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Hoch CC, Stögbauer F, Wollenberg B. Unraveling the Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112886. [PMID: 37296849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is considered a challenging malignancy; it is characterized by a slow-growing nature, yet a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, presenting significant hurdles in its treatment and management. At present, there are no approved targeted agents available for the management of SACC and systemic chemotherapy protocols that have demonstrated efficacy remain to be elucidated. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process that is closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis, enabling epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal properties, including increased mobility and invasiveness. Several molecular signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of EMT in SACC, and understanding these mechanisms is crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets and developing more effective treatment approaches. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of EMT in SACC, including the molecular pathways and biomarkers involved in EMT regulation. By highlighting the most recent findings, this review offers insights into potential new therapeutic strategies that could improve the management of SACC patients, especially those with recurrent or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
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Liu Y, Song J, Gu J, Xu S, Wang X, Liu Y. The Role of BTBD7 in Normal Development and Tumor Progression. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231167732. [PMID: 37050886 PMCID: PMC10102955 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231167732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 (BTBD7) has a relative molecular weight of 126KD and contains two conserved BTB/POZ protein sequences. BTBD7 has been shown to play an essential role in normal human development, precancerous lesions, heat-stress response, and tumor progression. BTBD7 promotes branching morphogenesis during development and participates in the salivary gland, lung, and tooth formation. Furthermore, many studies have shown that aberrant expression of BTBD7 promotes heat stress response and the progression of precancerous lesions. BTBD7 has also been found to play an important role in cancer. High expression of BTBD7 affects tumor progression by regulating multiple pathways. Therefore, a complete understanding of BTBD7 is crucial for exploring human development and tumor progression. This paper reviews the research progress of BTBD7, which lays a foundation for the application of BTBD7 in regenerative medicine and as a biomarker for tumor prediction or potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiwu Song
- Weifang People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianchang Gu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Liu Q, Ma Z, Cao Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Liu T, Li J. Perineural invasion-associated biomarkers for tumor development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113691. [PMID: 36095958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is the process of neoplastic invasion of peripheral nerves and is considered to be the fifth mode of cancer metastasis. PNI has been detected in head and neck tumors and pancreatic, prostate, bile duct, gastric, and colorectal cancers. It leads to poor prognostic outcomes and high local recurrence rates. Despite the increasing number of studies on PNI, targeted therapeutic modalities have not been proposed. The identification of PNI-related biomarkers would facilitate the non-invasive and early diagnosis of cancers, the establishment of prognostic panels, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we compile information on the molecular mediators involved in PNI-associated cancers. The expression and prognostic significance of molecular mediators and their receptors in PNI-associated cancers are analyzed, and the possible mechanisms of action of these mediators in PNI are explored, as well as the association of cells in the microenvironment where PNI occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Mukherjee A, Ha P, Wai KC, Naara S. The Role of ECM Remodeling, EMT, and Adhesion Molecules in Cancerous Neural Invasion: Changing Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200039. [PMID: 35798312 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) refers to the cancerous invasion of nerves. It provides an alternative route for metastatic invasion and can exist independently in the absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion. It is a prominent characteristic of specific aggressive malignancies where it correlates with poor prognosis. The clinical significance of PNI is widely recognized despite a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. The interaction between the nerve and the cancer cells is the most pivotal PNI step which is mediated by the activation or inhibition of multiple signaling pathways that include chemokines, interleukins, nerve growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, to name a few. The nerve-cancer cell interaction brings about specific changes in the perineural niche, which not only affects the regular nerve functions, but also enhances the migratory, invasive, and adherent properties of the tumor cells. This review aims to elucidate the vital role of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and epithelial-mesenchymal proteins that promote PNI, which may serve as therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics and Developmental BiologyRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
| | - Patrick Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Katherine C Wai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Shorook Naara
- Department of Genetics and Developmental BiologyRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Belulescu IC, Mărgăritescu C, Dumitrescu CI, Munteanu MC, Dăguci L, Mărgăritescu OC, Matei M. The immunophenotype of epithelial to mesenchymal transition inducing transcription factors in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinomas. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:769-782. [PMID: 33817718 PMCID: PMC8112789 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common malignant salivary glands neoplasms with a controversial biological behavior. Even though these tumors grow slowly, they have increased potential for recurrence and distant metastasis. In order to elucidate this behavior, our study aimed to investigate the immunoexpression in such tumors of the most important transcriptional factors [Twist, Snail, Slug, and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)] involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process. The highest level of expression was recorded for Twist, present in all the investigated cases, followed by the Slug and Snail, while no tumor parenchyma reactivity was noticed for the ZEB1 factor. There were tumor reactivity differences regarding topography, histopathological variant, and nerve and lymph node invasion status. Thus, tumors developed from the intraoral minor salivary glands, with solid pattern, perineural invasion, locally aggressive and with lymph node metastasis were the most reactive. Therefore, these transcription factors could be useful as prognostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic targets in such salivary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Cristiana Belulescu
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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Koutlas IG, Dolan M, Lingen MW, Argyris PP. Plasmacytoid cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma: an alternative interpretation of their immunohistochemical characteristics highlights function and capability for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:515-529. [PMID: 31400990 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasmacytoid cells (PLCs) in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) are regarded as modified neoplastic myoepithelia and define plasmacytoid myoepithelioma (pMYO). However, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, PLCs fail to demonstrate frank myogenous properties. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may explain the phenotypes in SPA. Our aim was to evaluate (1) PLCs with accepted or purported myoepithelial and EMT-related markers; and (2) pMYOs for PLAG1 aberrations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. STUDY DESIGN Eight SPAs with or without PLC-predominance and 3 pMYOs were immunohistochemically studied. RESULTS PLCs in SPA and pMYO exhibited strong, scattered to diffuse positivity for K7, rare K14 positivity and were mostly negative for α-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and p63/p40. S100 staining was strong and diffuse, whereas calponin was variable. DOG1 was negative. PLCs in pMYO and PLC-rich SPA exhibited selective or diffuse WT1 and D2-40 immunoreactivity. EMT markers SNAIL/SLUG exhibited strong and variable immunoreactivity in PLCs in contrast to weak or absent E-cadherin expression. SOX10 was diffusely and strongly positive. PLAG1 rearrangement was present in 1 pMYO. CONCLUSIONS PLCs mostly fail to express myoepithelial markers; PLCs are neoplastic cells adapting to microenvironmental changes and capable of EMT; and tumors composed solely of PLCs are apparently SPAs depleted of a ductal component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Koutlas
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Michelle Dolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prokopios P Argyris
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ma C, Gao T, Ju J, Zhang Y, Ni Q, Li Y, Zhao Z, Chai J, Yang X, Sun M. Sympathetic innervation contributes to perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via the β2-adrenergic receptor. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1475-1495. [PMID: 30863115 PMCID: PMC6391132 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Perineural invasion (PNI) is reported to correlate with local recurrence and poor prognosis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). However, the pathogenesis of PNI remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between sympathetic innervation and SACC PNI and to elucidate how the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) regulates the PNI process. Materials and methods Sympathetic innervation and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) expression in SACC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The NE concentrations in SACC tissues and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) coculture models were measured by ELISA. β2-AR expression in SACC cells was detected by performing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay. SACC cells were treated with NE, the nonselective α-AR blocker phentolamine, the β2-AR antagonist ICI118,551, or were transfected with β2-AR small interfering RNA (siRNA). Proliferation was evaluated in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and migration was evaluated in Transwell assay and wound-healing assay. PNI was tested through both Transwell assay and a DRG coculture model. The expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured by performing qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. Results Sympathetic innervation and β2-AR were highly distributed in SACC tissues and correlated positively with PNI (P=0.035 and P=0.003, respectively). The sympathetic neurotransmitter NE was overexpressed in SACC tissues and DRG coculture models. Exogenously added NE promoted proliferation, migration, and PNI of SACC cells via β2-AR activation. NE/β2-AR signaling may promote proliferation, migration, and PNI by inducing EMT and upregulating MMPs. However, β2-AR inhibition with either an antagonist or siRNA abrogated NE-induced PNI. Conclusion Collectively, our findings reveal the supportive role of sympathetic innervation in the pathogenesis of SACC PNI and suggest β2-AR as a potential therapeutic target for treating PNI in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
| | - Tao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, .,Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Yu Lin, Yu Lin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Ju
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianwei Ni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
| | - Zhenyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
| | - Juan Chai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
| | - Moyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
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Intraoral Cutaneous Hamartomas-Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of 3 Cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:794-798. [PMID: 30702455 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intraoral cutaneous hamartomas (ICHs) are uncommon mucosal lesions characterized microscopically by a combination of cutaneous structures, including various stages of follicular and sebaceous elements. Due to their rarity, the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical attributes of ICHs have not been thoroughly delineated. Three cases of ICH were identified from our records, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor, p63, factor XIIIα, and CD34. All 3 ICHs involved the buccal mucosa with an M:F ratio = 2:1 and mean age = 42.3 years (age range: 27-61 years). ICHs presented as thickened, painless, white and yellow plaques or nodules of long duration, measuring 0.6-1.5 cm. No history of skin graft in the area of the lesions was reported. Histopathologically, the lesions showed aggregates of rudimentary folliculosebaceous structures. Although well-defined piloerector muscles were present in all cases of ICH, bona fide hair follicles and isolated hair shafts were identified only in 1 case. The overlying oral epithelium exhibited epidermis-like morphological features, while inflammation was generally absent. Immunohistochemically, strong and diffuse nuclear staining for androgen receptor and factor XIIIα was observed in the sebaceous glands, and estrogen receptor and p63 reactivity were confined exclusively to the peripheral basal cells, while progesterone receptor staining was negative in ICHs. CD34 diffusely decorated the lesional stroma. In conclusion, ICH is a rare lesion composed of cutaneous elements in an abnormal location. A predilection for the buccal mucosa is reported in the current study.
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Yang L, Wang T, Zhang J, Wang X. BTBD7 silencing inhibited epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) via regulating Slug expression in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 20:461-468. [PMID: 28946551 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
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Wang P, Voronkova M, Luanpitpong S, He X, Riedel H, Dinu CZ, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y. Induction of Slug by Chronic Exposure to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Promotes Tumor Formation and Metastasis. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1396-1405. [PMID: 28598615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent a major class of engineered nanomaterials that are being used in diverse fields. However, their use has increasingly become a concern because of their carcinogenic potential. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that certain types of CNTs are carcinogenic or tumor-promoting in animal models. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that chronic exposure to single-walled (SW) CNTs results in the induction of Slug, a key transcription factor that induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in human lung epithelial cells. We show that SWCNT-induced Slug upregulation plays a critical role in the aggressive phenotype of SWCNT-exposed cells, which includes increased cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent cell growth. Our in vivo studies also show that SWCNT-induced Slug upregulation and EMT activation play a pivotal role in tumor formation and metastasis. Our findings illustrate a direct link between CNT-induced Slug upregulation, EMT activation, and tumor formation and metastasis, and they highlight the potential of CNT-induced Slug upregulation as a target for future risk assessment and prevention of CNT-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Liying Wang
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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Li R, Dong T, Hu C, Lu J, Dai J, Liu P. Salinomycin repressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via downregulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1317-1325. [PMID: 28280366 PMCID: PMC5338937 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage and have distant metastasis ultimately. Salinomycin has been demonstrated to reduce invasive capacity of multiple tumor cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinomycin on EOC cells. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and Boyden chamber assays showed that salinomycin could effectively reduce the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells. The western blot assay showed that salinomycin could increase the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and Keratin) while decrease the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) in a dose-dependent manner. These results were ascertained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Besides, salinomycin could downregulate the expression of proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and repress the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. It was also shown that salinomycin could reverse the aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway induced by GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763). Our results revealed that salinomycin could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells. In addition, the inhibitive effect of salinomycin on the invasive ability was mediated by repressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which may be achieved through its inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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