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Messina S. The RAS oncogene in brain tumors and the involvement of let-7 microRNA. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:531. [PMID: 38637419 PMCID: PMC11026240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
RAS oncogenes are master regulator genes in many cancers. In general, RAS-driven cancers have an oncogenic RAS mutation that promotes disease progression (colon, lung, pancreas). In contrast, brain tumors are not necessarily RAS-driven cancers because RAS mutations are rarely observed. In particular, glioblastomas (the most lethal brain tumor) do not appear to have dominant genetic mutations that are suitable for targeted therapy. Standard treatment for most brain tumors continues to focus on maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Yet the convergence of genomic aberrations such as EGFR, PDGFR and NF1 (some of which are clinically effective) with activation of the RAS/MAPK cascade is still considered a key point in gliomagenesis, and KRAS is undoubtedly a driving gene in gliomagenesis in mice. In cancer, microRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate carcinogenesis. However, the functional consequences of aberrant miRNA expression in cancer are still poorly understood. let-7 encodes an intergenic miRNA that is classified as a tumour suppressor, at least in lung cancer. Let-7 suppresses a plethora of oncogenes such as RAS, HMGA, c-Myc, cyclin-D and thus suppresses cancer development, differentiation and progression. let-7 family members are direct regulators of certain RAS family genes by binding to the sequences in their 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). let-7 miRNA is involved in the malignant behaviour in vitro-proliferation, migration and invasion-of gliomas and stem-like glioma cells as well as in vivo models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) via KRAS inhibition. It also increases resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy in GBM. Although let-7 therapy is not yet established, this review updates the current state of knowledge on the contribution of miRNA let-7 in interaction with KRAS to the oncogenesis of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Messina
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Alshahrani SH, Yuliastanti T, Al-Dolaimy F, Korotkova NL, Rasulova I, Almuala AF, Alsaalamy A, Ali SHJ, Alasheqi MQ, Mustafa YF. A glimpse into let-7e roles in human disorders; friend or foe? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154992. [PMID: 38103367 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to abnormal expression and regulation in a number of diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have concentrated on miRNA Let-7e's significance in precision medicine for cancer screening and diagnosis as well as its prognostic and therapeutic potential. Differential let-7e levels in bodily fluids have the possibility to enable early detection of cancer utilizing less-invasive techniques, reducing biopsy-related risks. Although Let-7e miRNAs have been described as tumor suppressors, it is crucial to note that there exists proof to support their oncogenic activity in vitro and in in vivo. Let-7e's significance in chemo- and radiation treatment decisions has also been demonstrated. Let-7e can also prevent the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in a number of degenerative disorders, including musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. For the first time, an overview of the significance of let-7e in the prevention, detection, and therapy of cancer and other conditions has been given in the current review. Additionally, we focused on the specific molecular processes that underlie the actions of let-7e, more particularly, on malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadezhda L Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Abbas Firras Almuala
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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3
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Chen Z, Li C, Huang H, Shi YL, Wang X. Research Progress of Aging-related MicroRNAs. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:334-350. [PMID: 36892029 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230308111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence refers to the irreversible state in which cells enter cell cycle arrest due to internal or external stimuli. The accumulation of senescent cells can lead to many age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNA to regulate gene expression after transcription and play an important regulatory role in the aging process. From nematodes to humans, a variety of miRNAs have been confirmed to alter and affect the aging process. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in aging can further deepen our understanding of cell and body aging and provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of aging-related diseases. In this review, we illustrate the current research status of miRNAs in aging and discuss the possible prospects for clinical applications of targeting miRNAs in senile diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Chenxu Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Yi-Ling Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
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4
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Danesh Pouya F, Rasmi Y, Nemati M. Signaling Pathways Involved in 5-FU Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:516-543. [PMID: 35320055 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2055050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-metabolite drugs prevent the synthesis of essential cell growth compounds. 5-fluorouracil is used as an anti-metabolic drug in various cancers in the first stage of treatment. Unfortunately, in some cancers, 5-fluorouracil has low effectiveness because of its drug resistance. Studies have shown that drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil is due to the activation of specific signaling pathways and increased expressions of enzymes involved in drug metabolites. However, when 5-fluorouracil is used in combination with other drugs, the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil increases, and the effect of drug resistance is reversed. This study discusses how the function of 5-fluorouracil in JAK/STAT, Wnt, Notch, NF-κB, and hedgehogs in some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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5
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Wang L, Tan Y, Chen J, Zhu Z, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Dong H, Ai C, He G, Liu Y. CircABCC1 promotes the development of glioma by sponging miR‐591 and modulating high‐mobility group A2. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:107-118. [PMID: 35000195 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and Institute of Neurobiology Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University Xi'an Shanxi China
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Chunqi Ai
- Department of Mental Health Centre Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Guohou He
- Department of Neurology Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and Institute of Neurobiology Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University Xi'an Shanxi China
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Chirshev E, Suzuki T, Wang H, Nguyen A, Hojo N, Sanderman L, Mirshahidi S, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7i Reduces Aggressive Phenotype and Induces BRCAness in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184617. [PMID: 34572843 PMCID: PMC8468164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is a deadly gynecological cancer with poor long-term survival. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been shown to contribute to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), an important part of oncogenesis and tumor progression. The let-7 family of microRNAs has previously been shown to regulate stemness and has tumor suppressive actions in a variety of cancers, including ovarian. Here, we demonstrate tumor suppressor actions of let-7i: repression of cancer cell stemness, inhibition of migration and invasion, and promotion of apoptosis, features important for cancer progression, relapse, and metastasis. Let-7i over-expression results in increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in samples without BRCA mutations, consistent with induction of BRCAness phenotype. We also show that let-7i inhibits the expression of several factors involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, providing potential mechanisms by which the BRCAness phenotype could be induced. These actions of let-7i add to the rationale for use of this miRNA as a treatment for ovarian cancer patients, including those without mutations in the HRR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tise Suzuki
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Anthony Nguyen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Nozomi Hojo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Linda Sanderman
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Biology Department, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Yevgeniya J. Ioffe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ma Y, Shen N, Wicha MS, Luo M. The Roles of the Let-7 Family of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Stemness. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092415. [PMID: 34572067 PMCID: PMC8469079 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been viewed as a disease of normal development gone awry. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), also termed as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are increasingly recognized as a critical tumor cell population that drives not only tumorigenesis but also cancer progression, treatment resistance and metastatic relapse. The let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs), first identified in C. elegans but functionally conserved from worms to human, constitutes an important class of regulators for diverse cellular functions ranging from cell proliferation, differentiation and pluripotency to cancer development and progression. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the roles of let-7 miRNAs in regulating cancer stemness. We outline several key RNA-binding proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in the regulation of let-7 biogenesis, maturation and function. We then highlight key gene targets and signaling pathways that are regulated or mutually regulated by the let-7 family of miRNAs to modulate CSC characteristics in various types of cancer. We also summarize the existing evidence indicating distinct metabolic pathways regulated by the let-7 miRNAs to impact CSC self-renewal, differentiation and treatment resistance. Lastly, we review current preclinical studies and discuss the clinical implications for developing let-7-based replacement strategies as potential cancer therapeutics that can be delivered through different platforms to target CSCs and reduce/overcome treatment resistance when applied alone or in combination with current chemo/radiation or molecularly targeted therapies. By specifically targeting CSCs, these strategies have the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.W.); (M.L.)
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8
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Identification of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6115-6133. [PMID: 33617479 PMCID: PMC7950227 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-throughput technologies has yielded a large amount of data from molecular and epigenetic analysis that could be useful for identifying novel biomarkers of cancers. We analyzed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSet micro–ribonucleic acid (miRNA) profiling datasets to identify miRNAs that could have value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We adopted several computing methods to identify the functional roles of these miRNAs. Ultimately, via integrated analysis of three GEO DataSets, three differential miRNAs were identified as valuable markers in HCC. Combining the results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and Kaplan–Meier Plotter (KM) survival analyses, we identified hsa-let-7e as a novel potential biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. Then, we found via quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) that let-7e was upregulated in HCC tissues and that such upregulation was significantly associated with poor prognosis in HCC. The results of functional analysis indicated that upregulated let-7e promoted tumor cell growth and proliferation. Additionally, via mechanistic analysis, we found that let-7e could regulate mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy to adjust and control cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the integrated results of our bioinformatics analyses of both clinical and experimental data showed that let-7e was a novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis and might be a new treatment target.
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Mahmood N, Mushtaq S, Jamal Q, Hanif M, Akhlaq H, Rehman DES, Awan R. Potential Utility of Cell Free High Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) as a Prognostic Biomarker in Liquid Biopsies of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:407-412. [PMID: 33639654 PMCID: PMC8190352 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Locoregional spread is a frequent finding in oral cancer which dictates poor prognosis. HMGA2 expression has been linked to malignant traits of oral cancer in tissue biopsies however, data on HMGA2 expression in liquid biopsies in oral cancer is sparse. Purpose of this study was to explore prognostic relevance of HMGA2 in liquid biopsies of oral cancer patients. Patients and Methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Review Board of Ziauddin University and informed written consent from study subjects, expression of circulating HMGA2 was evaluated in 96 OSCC cases and 100 age and sex matched controls via real time PCR using specific set of primers. We further analyzed relationship of various sociodemographic and clinicopathological variables with HMGA2expression and explored its prognostic potential. Results: Expression was seen in 22 (23%) cases. A higher expression was observed among subjects with local invasion (52.6% vs 47.4 %), distant metastasis (71.4% vs 28.6%) and tumor recurrence (57.1% vs 42.9%) p <0.05. Subjects having HMGA2 expression had a poor survival compared to HMGA2 negative (13.6% vs 35.4%), p <0.05. Conclusion: Circulating HMGA2 reflects presence of local invasion and distant metastasis and dictates poor prognosis in OSCC. It may contribute in categorizing high risk patients using a minimally invasive technique who are likely to benefit from targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamim Mushtaq
- Biochemsitry, Director Postgraduate Ziauddin University, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Hanif
- Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Rashid Awan
- Internal, Medicine, Chinniot General Hospital, Pakistan
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Fernandez-Serra A, Moura DS, Sanchez-Izquierdo MD, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Lopez-Alvarez M, Martínez-Martínez A, Carrasco-Garcia I, Ramírez-Calvo M, Blanco-Alcaina E, López-Reig R, Obrador-Hevia A, Alemany R, Gutierrez A, Hindi N, Poveda A, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Martin-Broto J. Prognostic Impact of let-7e MicroRNA and Its Target Genes in Localized High-Risk Intestinal GIST: A Spanish Group for Research on Sarcoma (GEIS) Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2979. [PMID: 33066614 PMCID: PMC7602387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, and they have been described as being associated with tumor prognosis. Here, miRNA profiling was planned to explore new molecular prognostic biomarkers in localized intestinal high-risk GIST. Paraffin tumor blocks of 14 and 86 patients were used in the discovery and expansion sets, respectively. GeneChip miRNA v3.0 was employed to identify the miRNAs differentially expressed between relapsed and non-relapsed patient samples, which were validated in the expansion set, by qRT-PCR. RT2 Profiler PCR Array was used for the screening of let-7e targets. Expression levels were correlated with relapse-free survival and overall survival. In the discovery set, 39 miRNAs were significantly deregulated, let-7e and miR-550 being the most underexpressed and overexpressed miRNAs in the relapsed group, respectively. In the expansion set, the underexpression of let-7e or the overexpression of 4 of its target genes (ACVR1B, CASP3, COL3A1, and COL5A2) were statistically associated with worse relapse-free survival. The expression of let-7e and 4 of its target genes are potential prognostic biomarkers in high-risk localized intestinal GIST. The expression of these genes is a potential molecular tool useful for a more accurate prognosis in this subset of GIST patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez-Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.-S.); (A.M.-M.); (M.R.-C.); (R.L.-R.)
| | - David S. Moura
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.S.M.); (M.L.-A.); (I.C.-G.); (E.B.-A.); (N.H.)
| | | | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBEROnc), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, 46003 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Alvarez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.S.M.); (M.L.-A.); (I.C.-G.); (E.B.-A.); (N.H.)
| | - Andrea Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.-S.); (A.M.-M.); (M.R.-C.); (R.L.-R.)
| | - Irene Carrasco-Garcia
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.S.M.); (M.L.-A.); (I.C.-G.); (E.B.-A.); (N.H.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Ramírez-Calvo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.-S.); (A.M.-M.); (M.R.-C.); (R.L.-R.)
| | - Elena Blanco-Alcaina
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.S.M.); (M.L.-A.); (I.C.-G.); (E.B.-A.); (N.H.)
| | - Raquel López-Reig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.-S.); (A.M.-M.); (M.R.-C.); (R.L.-R.)
| | - Antonia Obrador-Hevia
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa-IUNICS), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Sequencing Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Regina Alemany
- Department of Biology, Balearic Islands University, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Antonio Gutierrez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Nadia Hindi
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.S.M.); (M.L.-A.); (I.C.-G.); (E.B.-A.); (N.H.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andres Poveda
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.-S.); (A.M.-M.); (M.R.-C.); (R.L.-R.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia ‘San Vicente Martir’, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Martin-Broto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.S.M.); (M.L.-A.); (I.C.-G.); (E.B.-A.); (N.H.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang L, Liu J, Lin S, Tan J, Huang B, Lin J. Qingjie Fuzheng Granule Inhibited the Migration and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating the lncRNA ANRIL/let-7a/TGF- β1/Smad Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5264651. [PMID: 32714407 PMCID: PMC7341385 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5264651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Qingjie Fuzheng granule (QFG) promotes cancer cell apoptosis and ameliorates intestinal mucosal damage caused by 5-fluorouracil. However, the antitumor role of QFG in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. In this study, the growth of HCT-8 and HCT116 cells incubated with various concentrations of QFG for 24 and 48 h was evaluated using MTT assays; their abilities of migration and invasion were investigated through wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression of lncRNA ANRIL, let-7a, and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway components was assessed using real-time PCR and western blotting. The results elicited that QFG significantly suppressed the growth of HCT-8 and HCT116 cells; the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of QFG for HCT-8 and HCT116 cells for 48 h were 1.849 and 1.608 mg/mL, respectively. The abilities of wound healing, migration, and invasion of HCT-8 and HCT116 cells were dose-dependently decreased by QFG treatment for 24 h, respectively. QFG decreased the expression of lncRNA ANRIL, TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3, Smad4, and N-cadherin and upregulated the expression of let-7a in HCT-8 and HCT116 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that QFG inhibited the metastasis of CRC cells by regulating the lncRNA ANRIL/let-7a/TGF-β1/Smad axis, indicating that they might serve as an adjunctive medicine for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jingzhuang Tan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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12
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Ma LJ, Wu J, Zhou E, Yin J, Xiao XP. Molecular mechanism of targeted inhibition of HMGA2 via miRNAlet-7a in proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193788. [PMID: 32432318 PMCID: PMC7269914 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAlet-7a is associated with the tumorigenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our study was designed to infer whether let-7a targets high-mobility AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) and suppresses laryngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The expression levels of let-7a and HMGA2 were measured in 30 LSCC clinical specimens by qRT-PCR and their correlation was analyzed. Cell model and mice xenograft model with or without let-7a overexpression were constructed to evaluate the effects of let-7a on LSCC. Moreover, luciferase assay was performed to reveal the interaction between let-7a and HMGA2, which was further verified in xenograft. Let-7a was significantly down-regulated and HMGA2 was up-regulated in LSCC tissues compared with normal tissues (P<0.05), both of which were significantly correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastases of LSCC patients (P<0.05). We also observed a negative correlation between let-7a and HMGA2 expression in LSCC samples (r = -0.642, P<0.05). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that let-7a overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth of LSCC and simultaneously down-regulate the expression of HMGA2. Moreover, the regulation of HMGA2 by let-7a was also proved by luciferase assay. Our results revealed that let-7a promotes development and progression of LSCC through inhibiting the expression of HMGA2. Therefore, let-7a may thus be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for treating LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head/Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head/Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P. R. China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head/Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head/Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ping Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head/Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P. R. China
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13
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Mansoori B, Duijf PHG, Mohammadi A, Najafi S, Roshani E, Shanehbandi D, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Shirjang S, Ditzel HJ, Kazemi T, Mokhtarzadeh A, Gjerstorff MF, Baradaran B. Overexpression of HMGA2 in breast cancer promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1-11. [PMID: 32172636 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1736559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved therapeutic strategies for early-stage breast cancer, the most common cancer type in women, relapse remains common and the underlying mechanisms for this progression remain poorly understood. To gain more insight, we studied the DNA-binding protein HMGA2 in breast cancer development and stemness. We demonstrated that HMGA2 is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues at the mRNA and protein levels (P value <0.0001). HMGA2 knockdown and overexpression in breast cancer cells revealed that HMGA2 promotes cell proliferation and protects against apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. HMGA2 knockdown also causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In addition, we found that HMGA2 increases breast cancer cell migration and invasion (P value <0.001) and promotes the acquisition of cancer stem cell features, both in vitro, in colony formation (P value <0.01) and spheroid assays, and in breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of HMGA2 in breast cancer spurs the acquisition of several hallmarks of cancer, including increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness, and decreased apoptosis. Thus, targeting HMGA2 could represent an effective strategy to block breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Aging Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Shirjang
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Yang ZY, Wang Y, Liu Q, Wu M. microRNA cluster MC-let-7a-1~let-7d promotes autophagy and apoptosis of glioma cells by down-regulating STAT3. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:319-331. [PMID: 31868319 PMCID: PMC7052808 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has highlighted the correlation between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the progression of glioma. However, the role of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma remains elusive. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d on glioma progression. Methods and Results Microarray data analysis provided data indicating the involvement of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma via STAT3. The expression of let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, let‐7f‐1, and miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d was diminished in the glioma tissues and the cell lines. Additionally, our results revealed that STAT3 was a target gene of let‐7d, let‐7a‐1, and let‐7f‐1, which was further verified by the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, STAT3 expression was negatively mediated by let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, and let‐7f‐1. Up‐regulated miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d or silenced STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation but accelerated cell apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, restrained tumor growth was identified in the nude mice treated with miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d mimics or STAT3 siRNA. Conclusion Taken together, the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d promotes glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis by repressing STAT3. The current study highlights the potential of the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d as biomarkers and promising treatment strategies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University & Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Chirshev E, Oberg KC, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7 as biomarker, prognostic indicator, and therapy for precision medicine in cancer. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:24. [PMID: 31468250 PMCID: PMC6715759 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been documented in various diseases including cancer. The miRNA let-7 (MIRLET7) family controls developmental timing and differentiation. Let-7 loss contributes to carcinogenesis via an increase in its target oncogenes and stemness factors. Let-7 targets include genes regulating the cell cycle, cell signaling, and maintenance of differentiation. It is categorized as a tumor suppressor because it reduces cancer aggressiveness, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. However, in rare situations let-7 acts as an oncogene, increasing cancer migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and expression of genes associated with progression and metastasis. Here, we review let-7 function as tumor suppressor and oncogene, considering let-7 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, and a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We explain the complex regulation and function of different let-7 family members, pointing to abnormal processes involved in carcinogenesis. Let-7 is a promising option to complement conventional cancer therapy, but requires a tumor specific delivery method to avoid toxicity. While let-7 therapy is not yet established, we make the case that assessing its tumor presence is crucial when choosing therapy. Clinical data demonstrate that let-7 can be used as a biomarker for rational precision medicine decisions, resulting in improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Division of Anatomy and Pediatric Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya J Ioffe
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Juli J Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 219, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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16
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Zhang F, Wu A, Wang Y, Liu J. miR-490-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by inhibiting high-mobility group AT-hook 2 expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:664-670. [PMID: 31258704 PMCID: PMC6566118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of malignant cancer and the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy has been demonstrated. In the current study, miR-490-3p expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissue and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-490-3p inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) was identified as a candidate target gene of miR-490-3p. The current study demonstrated that miR-490-3p mimic could inhibit HMGA2 protein expression in glioma cells. In addition, correlation analysis demonstrated that miR-490-3p and HMGA2 expression was inversely correlated in glioma tissues. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of miR-490-3p mimic on cell proliferation and migration was partially reversed by the overexpression of HMGA2. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-490-3p may have a tumor suppressive role in glioma and therefore miR-490-3p may be a new target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Tumor 2 Families, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Anhao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Ward II, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, P.R. China
| | - Yinhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510400, P.R. China
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17
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Li Q, Chen W, Song M, Chen W, Yang Z, Yang A. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and prognostic analysis identifies hub genes and the molecular mechanism related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:750-759. [PMID: 30900950 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a lethal disease with suboptimal survival outcomes. In this study, we aimed to find an independent prognostic factor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and investigate its effect on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration progress and cell cycle phase. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is an analysis method for mining module information in chip data through soft threshold. In this article, it was used to divide differential genes into different modules and determined the ten hub genes. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses as well as univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to figure out HMGA2 as the independent prognostic factor. RT-qPCR and western blot results revealed the HMGA2 expression levels. Via colony formation, flow cytometry and wound healing assays, we tested the involvement of HMGA2 knockdown in corresponding cancer cell biological behaviors. HMGA2 level was up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and cell lines (SCC-25 and FaDu) in comparison with their normal counterparts. HMGA2 knockdown decreased cancer cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell migration. We regarded HMGA2 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Li
- a Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Weichao Chen
- a Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Song
- a Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- a Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- a Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ankui Yang
- a Department of Head and Neck Surgery , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
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18
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MicroRNA-34a-5p suppresses tumorigenesis and progression of glioma and potentiates Temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity for glioma cells by targeting HMGA2. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:42-50. [PMID: 30851271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a frequently diagnosed brain tumors and Temozolomide (TMZ) is a common chemotherapeutic drug for glioma. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) was reported to be linked with glioma pathogenesis and Temozolomide (TMZ)-induced cytotoxicity. Our present study aimed to further search for the upstream regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) of HMGA2 in glioma. RT-qPCR assay was conducted to measure the expression of HMGA2 mRNA and microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p). HMGA2 protein expression was examined by western blot assay. Cell proliferative ability and cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Cell migratory and invasive capacities were estimated by Transwell migration and invasion assay. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay was conducted to investigate the potential interaction between miR-34a-5p and HMGA2. Mouse xenograft experiments were performed to further test the roles of TMZ, miR-34a-5p and HMGA2, alone or in combination, in glioma tumorigenesis in vivo. We found HMGA2 expression was notably upregulated in glioma tissues and cells, and associated with glioma grade and poor prognosis. HMGA2 knockdown or miR-34a-5p overexpression inhibited migration, invasion, proliferation and enhanced TMZ-induced cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Moreover, HMGA2 was a target of miR-34a-5p. And, miR-34a-5p expression was remarkably reduced in glioma tissues and cells. MiR-34a-5p exerted its function through targeting HMGA2 in glioma cells. HMGA2 knockdown or miR-34a-5p overexpression inhibited tumor growth and enhanced TMZ-mediated anti-tumor effect in glioma xenograft models. We concluded MiR-34a-5p suppressed tumorigenesis and progression of glioma and potentiated TMZ-induced cytotoxicity for glioma cells by targeting HMGA2, deepening our understanding on molecular basis of HMGA2 in glioma.
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19
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Liu Y, Dong N, Miao J, Li C, Wang X, Ruan J. Lin28 promotes dental pulp cell proliferation via upregulation of cyclin-dependent proteins and interaction with let-7a/IGF2BP2 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108742. [PMID: 30851545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Caries, pulpitis, and trauma are the main causes of dental pulp damage. The regeneration capacity of dental pulp declines with age. Lin28 is a conserved RNA-binding protein in higher eukaryotes that regulates several important cellular functions associated with development, glucose metabolism, differentiation, and pluripotency. Conditional reactivation of Lin28 gene in adult mice markedly accelerates the wound-healing process in injured digits. However, little is known about its functions and molecular mechanism in human dental pulp. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of overexpression of Lin28 gene on the proliferation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). For this purpose, a number of molecular and biochemical analytical techniques, including the ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, RNA-protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis, and luciferase assays, were used for detailed characterization. In addition, factors regulating HDPCs activation were explored through gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses. The results demonstrate that Lin28 promotes cell proliferation and the S-G2/M transition of HDPCs and directly binds to a group of cell cycle regulatory mRNAs in HDPCs. Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays, we confirmed that let-7a targets IGF2BP2. Silencing of IGF2BP2 showed similar cellular and molecular effects as let-7a. Similarly, restoration of IGF2BP2 counteracted the effects of let-7a expression. In conclusion, Lin28 promotes cell proliferation by regulation of both mRNA translation (let-7-independent) and miRNA biogenesis (let-7-dependent). Lin28 can promote the expression of pro-proliferative genes by directly enhancing their translation to maintain a tight control over HDPC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Xu X, Wang Y, Deng H, Liu C, Wu J, Lai M. HMGA2 enhances 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in colorectal cancer via the Dvl2/Wnt pathway. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515783 PMCID: PMC5839414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the main hurdles to overcome for the improvement of cancer patient survival. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, and therapeutic options are limited. Here, we demonstrate a strong correlation between HMGA2 expression and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a widely used first-line systemic chemotherapy regimen for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Overexpression of HMGA2 enhances chemoresistance to 5-FU of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Further experiments indicate that HMGA2 directly binds to the promoter of Dvl2 and induces its transcription, which leads to increased activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that HMGA2 enhances the chemoresistance to 5-FU in CRC via activating the Dvl2/Wnt pathway. Therefore, HMGA2 may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Center of Biological Therapy, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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21
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Tűzesi Á, Kling T, Wenger A, Lunavat TR, Jang SC, Rydenhag B, Lötvall J, Pollard SM, Danielsson A, Carén H. Pediatric brain tumor cells release exosomes with a miRNA repertoire that differs from exosomes secreted by normal cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90164-90175. [PMID: 29163818 PMCID: PMC5685739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are very aggressive brain tumors with a cancer stem cell component. Cells, including cancer stem cells, release vesicles called exosomes which contain small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These are thought to play an important role in cell-cell communication. However, we have limited knowledge of the types of exosomal miRNAs released by pediatric HGG stem cells; a prerequisite for exploring their potential roles in HGG biology. Here we isolated exosomes released by pediatric glioma stem cells (GSCs) and compared their repertoire of miRNAs to genetically normal neural stem cells (NSCs) exosomes, as well as their respective cellular miRNA content. Whereas cellular miRNAs are similar, we find that the exosomal miRNA profiles differ between normal and tumor cells, and identify several differentially expressed miRNAs. Of particular interest is miR-1290 and miR-1246, which have previously been linked to 'stemness' and invasion in other cancers. We demonstrate that GSC-secreted exosomes influence the gene expression of receiving NSCs, particularly targeting genes with a role in cell fate and tumorigenesis. Thus, our study shows that GSCs and NSCs have similar cellular miRNA profiles, yet differ significantly in the repertoire of exosomal miRNAs and these could influence malignant features of HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Tűzesi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Teresia Kling
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Wenger
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Taral R. Lunavat
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su Chul Jang
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Rydenhag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven M. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Danielsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Quan Y, Song Q, Wang J, Zhao L, Lv J, Gong S. MiR-1202 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells by targeting Rab1A. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697565. [PMID: 28443461 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs correlates with the development and progression of human cancers by targeting downstream proteins. MiR-1202 is downregulated in ovarian cancer and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma; however, its role in glioma remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression and the role of miR-1202 and to elucidate its regulatory mechanism in glioma. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure miR-1202 expression in both glioma tissues and cell lines. The findings showed that the miR-1202 expression decreased dramatically in clinical glioma tissues and cell lines, and miR-1202 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of Rab1A. Using bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays, we identified Rab1A as a novel and direct target of miR-1202. In vitro, overexpression of miR-1202 inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis through targeting Rab1A, whereas suppression of miR-1202 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Similarly, silencing Rab1A with small interfering RNA also suppressed glioma cell growth and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that miR-1202 suppresses proliferation and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis through targeting and inhibiting Rab1A in glioma cells. These results suggest miR-1202 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Quan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Song
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jvbo Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Lv
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shouping Gong
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Wang Y, Le Y, Xue JY, Zheng ZJ, Xue YM. Let-7d miRNA prevents TGF-β1-induced EMT and renal fibrogenesis through regulation of HMGA2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:676-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Kaur H, Ali SZ, Huey L, Hütt-Cabezas M, Taylor I, Mao XG, Weingart M, Chu Q, Rodriguez FJ, Eberhart CG, Raabe EH. The transcriptional modulator HMGA2 promotes stemness and tumorigenicity in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 377:55-64. [PMID: 27102002 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) contains a population of stem-like cells that promote tumor invasion and resistance to therapy. Identifying and targeting stem cell factors in GBM may lead to the development of more effective therapies. High Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a transcriptional modulator that mediates motility and self-renewal in normal and cancer stem cells. We identified increased expression of HMGA2 in the majority of primary human GBM tumors and cell lines compared to normal brain. Additionally, HMGA2 expression was increased in CD133+ GBM neurosphere cells compared to CD133- cells. Targeting HMGA2 with lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to decreased GBM stemness, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Ectopic expression of HMGA2 in GBM cell lines promoted stemness, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Our data suggests that targeting HMGA2 in GBM may be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Room 11379, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabeen Zulfiqar Ali
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lauren Huey
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marianne Hütt-Cabezas
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Room 11379, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Isabella Taylor
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Room 11379, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xing-Gang Mao
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Melanie Weingart
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Qian Chu
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Room 11379, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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25
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Yan N, Wen L, Peng R, Li H, Liu H, Peng H, Sun Y, Wu T, Chen L, Duan Q, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Wei L, Zhang Z. Naringenin Ameliorated Kidney Injury through Let-7a/TGFBR1 Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8738760. [PMID: 27446963 PMCID: PMC4944076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8738760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the exact mechanism is not clearly understood. In this study, our results showed that 24 h urinary protein, kidney index, and glomerular area were decreased, while creatinine clearance ratio was increased in DN rats when the rats were treated with NAR 50 mg/d for 6 weeks. Mesangial cell (MMCs) proliferation was inhibited in the NAR group by 3,(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and the cell cycle analysis showed that cells stayed in G2 phase in NAR group. And NAR treatment attenuated the deposition of ECM in DN rats and MMCs. Moreover, our data showed that let-7a was downexpressed in both DN rats and MMCs under high glucose condition. Surprisingly, NAR affected the expressions of Col4 and FN through upregulating let-7a in MMCs. In addition, we found that let-7a negatively regulated the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 receptor 1 (TGFBR1), and TGFBR1 was required for the let-7a-mediated downregulation of TGF-β1/smad signaling. Interestingly, NAR inhibited TGF-β1/smads signaling activation by upregulating let-7a. Therefore, our findings indicated that NAR ameliorated kidney injury by regulating let-7a/TGFBR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wen
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huimin Peng
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lijiang Wei
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- *Zheng Zhang:
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