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Isik Z, Leblebici A, Demir Karaman E, Karaca C, Ellidokuz H, Koc A, Ellidokuz EB, Basbinar Y. In silico identification of novel biomarkers for key players in transition from normal colon tissue to adenomatous polyps. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267973. [PMID: 35486660 PMCID: PMC9053805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyps of the colon are the most common neoplastic polyps. Although most of adenomatous polyps do not show malign transformation, majority of colorectal carcinomas originate from neoplastic polyps. Therefore, understanding of this transformation process would help in both preventive therapies and evaluation of malignancy risks. This study uncovers alterations in gene expressions as potential biomarkers that are revealed by integration of several network-based approaches. In silico analysis performed on a unified microarray cohort, which is covering 150 normal colon and adenomatous polyp samples. Significant gene modules were obtained by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene modules with similar profiles were mapped to a colon tissue specific functional interaction network. Several clustering algorithms run on the colon-specific network and the most significant sub-modules between the clusters were identified. The biomarkers were selected by filtering differentially expressed genes which also involve in significant biological processes and pathways. Biomarkers were also validated on two independent datasets based on their differential gene expressions. To the best of our knowledge, such a cascaded network analysis pipeline was implemented for the first time on a large collection of normal colon and polyp samples. We identified significant increases in TLR4 and MSX1 expressions as well as decrease in chemokine profiles with mostly pro-tumoral activities. These biomarkers might appear as both preventive targets and biomarkers for risk evaluation. As a result, this research proposes novel molecular markers that might be alternative to endoscopic approaches for diagnosis of adenomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Isik
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asım Leblebici
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Demir Karaman
- Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Karaca
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altug Koc
- Gentan Genetic Medical Genetics Diagnosis Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Berat Ellidokuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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The RNA-Binding Protein Musashi1 Regulates a Network of Cell Cycle Genes in Group 4 Medulloblastoma. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010056. [PMID: 35011618 PMCID: PMC8750343 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Treatment with surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy has improved survival in recent years, but patients are frequently left with devastating neurocognitive and other sequelae. Patients in molecular subgroups 3 and 4 still experience a high mortality rate. To identify new pathways contributing to medulloblastoma development and create new routes for therapy, we have been studying oncogenic RNA-binding proteins. We defined Musashi1 (Msi1) as one of the main drivers of medulloblastoma development. The high expression of Msi1 is prevalent in Group 4 and correlates with poor prognosis while its knockdown disrupted cancer-relevant phenotypes. Genomic analyses (RNA-seq and RIP-seq) indicated that cell cycle and division are the main biological categories regulated by Msi1 in Group 4 medulloblastoma. The most prominent Msi1 targets include CDK2, CDK6, CCND1, CDKN2A, and CCNA1. The inhibition of Msi1 with luteolin affected the growth of CHLA-01 and CHLA-01R Group 4 medulloblastoma cells and a synergistic effect was observed when luteolin and the mitosis inhibitor, vincristine, were combined. These findings indicate that a combined therapeutic strategy (Msi1 + cell cycle/division inhibitors) could work as an alternative to treat Group 4 medulloblastoma.
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Lu Y, Tang W, Wang X, Kang X, You J, Chen L. Development of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Based on DNA Methylation-Driven Genes for Patients with Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:10541-10555. [PMID: 35002309 PMCID: PMC8725853 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s341771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is a multifactorial disease, and its progression may be driven by abnormal genetic methylation. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and sensitive biomarkers for EC, this study used an integrated bioinformatic analysis to explore the methylation-driven genes of EC. Methods The mRNA expression data, methylation data and corresponding clinical information of EC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MethylMix algorithm was used to screen out methylation-driven genes in EC. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis were conducted to demonstrate the functions and interactions between these genes. Then, prognosis-related methylated genes were screened out by using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, and a prognostic risk assessment model for EC was constructed. The methylation sites and expression profiles of candidate genes were further investigated. Results A total of 127 methylated genes were identified in EC. Four genes (RP11-968O1.5, DCAF12L1, MSX1 and ALS2CR11) were selected as candidate genes to construct a reliable prognostic risk model. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the risk score based on four genes was an independent prognostic indicator for OS among EC patients. A nomogram was established and the calibration plot analysis indicated the good performance and clinical utility of the nomogram. In addition, the methylation and expression of MSX1 and DCAF12L1 were significantly associated with EC survival rate. The joint ROC analysis revealed that the AUC of DCAF12L1-MSX1 was 0.867, which suggested both have a good EC-diagnosing efficiency. We then coped DCAF12L1 and MSX1 with GESA analysis, finding both were mainly associated with the KRAS signaling pathway. Conclusion This bioinformatic study combs the methylated genes involved in EC development for the first time, finding that MSX1 and DCAF12L1 could serve as EC prognostic markers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichun Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liping Chen Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China Email
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Liu C, Huang M, Han C, Li H, Wang J, Huang Y, Chen Y, Zhu J, Fu G, Yu H, Lei Z, Chu X. A narrative review of the roles of muscle segment homeobox transcription factor family in cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:810. [PMID: 34268423 PMCID: PMC8246185 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of many homeobox genes has been observed in various cancers and has caused functional implications in the tumor progression. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the human muscle segment homeobox (MSX) transcription factor family in the process of tumorigenesis. The MSX transcription factors, through complex downstream regulation mechanisms, are promoters or inhibitors of diverse cancers by participating in cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell metastasis, cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, drug resistance of tumors, maintenance of tumor stemness, and tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, their upstream regulatory mechanisms in cancers may include: gene mutation and chromosome aberration; DNA methylation and chromatin modification; regulation by non-coding RNAs; regulation by other transcription factors and post-translational modification. These mechanisms may provide a better understanding of why MSX transcription factors are abnormally expressed in tumors. Notably, intermolecular interactions and post-translational modification can regulate the transcriptional activity of MSX transcription factors. It is also crucial to know what affects the transcriptional activity of MSX transcription factors in tumors for possible interventions in them in the future. This systematic summary of the regulatory patterns of the MSX transcription factor family may help to further understand the mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation and also provide new therapeutic approaches for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gongbo Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Shahcheraghi SH, Tchokonte-Nana V, Lotfi M, Lotfi M, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR. Wnt/beta-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma: Two Main Targets for Drug Design: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1729-1741. [PMID: 32003685 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200131100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant astrocytic glioma, accounting for about 90% of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and the improved neuroimaging technologies, surgery, and adjuvant treatments, the clinical prognosis of patients with GBM remains persistently unfavorable. The signaling pathways and the regulation of growth factors of glioblastoma cells are very abnormal. The various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in cellular proliferation, invasion, and glioma metastasis. The Wnt signaling pathway with its pleiotropic functions in neurogenesis and stem cell proliferation is implicated in various human cancers, including glioma. In addition, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is closely related to growth, metabolism, survival, angiogenesis, autophagy, and chemotherapy resistance of GBM. Understanding the mechanisms of GBM's invasion, represented by invasion and migration, is an important tool in designing effective therapeutic interventions. This review will investigate two main signaling pathways in GBM: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H Shahcheraghi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Venant Tchokonte-Nana
- Comparative Anatomy, Experimental Anatomopathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhu R, Yang X, Guo W, Xu XJ, Zhu L. An eight-mRNA signature predicts the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7836. [PMID: 31660264 PMCID: PMC6814068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers, and its histopathological type is mainly bladder urothelial carcinoma, accounting for about 90%. The prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer are classified into clinical features biomarkers and molecular biomarkers. Nevertheless, due to the existence of individual specificity, patients with similar pathological characteristics still have great differences in the risk of disease recurrence. Therefore, it is often inaccurate to predict the survival status of patients based on clinical characteristic biomarkers, and a prognostic molecular biomarker that can grade the risk of bladder cancer patients is needed. Methods A total of three bladder urothelial carcinoma datasets were used in this study from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database. In order to avoid overfitting, all samples were randomly divided into one training set and three validation sets, which were used to construct and test the prognostic biomarker model of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen candidate mRNAs and construct prognostic biomarkers model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. Results A prognostic biomarker model of bladder urothelial carcinoma combining with eight mRNA was constructed. Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that a significant difference in the survival time of patients between the high-risk and the low-risk group. The area under the ROC curve were 0.632 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.541-0.723]), 0.693 (95% CI [0.601-0.784]) and 0.686 (95% CI [0.540-0.831]) when the model was used to predict the patient's survival time in three validation datasets. The model showed high accuracy and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Jian Xu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liucun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Chen H, Lu Q, Chen C, Di Y, Li Y, Min W, Yu Z, Dai D. β-catenin regulates effects of miR-24 on the viability and autophagy of glioma cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1285-1290. [PMID: 31316620 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the β-catenin gene are common in various cancer types. MicroRNA (miR)-24 suppresses gene expression during the cell cycle. However, the effects of miR-24 on the cell viability and autophagy of glioma cells, and how these biological processes are regulated by β-catenin are largely unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of β-catenin in regulating the effects of miR-24 on the cell viability and autophagy of glioma cells. The expression levels of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Glioma C6 cells were transfected with miR-24 mimics, miR-24 inhibitors and negative control miRNAs. C6 cells transfected with miR-24 mimics or negative control miRNAs were treated with the β-catenin inhibitor, XAV-939. An MTT assay was utilized to evaluate the viability of C6 cells. The expression of miR-24 and mRNA expression of autophagy related 4a cysteine peptidase (ATG4A) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The protein expression of LC3B and Beclin1 decreased significantly in glioma tissue and glioma C6 cells compared with normal brain tissue. Compared with the negative control group, C6 cells transfected with miR-24 mimics exhibited significantly higher cell viability at 24 and 48 h, and those transfected with miR-24 inhibitors exhibited significantly lower cell viability at 48 h. XAV-939 decreased the stimulatory effects of miR-24 mimics on the viability of C6 cells. The expression of miR-24 significantly decreased and ATG4A mRNA significantly increased in C6 cells transfected with XAV-939 compared with those transfected with the negative control miRNA. XAV-939 attenuated the miR-24-induced decrease of the protein expression of LC3B and Beclin1, and decreased the stimulatory effects of miR-24 mimics on cell viability. In addition, XAV-939 attenuated the miR-24-induced decrease of autophagy marker expression by attenuating miR-24 expression and increasing ATG4A mRNA expression in glioma C6 cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate whether β-catenin regulates the intracellular effects of miR-24 on the viability and autophagy of glioma cells. The results also provide some mechanistic basis to the pharmaceutical targeting of WNT signaling in high grade glial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yunhai Di
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ya'Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, MacLeod RAF, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, Fähnrich S, Drexler HG. Deregulated expression of NKL homeobox genes in T-cell lymphomas. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3227-3247. [PMID: 31143370 PMCID: PMC6524933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have presented a scheme, termed "NKL-code", which describes physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and in lymphopoiesis including main stages of T-, B- and NK-cell development. Aberrant activity of these genes underlies the generation of hematological malignancies notably T-cell leukemia. Here, we searched for deregulated NKL homeobox genes in main entities of T-cell lymphomas comprising angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL), NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Our data revealed altogether 19 aberrantly overexpressed genes in these types, demonstrating deregulated NKL homeobox genes involvement in T-cell lymphomas as well. For detailed analysis we focused on NKL homeobox gene MSX1 which is normally expressed in NK-cells. MSX1 was overexpressed in subsets of HSTL patients and HSTL-derived sister cell lines DERL-2 and DERL-7 which served as models to characterize mechanisms of deregulation. We performed karyotyping, genomic and expression profiling, and whole genome sequencing to reveal mutated and deregulated gene candidates, including the fusion gene CD53-PDGFRB. Subsequent knockdown experiments allowed the reconstruction of an aberrant network involved in MSX1 deregulation, including chromatin factors AUTS2 and mutated histone HIST1H3B(K27M). The gene encoding AUTS2 is located at chromosome 7q11 and may represent a basic target of the HSTL hallmark aberration i(7q). Taken together, our findings highlight an oncogenic role for deregulated NKL homeobox genes in T-cell lymphoma and identify MSX1 as a novel player in HSTL, implicated in aberrant NK- and T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Fähnrich
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Drosophila Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase (Hipk) Phosphorylates the Homeodomain Proteins Homeobrain, Empty Spiracles, and Muscle Segment Homeobox. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081931. [PMID: 31010135 PMCID: PMC6515119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk) is the fly representative of the well-conserved group of HIPKs in vertebrates. It was initially found through its characteristic interactions with homeodomain proteins. Hipk is involved in a variety of important developmental processes, such as the development of the eye or the nervous system. In the present study, we set Hipk and the Drosophila homeodomain proteins Homeobrain (Hbn), Empty spiracles (Ems), and Muscle segment homeobox (Msh) in an enzyme-substrate relationship. These homeoproteins are transcription factors that function during Drosophila neurogenesis and are, at least in part, conserved in vertebrates. We reveal a physical interaction between Hipk and the three homeodomain proteins in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). In the course of in vitro phosphorylation analysis and subsequent mutational analysis we mapped several Hipk phosphorylation sites of Hbn, Ems, and Msh. The phosphorylation of Hbn, Ems, and Msh may provide further insight into the function of Hipk during development of the Drosophila nervous system.
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He L, Zhou H, Zeng Z, Yao H, Jiang W, Qu H. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling cascade: A promising target for glioma therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2217-2228. [PMID: 30277583 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of RadiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
- Learning Key Laboratory for PharmacoproteomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Zhiqing Zeng
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Hailun Yao
- Department of Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and BiologyHengyang China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Hongtao Qu
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Ziberi S, Carluccio M, Iorio PD, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. The Role of Wnt Signal in Glioblastoma Development and Progression: A Possible New Pharmacological Target for the Therapy of This Tumor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020105. [PMID: 29462960 PMCID: PMC5852601 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt is a complex signaling pathway involved in the regulation of crucial biological functions such as development, proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells, mainly stem cells, which are virtually present in all embryonic and adult tissues. Conversely, dysregulation of Wnt signal is implicated in development/progression/invasiveness of different kinds of tumors, wherein a certain number of multipotent cells, namely “cancer stem cells”, are characterized by high self-renewal and aggressiveness. Hence, the pharmacological modulation of Wnt pathway could be of particular interest, especially in tumors for which the current standard therapy results to be unsuccessful. This might be the case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one of the most lethal, aggressive and recurrent brain cancers, probably due to the presence of highly malignant GBM stem cells (GSCs) as well as to a dysregulation of Wnt system. By examining the most recent literature, here we point out several factors in the Wnt pathway that are altered in human GBM and derived GSCs, as well as new molecular strategies or experimental drugs able to modulate/inhibit aberrant Wnt signal. Altogether, these aspects serve to emphasize the existence of alternative pharmacological targets that may be useful to develop novel therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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12
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Yue Y, Yuan Y, Li L, Fan J, Li C, Peng W, Ren G. Homeobox protein MSX1 inhibits the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells and is frequently silenced by promoter methylation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2986-2996. [PMID: 29436596 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) has been identified to be associated with multiple human malignant neoplasms. However, the association of the expression and biological function of MSX1 with breast tumorigenesis, and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Therefore, the present study examined the expression and promoter methylation of MSX1 in breast tumor cell lines, primary breast tumors and normal breast tissues using semi-quantitative, quantitative and methylation-specific reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. Colony formation assays, flow cytometric analysis, and wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess various functions of MSX1. Western blot analyses were also conducted to explore the mechanism of MSX1. The results revealed that MSX1 was broadly expressed in normal human tissues, including breast tissues, but was frequently downregulated or silenced in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors by promoter methylation. Methylation of the MSX1 promoter was observed in 7/9 (77.8%) breast cancer cell lines and 47/99 (47.5%) primary tumors, but not in normal breast tissues or surgical margin tissues, suggesting that tumor-specific methylation of MSX1 occurs in breast cancer. Pharmacological demethylation reduced MSX1 promoter methylation levels and restored the expression of MSX1. The ectopic expression of MSX1, induced by transfection with a lentiviral vector, significantly inhibited the clonogenicity, proliferation, migration and invasion of breast tumor cells by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Ectopic MSX1 expression also inhibited the expression of active β-catenin and its downstream targets c-Myc and cyclin D1, and also increased the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In conclusion, MSX1 exerts tumor-suppressive functions by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast tumorigenesis. Its methylation may be used as an epigenetic biomarker for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jiangxia Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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13
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Liu G, Yan T, Li X, Sun J, Zhang B, Wang H, Zhu Y. Daam1 activates RhoA to regulate Wnt5a‑induced glioblastoma cell invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:465-472. [PMID: 29207169 PMCID: PMC5783613 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway of dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) triggered by Wnt5a drives cell movement and migration during breast cancer metastasis. However, Wnt5a signaling in glioblastoma progression remains poorly defined. Wnt5a expression and activations of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 were detected in human glioblastoma tissues by using ELISA assays and small G-protein activation assays, respectively. The cell invasion rate and Daam1 activation of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells were determined by cell invasion assays and pull-down assays, respectively. According to our experiments, Wnt5a expression and RhoA activation were upregulated in invasive glioblastoma tissues, with a significant positive correlation between them. Wnt5a activated Daam1 and RhoA, and subsequently promoted the invasion of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells. This process was abolished by secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), an antagonist that directly binds to Wnt5a. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Daam1 markedly inhibited Wnt5a-induced RhoA activation, stress fiber formation and glioblastoma cell invasion. CCG-1423, a RhoA inhibitor, decreased Wnt5a-induced stress fiber formation and glioblastoma cell invasion. Finally, siRNA targeting Daam1 or CCG-1423 treatment did not alter the cell proliferation of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells. We thus concluded that Wnt5a promoted glioblastoma cell invasion via Daam1/RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drugs of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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14
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Duma CM, Kim BS, Chen PV, Plunkett ME, Mackintosh R, Mathews MS, Casserly RM, Mendez GA, Furman DJ, Smith G, Oh N, Caraway CA, Sanathara AR, Dillman RO, Riley AS, Weiland D, Stemler L, Cannell R, Abrams DA, Smith A, Owen CM, Eisenberg B, Brant-Zawadzki M. Upfront boost Gamma Knife “leading-edge” radiosurgery to FLAIR MRI–defined tumor migration pathways in 174 patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a 15-year assessment of a novel therapy. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:40-49. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.7.gks161460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is composed of cells that migrate through the brain along predictable white matter pathways. Targeting white matter pathways adjacent to, and leading away from, the original contrast-enhancing tumor site (termed leading-edge radiosurgery [LERS]) with single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery as a boost to standard therapy could limit the spread of glioma cells and improve clinical outcomes.METHODSBetween December 2000 and May 2016, after an initial diagnosis of GBM and prior to or during standard radiation therapy and carmustine or temozolomide chemotherapy, 174 patients treated with radiosurgery to the leading edge (LE) of tumor cell migration were reviewed. The LE was defined as a region outside the contrast-enhancing tumor nidus, defined by FLAIR MRI. The median age of patients was 59 years (range 22–87 years). Patients underwent LERS a median of 18 days from original diagnosis. The median target volume of 48.5 cm3 (range 2.5–220.0 cm3) of LE tissue was targeted using a median dose of 8 Gy (range 6–14 Gy) at the 50% isodose line.RESULTSThe median overall survival was 23 months (mean 43 months) from diagnosis. The 2-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year actual overall survival rates after LERS were 39%, 26%, 16%, 10%, and 4%, respectively. Nine percent of patients developed treatment-related imaging-documented changes due to LERS. Nineteen percent of patients were hospitalized for management of edema, 22% for resection of a tumor cyst or new tumor bulk, and 2% for shunting to treat hydrocephalus throughout the course of their disease. Of the patients still alive, Karnofsky Performance Scale scores remained stable in 90% of patients and decreased by 1–3 grades in 10% due to symptomatic treatment-related imaging changes.CONCLUSIONSLERS is a safe and effective upfront adjunctive therapy for patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Limitations of this study include a single-center experience and single-institution determination of the LE tumor target. Use of a leading-edge calculation algorithm will be described to achieve a consistent approach to defining the LE target for general use. A multicenter trial will further elucidate its value in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian S. Kim
- 2Cancer Center, and
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach
| | - Peter V. Chen
- 2Cancer Center, and
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach
| | - Marianne E. Plunkett
- 2Cancer Center, and
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach
| | - Ralph Mackintosh
- 2Cancer Center, and
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach
| | - Marlon S. Mathews
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathan Oh
- 1Neurosciences Institute,
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexa Smith
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange; and
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15
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Chen LT, Hu MM, Xu ZS, Liu Y, Shu HB. MSX1 Modulates RLR-Mediated Innate Antiviral Signaling by Facilitating Assembly of TBK1-Associated Complexes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:199-207. [PMID: 27194789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of viral dsRNA by the retinoic acid-inducible gene-1-like receptors (RLRs) triggers signaling cascades that lead to activation of the TBK1 kinase and transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3, induction of downstream antiviral genes, and innate antiviral responses. In this study, we identified muscle segment homeobox1 (MSX1) as an important modulator of RLR-mediated signaling pathways. Knockdown or knockout of MSX1 significantly impaired Sendai virus-triggered activation of TBK1 and IFN regulatory factor 3, induction of downstream antiviral genes, and cellular antiviral responses. Interestingly, MSX1 was translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm, particularly mitochondria upon infection of Sendai virus. Biochemcially, MSX1 was important for assembly of TBK1/IKK-related kinase-associated protein 1/TNFR-associated factor-associated NF-κB activator complexes. Our results suggest that MSX1 is an important component of RLR-mediated signaling and reveal mechanisms on innate immune responses against RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Ting Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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