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Papin M, Fontaine D, Goupille C, Figiel S, Domingo I, Pinault M, Guimaraes C, Guyon N, Cartron PF, Emond P, Lefevre A, Gueguinou M, Crottès D, Jaffrès PA, Ouldamer L, Maheo K, Fromont G, Potier-Cartereau M, Bougnoux P, Chantôme A, Vandier C. Endogenous ether lipids differentially promote tumor aggressiveness by regulating the SK3 channel. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100544. [PMID: 38642894 PMCID: PMC11127165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
SK3 channels are potassium channels found to promote tumor aggressiveness. We have previously demonstrated that SK3 is regulated by synthetic ether lipids, but the role of endogenous ether lipids is unknown. Here, we have studied the role of endogenous alkyl- and alkenyl-ether lipids on SK3 channels and on the biology of cancer cells. Experiments revealed that the suppression of alkylglycerone phosphate synthase or plasmanylethanolamine desaturase 1, which are key enzymes for alkyl- and alkenyl-ether-lipid synthesis, respectively, decreased SK3 expression by increasing micro RNA (miR)-499 and miR-208 expression, leading to a decrease in SK3-dependent calcium entry, cell migration, and matrix metalloproteinase 9-dependent cell adhesion and invasion. We identified several ether lipids that promoted SK3 expression and found a differential role of alkyl- and alkenyl-ether lipids on SK3 activity. The expressions of alkylglycerone phosphate synthase, SK3, and miR were associated in clinical samples emphasizing the clinical consistency of our observations. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that ether lipids differentially control tumor aggressiveness by regulating an ion channel. This insight provides new possibilities for therapeutic interventions, offering clinicians an opportunity to manipulate ion channel dysfunction by adjusting the composition of ether lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Papin
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Delphine Fontaine
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Sandy Figiel
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Domingo
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Guimaraes
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nina Guyon
- CRCINA-INSERM 1232, Equipe « Apoptose et Progression tumorale », Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Emond
- iBrain, UMR 1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, Tours, France; Nuclear medicine in vitro department, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Lefevre
- iBrain, UMR 1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maxime Gueguinou
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Crottès
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- Laboratoire Chimie Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), UMR 6521, CNRS, University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Karine Maheo
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France; Department of Pathology, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Bougnoux
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Niche, Nutrition, Cancer & Oxidative metabolism (N2COx), UMR 1069, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France.
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Dupuy M, Gueguinou M, Potier-Cartereau M, Lézot F, Papin M, Chantôme A, Rédini F, Vandier C, Verrecchia F. SK Ca- and Kv1-type potassium channels and cancer: Promising therapeutic targets? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115774. [PMID: 37678626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane structures that allow the passage of ions across cell membranes such as the plasma membrane or the membranes of various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria. Aberrant expression of various ion channels has been demonstrated in several tumor cells, leading to the promotion of key functions in tumor development, such as cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The link between ion channels and these key biological functions that promote tumor development has led to the classification of cancers as oncochannelopathies. Among all ion channels, the most varied and numerous, forming the largest family, are the potassium channels, with over 70 genes encoding them in humans. In this context, this review will provide a non-exhaustive overview of the role of plasma membrane potassium channels in cancer, describing 1) the nomenclature and structure of potassium channels, 2) the role of these channels in the control of biological functions that promotes tumor development such as proliferation, migration and cell death, and 3) the role of two particular classes of potassium channels, the SKCa- and Kv1- type potassium channels in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Dupuy
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Frédéric Lézot
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR933, Hôpital Trousseau (AP-HP), Paris F-75012, France
| | - Marion Papin
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Françoise Rédini
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Franck Verrecchia
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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Vasileva VY, Khairullina ZM, Sudarikova AV, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin VI. Role of Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:583. [PMID: 37367787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) are important participants in calcium signaling pathways due to their ability to be activated by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. KCa channels are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in both normal and pathophysiological conditions, including oncotransformation. Previously, using patch-clamp, we registered the KCa currents in the plasma membrane of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells, whose activity was controlled by local Ca2+ entry via mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channels. Here, we performed the molecular and functional identification of KCa channels and have uncovered their role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of K562 cells. Using a combined approach, we identified the functional activity of SK2, SK3 and IK channels in the plasma membrane of the cells. Selective SK and IK channel inhibitors, apamin and TRAM-34, respectively, reduced the proliferative, migratory and invasive capabilities of human myeloid leukemia cells. At the same time, the viability of K562 cells was not affected by KCa channel inhibitors. Ca2+ imaging showed that both SK and IK channel inhibitors affect Ca2+ entry and this could underlie the observed suppression of pathophysiological reactions of K562 cells. Our data imply that SK/IK channel inhibitors could be used to slow down the proliferation and spreading of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells that express functionally active KCa channels in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Y Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zuleikha M Khairullina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sudarikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Tiffner A, Hopl V, Derler I. CRAC and SK Channels: Their Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Cancer Cell Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010101. [PMID: 36612099 PMCID: PMC9817886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a major health burden worldwide. Several molecular targets have been discovered alongside treatments with positive clinical outcomes. However, the reoccurrence of cancer due to therapy resistance remains the primary cause of mortality. Endeavors in pinpointing new markers as molecular targets in cancer therapy are highly desired. The significance of the co-regulation of Ca2+-permeating and Ca2+-regulated ion channels in cancer cell development, proliferation, and migration make them promising molecular targets in cancer therapy. In particular, the co-regulation of the Orai1 and SK3 channels has been well-studied in breast and colon cancer cells, where it finally leads to an invasion-metastasis cascade. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered, such as which key molecular components determine and regulate their interplay. To provide a solid foundation for a better understanding of this ion channel co-regulation in cancer, we first shed light on the physiological role of Ca2+ and how this ion is linked to carcinogenesis. Then, we highlight the structure/function relationship of Orai1 and SK3, both individually and in concert, their role in the development of different types of cancer, and aspects that are not yet known in this context.
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Stevens MT, Saunders BM. Targets and regulation of microRNA-652-3p in homoeostasis and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:755-769. [PMID: 33712860 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
microRNA are small non-coding RNA molecules which inhibit gene expression by binding mRNA, preventing its translation. As important regulators of gene expression, there is increasing interest in microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Studies investigating the role of one of the miRNA-miR-652-3p-detail diverse roles for this miRNA in normal cell homoeostasis and disease states, including cancers, cardiovascular disease, mental health, and central nervous system diseases. Here, we review recent literature surrounding miR-652-3p, discussing its known target genes and their relevance to disease progression. These studies demonstrate that miR-652-3p targets LLGL1 and ZEB1 to modulate cell polarity mechanisms, with impacts on cancer metastasis and asymmetric cell division. Inhibition of the NOTCH ligand JAG1 by miR-652-3p can have diverse effects on angiogenesis and immune cell regulation. Investigation of miR-652-3p and other dysregulated miRNAs identified a number of pathways potentially regulated by miR-652-3p. This review demonstrates that miR-652-3p has great promise as a diagnostic or therapeutic target due to its activity across multiple cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T Stevens
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Saunders
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Galanis A, Salek K, Euston SR, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Surface Active Agents and Their Health-Promoting Properties: Molecules of Multifunctional Significance. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E688. [PMID: 32708243 PMCID: PMC7407150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface active agents (SAAs) are molecules with the capacity to adsorb to solid surfaces and/or fluid interfaces, a property that allows them to act as multifunctional ingredients (e.g., wetting and dispersion agents, emulsifiers, foaming and anti-foaming agents, lubricants, etc.) in a widerange of the consumer products of various industrial sectors (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care, detergents, food, etc.). Given their widespread utilization, there is a continuously growing interest to explore their role in consumer products (relevant to promoting human health) and how such information can be utilized in order to synthesize better chemical derivatives. In this review article, weaimed to provide updated information on synthetic and biological (biosurfactants) SAAs and their health-promoting properties (e.g., anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-aging) in an attempt to better define some of the underlying mechanism(s) by which they exert such properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariel Klavaris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Stephen R. Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
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SK channel activation potentiates auranofin-induced cell death in glio- and neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113714. [PMID: 31738894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumours are among the deadliest tumours being highly resistant to currently available therapies. The proliferative behaviour of gliomas is strongly influenced by ion channel activity. Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK/KCa) channels are a family of ion channels that are associated with cell proliferation and cell survival. A combined treatment of classical anti-cancer agents and pharmacological SK channel modulators has not been addressed yet. We used the gold-derivative auranofin to induce cancer cell death by targeting thioredoxin reductases in combination with CyPPA to activate SK channels in neuro- and glioblastoma cells. Combined treatment with auranofin and CyPPA induced massive mitochondrial damage and potentiated auranofin-induced toxicity in neuroblastoma cells in vitro. In particular, mitochondrial integrity, respiration and associated energy generation were impaired. These findings were recapitulated in patient-derived glioblastoma neurospheres yet not observed in non-cancerous HT22 cells. Taken together, integrating auranofin and SK channel openers to affect mitochondrial health was identified as a promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer agents and potentially overcome resistance.
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Cantonero C, Sanchez-Collado J, Gonzalez-Nuñez MA, Salido GM, Lopez JJ, Jardin I, Rosado JA. Store-independent Orai1-mediated Ca 2+ entry and cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:1-7. [PMID: 30921687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ channels play an important role in the development of different types of cancer, and considerable progress has been made to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of Ca2+ influx in the development of different cancer hallmarks. Orai1 is among the most ubiquitous and multifunctional Ca2+ channels. Orai1 mediates the highly Ca2+-selective Ca2+ release-activated current (ICRAC) and participates in the less Ca2+-selective store-operated current (ISOC), along with STIM1 or STIM1 and TRPC1, respectively. Furthermore, Orai1 contributes to a variety of store-independent Ca2+ influx mechanisms, including the arachidonate-regulated Ca2+ current, together with Orai3 and the plasma membrane resident pool of STIM1, as well as the constitutive Ca2+ influx processes activated by the secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase-2 (SPCA2) or supported by physical and functional interaction with the small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel 3 (SK3) or the voltage-dependent Kv10.1 channel. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the store-independent mechanisms of Ca2+ influx activation through Orai1 channels and their role in the development of different cancer features.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cantonero
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - J Sanchez-Collado
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - M A Gonzalez-Nuñez
- Pathology Service, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - G M Salido
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - J J Lopez
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - I Jardin
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - J A Rosado
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
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Guo Y, Perez AA, Hazelett DJ, Coetzee GA, Rhie SK, Farnham PJ. CRISPR-mediated deletion of prostate cancer risk-associated CTCF loop anchors identifies repressive chromatin loops. Genome Biol 2018; 19:160. [PMID: 30296942 PMCID: PMC6176514 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 loci associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, most of which are in non-coding regions of the genome. Understanding the function of these non-coding risk loci is critical to elucidate the genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. RESULTS We generate genome-wide regulatory element maps and performed genome-wide chromosome confirmation capture assays (in situ Hi-C) in normal and tumorigenic prostate cells. Using this information, we annotate the regulatory potential of 2,181 fine-mapped prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs and predict a set of target genes that are regulated by prostate cancer risk-related H3K27Ac-mediated loops. We next identify prostate cancer risk-associated CTCF sites involved in long-range chromatin loops. We use CRISPR-mediated deletion to remove prostate cancer risk-associated CTCF anchor regions and the CTCF anchor regions looped to the prostate cancer risk-associated CTCF sites, and we observe up to 100-fold increases in expression of genes within the loops when the prostate cancer risk-associated CTCF anchor regions are deleted. CONCLUSIONS We identify GWAS risk loci involved in long-range loops that function to repress gene expression within chromatin loops. Our studies provide new insights into the genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 6503, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
| | - Andrew A. Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 6503, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
| | - Dennis J. Hazelett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | | | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 6503, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 6503, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT G511B, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
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[Regulator proteins of actin dynamics as possible targets of antineoplastic therapies]. DER PATHOLOGE 2018; 39:225-230. [PMID: 30229281 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-018-0495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of tumor cells to leave the primary tumor is prerequisite for metastatic spread. In previous studies, we identified regulator proteins of actin reorganization with essential functions in both synaptogenesis and tumor cell migration. OBJECTIVE The aim of the studies summarized in this article is to identify signaling pathways associated with actin-related proteins that might represent potential molecular targets for antiinvasive and/or antineoplastic therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used immunohistochemical analyses of protein expression as well as in vitro techniques (cell culture, fluorescence microscopy, RNAi-based knockdown of protein expression, protein biochemistry and in vivo animal experiment substitutes). RESULTS We show that phosphorylation of Abelson interactor 1 (Abi1) is essential for the adhesion and invasion of colorectal carcinoma cells and might be targeted by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571/Glivec®. HnRNP K, a protein interaction partner of Abi1, is upregulated in malignant melanoma in response to ionizing radiation; this upregulation is impaired upon application of the MEK inhibitor PD98059, enhancing radiosensivity of melanoma. Edelfosin, an alkyl-lipid blocker of the Abi1 interaction partner SK3, inhibits invasion of urothelial carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The studies summarized in this overview confirm a central role for the investigated proteins in tumor cell invasion and resistance to antineoplastic therapies and identify possible molecular targets for novel therapeutic compounds.
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Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins with Pathogenic Repeat Expansions. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122027. [PMID: 29186753 PMCID: PMC6149999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions have been shown to be highly prevalent in disease. Furthermore, disease-causing expansions of the regions containing tandem amino acid repeats often push repetitive proteins towards formation of irreversible aggregates. In fact, in disease-relevant proteins, the increased repeat length often positively correlates with the increased aggregation efficiency and the increased disease severity and penetrance, being negatively correlated with the age of disease onset. The major categories of repeat extensions involved in disease include poly-glutamine and poly-alanine homorepeats, which are often times located in the intrinsically disordered regions, as well as repeats in non-coding regions of genes typically encoding proteins with ordered structures. Repeats in such non-coding regions of genes can be expressed at the mRNA level. Although they can affect the expression levels of encoded proteins, they are not translated as parts of an affected protein and have no effect on its structure. However, in some cases, the repetitive mRNAs can be translated in a non-canonical manner, generating highly repetitive peptides of different length and amino acid composition. The repeat extension-caused aggregation of a repetitive protein may represent a pivotal step for its transformation into a proteotoxic entity that can lead to pathology. The goals of this article are to systematically analyze molecular mechanisms of the proteinopathies caused by the poly-glutamine and poly-alanine homorepeat expansion, as well as by the polypeptides generated as a result of the microsatellite expansions in non-coding gene regions and to examine the related proteins. We also present results of the analysis of the prevalence and functional roles of intrinsic disorder in proteins associated with pathological repeat expansions.
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