNSCC, and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 could reduce tumor-induced angiogenesis and decrease MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Cun Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Rui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Safarzadeh E, Orangi M, Mohammadi H, Babaie F, Baradaran B. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Important contributors to tumor progression and metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3024-3036. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mona Orangi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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7
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O'Connor MA, Rastad JL, Green WR. The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Viral Infection. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:82-97. [PMID: 28051364 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immature myeloid cells that are well described as potent immune regulatory cells during human cancer and murine tumor models. Reports of MDSCs during viral infections remain limited, and their association with immunomodulation of viral diseases is still being defined. Here, we provide an overview of MDSCs or MDSC-like cells identified during viral infections, including murine viral models and human viral diseases. Understanding the similarities and/or differences of virally induced versus tumor-derived MDSCs will be important for designing future immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A O'Connor
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - Jessica L Rastad
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - William R Green
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire.,2 Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon , New Hampshire
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8
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Huang X, Cui S, Shu Y. Cisplatin selectively downregulated the frequency and immunoinhibitory function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a murine B16 melanoma model. Immunol Res 2016; 64:160-70. [PMID: 26590944 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of cisplatin (DDP) on the frequency, phenotype and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in a murine B16 melanoma model. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with B16 cells to establish the murine melanoma model and randomly received treatment with different doses of DDP. The percentages and phenotype of MDSC after DDP treatment were detected by flow cytometry. The immunoinhibitory function of MDSC was analyzed by assessing the immune responses of cocultured effector cells through CFSE-labeling assay, detection of interferon-γ production and MTT cytotoxic assay, respectively. Tumor growth and mice survival were monitored to evaluate the antitumor effect of combined DDP and adoptive cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy. DDP treatment selectively decreased the percentages, modulated the surface molecules and attenuated the immunoinhibitory effects of MDSC in murine melanoma model. The combination of DDP treatment and CIK therapy exerted synergistic antitumor effect against B16 melanoma. DDP treatment selectively downregulated the frequency and immunoinhibitory function of MDSC in B16 melanoma model, indicating the potential mechanisms mediating its immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyun Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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The immunobiology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1387-406. [PMID: 26611648 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and heterogeneous milieu in which multiple interactions occur between tumor and host cells. Immunosuppressive cells which are present in this microenvironment, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play an important role in tumor progression, via down-regulation of antitumor responses. MDSCs represent a heterogeneous group of cells originated from the myeloid lineage that are in the immature state. These cells markedly accumulate under pathologic conditions, such as cancer, infection, and inflammation, and use various mechanisms to inhibit both adaptive and innate immune responses. These immunosuppressive mechanisms include deprivation of T cells from essential amino acids, induction of oxidative stress, interference with viability and trafficking of T cells, induction of immunosuppressive cells, and finally polarizing immunity toward a tumor-promoting type 2 phenotype. In addition to suppression of antitumor immune responses, MDSCs can also enhance the tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that increased frequency of MDSCs is related to the tumor progression. Moreover, various drugs that directly target these cells or reverse their suppressive activity can improve antitumor immune responses as well as increase the efficacy of immunotherapeutic intervention. In this review, we will first discuss on the immunobiology of MDSCs in an attempt to find the role of these cells in tumor progression and then discuss about therapeutic approaches to target these cells.
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