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GRK2-Dependent HuR Phosphorylation Regulates HIF1α Activation under Hypoxia or Adrenergic Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051216. [PMID: 32413989 PMCID: PMC7281538 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors orchestrated by oxygen-dependent and independent upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). We unveiled that G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2), known to be overexpressed in certain tumors, fosters this hypoxic pathway via phosphorylation of the mRNA-binding protein HuR, a central HIF-1α modulator. GRK2-mediated HuR phosphorylation increases the total levels and cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR in response to hypoxia, and GRK2-phosphodefective HuR mutants show defective cytosolic accumulation and lower binding to HIF-1α mRNA in hypoxic Hela cells. Interestingly, enhanced GRK2 and HuR expression correlate in luminal breast cancer patients. GRK2 also promotes the HuR/HIF-1α axis and VEGF-C accumulation in normoxic MCF7 breast luminal cancer cells and is required for the induction of HuR/HIF1-α in response to adrenergic stress. Our results point to a relevant role of the GRK2/HuR/HIF-1α module in the adaptation of malignant cells to tumor microenvironment-related stresses.
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Sidorkiewicz I, Zbucka-Krętowska M, Zaręba K, Lubowicka E, Zajkowska M, Szmitkowski M, Gacuta E, Ławicki S. Plasma levels of M-CSF and VEGF in laboratory diagnostics and differentiation of selected histological types of cervical cancers. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:398. [PMID: 31035945 PMCID: PMC6489352 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search of useful serum biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancers has been of a high priority. The activation of Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is likely involved in the pathogenesis and spread of cancer. We compared the plasma levels of M-CSF and VEGF to the ones of commonly accepted tumor markers CA 125and SCC-Ag in three groups of patients: 1. the cervical cancer group (patients with either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma); 2. the cervical dysplasia group; 3. the control group. Methods This cohort study included 100 patients with cervical cancer and 55 patients with cervical dysplasia. The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers. The plasma levels of VEGF and M-CSF were determined using ELISA, while CA 125 and SCC-Ag concentrations were obtained by the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Results The median levels of M-CSF and VEGF as well as CA 125 and SCC-Ag in the entire group of cervical cancer patients, were significantly different compared to the healthy women group. In case of both the squamous cell carcinoma and the adenocarcinoma groups, plasma levels of M-CSF and VEGF were higher compared to the control group. No significant differences in the studied parameters between the squamous cell carcinoma and the adenocarcinoma group were observed. The highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained for VEGF (81.18 and 76.00%, respectively) and SCC-Ag (81.18%; 74.00%) in the squamous cell carcinoma group and for VEGF (86.67%; 76.00%) in the adenocarcinoma group. The area under the ROC curve for VEGF was the largest in the adenocarcinoma group followed by the squamous cell carcinoma group (0.9082 and 0.8566 respectively). Conclusions Obtained results indicate a possible clinical applicability and a high diagnostic power for the combination of MSC-F, VEGF, CA 125 and SCC-Ag in the diagnosis of both studied types of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland. .,Present address: Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Zaręba
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Lubowicka
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gacuta
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
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Maañón J, Perez D, Rhode A, Callejón G, Rivas-Ruiz F, Perez-Ruiz E, Rodrigo I, Ramos B, Medina F, Villatoro R, Redondo M, Rueda A. High serum vascular endothelial growth factor C predicts better relapse-free survival in early clinically node-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28131-28140. [PMID: 29963266 PMCID: PMC6021352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis indicated that higher tumoral expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) was related to poorer relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients. However, a retrospective study found that higher circulating VEGF-C levels were associated with better survival in breast cancer patients. In 2009, we initiated a prospective study to determine the utility of preoperative serum VEGF-C levels for predicting the risk of sentinel lymph node involvement in early breast cancer and to assess serum VEGF-C levels as a prognostic factor for relapse-free and overall survival. We analyzed serum samples from 174 patients with early breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsies. VEGF-C levels were determined using an ELISA. Serum VEGF-C levels were normally distributed, with a median value of 6561.5 pg/mL, and did not correlate with any other clinical or pathological variables. During a median follow-up period of 58 months, the five-year relapse-free survival rate was higher in patients with VEGF-C levels above the median than in patients with lower levels (95.3% vs. 85.9%, p < 0.04). No association was found between VEGF-C levels and overall survival. Our study demonstrates that the prognosis was better for early breast cancer patients with high serum VEGF-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maañón
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, Málaga University, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Perez
- Medical Oncology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rhode
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Callejón
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas-Ruiz
- Support for Research Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Perez-Ruiz
- Medical Oncology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodrigo
- Pathology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Belén Ramos
- Radiology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Medina
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Villatoro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Hospital Tumor Registry, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Rueda
- Medical Oncology Unit, Breast Cancer Unit, Hospital Costa de Sol, (REDISSEC), Marbella, Málaga, Spain
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Zhou Y, Zhang GJ, Wang J, Zheng KY, Fu W. Current status of lymph node micrometastasis in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51963-51969. [PMID: 28881703 PMCID: PMC5584304 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. An inadequate number of dissected lymph nodes is an independent risk factor affecting recurrence, even in patients who are node negative. Oddly, certain early-stage patients still experience recurrence or metastasis within a short time, even if they have undergone standard radical mastectomy. Many researchers have attributed these adverse events to lymph node micrometastasis (LNM), which is defined as a microscopic deposit of malignant cells of less than 2 mm in diameter. With the development of diagnostic tools such as immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the rate of detection of LNM has been constantly increasing. Although there is no clear consensus about risk factors for or the definitive clinical significance of LNM, the clinical impact of LNM is remarkable in gastric cancer. For minimally invasive treatment in particular, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic surgery, accurate diagnosis of LNM is regarded as the potential key to maintaining the balance between curability and safety. This review provides an overview of the definition, detection and significance of LNM in gastric cancer. We also summarize several attention-drawing controversies regarding the treatment of patients who may have LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Jing Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Liu J, Xia J, Zhang Y, Fu M, Gong S, Guo Y. Associations between the expression of MTA1 and VEGF-C in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3275-3281. [PMID: 28927077 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the expression levels of metastasis-related gene 1 (MTA1) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with lymph angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. The paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 107 cases of ESCC and 56 cases of normal esophageal tissues were collected from the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital from March 2013 to January 2014. Immunohistochemical assays were performed to detect the expression levels of MTA1, VEGF-C and D2-40 in ESCC, and the micro-lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was evaluated. Their associations with various clinicopathological parameters were also analyzed. The protein expression levels of MTA1 and VEGF-C in ESCC were significantly higher compared with those in normal esophageal tissues (P<0.05); the high protein expression levels of MTA1 and VEGF-C in ESCC tissues at various tumor-node-metastasis stages exhibited statistically significant differences, as revealed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of MTA1 and VEGF-C in ESCC exhibited positive correlations (Spearman's ρ, r=0.512; P=0.000); the LVD level in the group with high expression of MTA1 and VEGF-C was significantly higher compared with in the low expression group (P<0.05). The comparison between MTA1 and VEGF-C protein expression levels in the group with a high rate of lymph node metastasis demonstrated statistically significant differences when compared with in the low lymph node metastasis group (P<0.05). The expression levels of MTA1 and VEGF-C in ESCC exhibited a positive correlation in ESCC, which may co-promote lymph angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in ESCC; therefore, they may be used as biomarkers for determining the prognosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Maoyong Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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Zhao H, Hou C, Hou A, Zhu D. Concurrent Expression of VEGF-C and Neuropilin-2 Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 238:85-91. [PMID: 26753562 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.238.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is a secreted growth factor involved in many oncogenic processes, and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is essential for neuronal guidance as a well-acknowledged co-receptor of VEGF receptors. The overexpression of NRP2 has been reported in many types of cancers, but the significance of NRP2 in glioblastoma is not elucidated. To investigate the clinical significance of VEGF-C and NRP2 in glioblastoma, we detected their expression in 86 cases of glioblastoma with immunohistochemistry and categorized our cohort into high- and low-expression groups according to the immunohistochemistry score, which was the product of the score of staining intensity multiplied by the score reflecting the percentage of positive cells. The proportion of glioblastoma with high VEGF-C expression was 34.9% (30/86), and that with high NRP2 expression was 37.2% (32/86). The proportion of glioblastoma with high expression of both VEGF-C and NRP2 was 15.1% (13/86). Moreover, the proportion of cases with high VEGF-C and low NRP2 was 19.7% (17/86), while the proportion of cases with low VEGF-C and high NRP2 was 22.1% (19/86). The high expression of both VEGF-C and NRP2 was associated with poorer survival rate (P = 0.023), and can be identified as an independent prognostic factor in glioblastoma (P = 0.030). Moreover, cases with low NRP2 expression are easier for complete tumor resection (P = 0.038). In conclusion, the concurrent high expression of VEGF-C and NRP2 is predictive of the unfavorable prognosis in glioblastoma, indicating that the VEGF-C-NRP2 signaling pathway is a potential and promising drug target in glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City
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Kuo CY, Eranki A, Placone JK, Rhodes KR, Aranda-Espinoza H, Fernandes R, Fisher JP, Kim PCW. Development of a 3D Printed, Bioengineered Placenta Model to Evaluate the Role of Trophoblast Migration in Preeclampsia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1817-1826. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ying Kuo
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Sheikh
Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20010, United States
| | - Avinash Eranki
- Sheikh
Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20010, United States
| | - Jesse K. Placone
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kelly R. Rhodes
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Helim Aranda-Espinoza
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- Sheikh
Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20010, United States
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2121 I Street, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Sheikh
Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20010, United States
| | - Peter C. W. Kim
- Sheikh
Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20010, United States
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2121 I Street, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
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