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Thirumalai A, Girigoswami K, Pallavi P, Harini K, Gowtham P, Girigoswami A. Cancer therapy with iRGD as a tumor-penetrating peptide. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:1288-1300. [PMID: 37813754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary threats in tumor treatment revolves around the limited ability to penetrate tumor sites, leading to reduced therapeutic effectiveness, which remains a critical concern. Recently gaining importance are novel peptides, namely CRGDK/RGPD/EC (iRGD), that possess enhanced tumor-penetrating and inhibitory properties. These peptides specifically target and penetrate tumors by binding to αvβ integrins, namely αvβ3 and αvβ5, as well as NRP-1 receptors. Remarkably abundant on both the vasculature and tumor cell surfaces, these peptides show promising potential for improving tumor treatment outcomes. As a result, iRGD penetrated deep into the tumor tissues with biological products, contrast agents (imaging agents), antitumor drugs, and immune modulators after co-injecting them with peptides or chemically linked to peptides. The synthesis of iRGD peptides is a relatively straightforward process compared to the synthesis of other traditional peptides, and they significantly improved tumor tissue penetration inhibiting tumor metastasis effectively. Recent studies demonstrate the effectiveness of iRGD-driven dual-targeting chemotherapeutics on cancer cells, and the nanocarriers were modified with iRGD, serving as a favorable delivery strategy of payloads for deeper tumor regions. This review aims to provide an overview to emphasize the recent advancements and advantages of iRGD in treating and imaging various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Thirumalai
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, TN-603103 Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, TN-603103 Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Pragya Pallavi
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, TN-603103 Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Karthick Harini
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, TN-603103 Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Pemula Gowtham
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, TN-603103 Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, TN-603103 Kelambakkam, Chennai, India.
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Liu Y, Lai X, Zhu Y, Guo F, Su L, Arkin G, He T, Xu J, Ran H. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging using long-circulating cationic magnetic microbubbles in vitro and in vivo validations. Int J Pharm 2021; 616:121299. [PMID: 34929311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional encapsulated microbubbles are recently used as delivery carriers for drugs and genes, but they have low efficiency. If the local microbubble concentration could be increased, this might be able to improve the therapeutic efficacy of diseases. In this study, we developed novel cationic magnetic microbubbles (MBM), which could simultaneously realize targeted aggregation under a magnetic field as well as ultrasonographic real-time visualization. Their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, ultrasonography, magnetic response characteristics, and biodistribution were systematically evaluated. Here, the MBM were 2.55±0.14µm in size with a positive zeta potential, and had a good biocompatibility. They were able to enhance ultrasonographic contrast both in vitro and in vivo. MBM could be attracted by an external magnet for directional movement and aggregation in vitro. We confirmed that MBM also had a great magnetic response in vivo, by means of fluorescence imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. Following intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, MBM showed excellent stability in the internal circulation, and could accumulate in the tumor vasculature through magnetic targeting. With the excellent combination of magnetic response and acoustic properties, cationic magnetic microbubbles (MBM) have promising potential for use as a new kind of drug/gene carrier for theranostics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshu Lai
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjuan Guo
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Su
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Gulzira Arkin
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianzhen He
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haitao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Wang Y, Cong H, Wang S, Yu B, Shen Y. Development and application of ultrasound contrast agents in biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7633-7661. [PMID: 34586124 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of molecular imaging, ultrasound (US) medicine has evolved from traditional imaging diagnosis to integrated diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) play a crucial role in the integration of US diagnosis and treatment. As the micro-bubbles (MBs) in UCAs can enhance the cavitation effect and promote the biological effect of US, UCAs have also been studied in the fields of US thrombolysis, mediated gene transfer, drug delivery, and high intensity focused US. The application range of UCAs is expanding, and the value of their applications is improving. This paper reviews the development and application of UCAs in biomedicine in recent years, and the existing problems and prospects are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China. .,Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Samani RK, Tavakoli MB, Maghsoudinia F, Motaghi H, Hejazi SH, Mehrgardi MA. Trastuzumab and folic acid functionalized gold nanoclusters as a dual-targeted radiosensitizer for megavoltage radiation therapy of human breast cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105487. [PMID: 32707173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of functionalized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with trastuzumab (Herceptin®) and/or folic acid (FA) as a single and dual-targeted radiosensitizers for the enhancement of megavoltage radiation therapy efficacy was investigated. SK-BR3 breast cancer cells as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) and folate overexpressing cell line and the murine fibroblast (L929) as a control cell line were selected. The cellular uptake was followed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) that showed AuNCs-FA-HER uptake by SK-BR3 cells was 3 times more than the non-targeted AuNCs after 12 h incubation. MTT and clonogenic assays revealed that the viability and surviving fraction of cancer cells were significantly inhibited by treating with all AuNCs under radiation compared to treating with radiation alone. However, these effects in the dual-targeted AuNCs group (AuNCs-FA-HER) was significantly greater than non-targeted and single-targeted AuNCs groups. Also, apoptosis was evaluated using an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) kit in flow cytometry. All AuNCs, in combination with 4 Gy of photon beam, induced more apoptosis. By fitting the survival fraction data on the linear-quadratic model, the sensitization enhancement factor (SER) of AuNCs, AuNCs-FA, AuNCs-HER, and AuNCs-FA-HER, were obtained 1.17, 1.32, 1.48 and 1.77, respectively. SER for AuNCs-FA-HER was significantly higher than that non-targeted and single-targeted AuNCs (p-value < 0.05) that can be attributed to more internalization in the cancer cells. It was concluded that functionalized AuNCs with both folic acid and Herceptin could represent a promising strategy for increased cellular internalization that improved radiation therapy efficiency in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Kamran Samani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bagher Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Maghsoudinia
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Hasan Motaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud A Mehrgardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
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Wang L, Lu H, Gao Q, Yuan C, Ding F, Li J, Zhang D, Ou X. A multifunctional theranostic contrast agent for ultrasound/near infrared fluorescence imaging-based tumor diagnosis and ultrasound-triggered combined photothermal and gene therapy. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:373-386. [PMID: 31525534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Encapsulated microbubbles (MBs) have been reported as new theranostic carriers for simultaneous imaging and ultrasound (US)-triggered therapy. Here, we designed a dual-modality US/NIRF contrast agent and extended its applications from image contrast enhancement to combined diagnosis and therapy with US-directed and site-specific targeting. METHODS Gold nanorods (AuNRs) resonant at 880 nm together with the NIR797 dye were first encapsulated in lipid-shelled MBs to construct fluorescent gold microbubbles (NIR797/AuMBs) via thin film hydration and mechanical shaking in the presence of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. Then, polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA complexes were electrostatically conjugated onto the surface of the NIR797/AuMBs, forming theranostic encapsulated MBs (PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs). The potential of the PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs for use as a dual-modality contrast enhancement agent was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of US/NIR laser irradiation mediating double-fusion suicide gene and photothermal therapy was also investigated using Bel-7402 cells and xenografts. RESULTS The developed theranostic AuMB complexes could not only provide excellent US and NIRF imaging to detect tumors but also serve as an efficient US-triggered carrier for gene delivery and photothermal ablation of tumors in xenografted nude mice. And US + laser exposure group showed a much higher rate of cell inhibition, apoptosis and necrosis as well as a higher Bel-7402 xenograft inhibition rate than the single gene therapy or single exposure (US or laser) group. CONCLUSIONS PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs would be of great value for providing more comprehensive diagnostic information and to guide more accurate and effective synergistic cancer therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This is an original paper focusing on developing a dual-modality US/NIRF contrast agent and extended its applications from image contrast enhancement to combined diagnosis and therapy with US-directed and site-specific targeting. The developed theranostic AuMB complexes could not only provide excellent US and NIRF imaging to detect tumors but also serve as an efficient US-triggered carrier for gene delivery and photothermal ablation of tumors in xenografted nude mice. PEI-DNA/NIR797/AuMBs would be of great value for providing more comprehensive diagnostic information and to guide more accurate and effective synergistic cancer therapy.
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iRGD: A Promising Peptide for Cancer Imaging and a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:9367845. [PMID: 31346334 PMCID: PMC6617877 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9367845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor penetration into the tumor parenchyma and the reduced therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and other medications are the major problems in tumor treatment. A new tumor-homing and penetrating peptide, iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC), can be effectively used to combine and deliver imaging agents or anticancer drugs into tumors. The different “vascular zip codes” expressed in different tissues can serve as targets for docking-based (synaptic) delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic molecules. αv-Integrins are abundantly expressed in the tumor vasculature, where they are recognized by peptides containing the RGD integrin recognition motif. The iRGD peptide follows a multistep tumor-targeting process: First, it is proteolytically cleaved to generate the CRGDK fragment by binding to the surface of cells expressing αv integrins (αvβ3 and αvβ5). Then, the fragment binds to neuropilin-1 and penetrates the tumor parenchyma more deeply. Compared with conventional RGD peptides, the affinity of iRGD for αv integrins is in the mid to low nanomolar range, and the CRGDK fragment has a stronger affinity for neuropilin-1 than that for αv integrins because of the C-terminal exposure of a conditional C-end Rule (CendR) motif (R/KXXR/K), whose receptor proved to be neuropilin-1. Consequently, these advantages facilitate the transfer of CRGDK fragments from integrins to neuropilin-1 and consequently deeper penetration into the tumor. Due to its specific binding and strong affinity, the iRGD peptide can deliver imaging agents and anticancer drugs into tumors effectively and deeply, which is useful in detecting the tumor, blocking tumor growth, and inhibiting tumor metastasis. This review aims to focus on the role of iRGD in the imaging and treatment of various cancers.
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Li J, Zhou P, Xu H, Tian S, Liu W, Zhao Y, Hu Z. Antitumor activity of integrin α Vβ 3 antibody conjugated-cationic microbubbles in liver cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:899-908. [PMID: 35116829 PMCID: PMC8799305 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.05.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The overexpression of integrin αVβ3 in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and clinical staging. Thus, the inhibition of integrin αVβ3 might be potentially effective as an anti-cancer agent in HCC. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of integrin αVβ3 antibody conjugated cationic microbubbles (CMBs) in HCC model. By conjugating with integrin αVβ3 antibody with non-targeting CMBs, CMBsαvβ3 was constructed. The antitumor effect of CMBsαvβ3 was evaluated in HepG2 cells in vitro and in HepG2 xenograft mice models. Bcl-2, p53 and CD31 mRNA level, and caspase-3 activity were examined in xenograft tumors. Cell proliferation assay and scratch test were performed to evaluate the anti-migrant effect of CMBsαvβ3in vitro. Results CMBsαvβ3 could specifically target to HCC HepG2 cells and improve pEGFP-KDRP-CD/TK plasmid transfection efficiency. In HepG2 xenograft mice models, CMBsαvβ3 treatment significantly suppressed tumor weights and volumes. CMBsαvβ3 treatment suppressed Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA level in tumors. In HepG2 cells, CMBsαvβ3 significantly impaired wound healing and inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, when combined with CD/TK double suicide gene transfection and 5-FC/GCV treatment, caspase-3 was activated and the cell proliferation was tremendously inhibited. Conclusions CMBsαvβ3 not only suppresses cell migration and proliferation, but also facilitates 5-FC/GCV plus CD/TK double suicide gene-induced apoptotic cell death. CMBsαvβ3 is a promising gene delivery agent with potential anti-tumor activity itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuangming Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zheyu Hu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Caner Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Zhao H, Wu M, Zhu L, Tian Y, Wu M, Li Y, Deng L, Jiang W, Shen W, Wang Z, Mei Z, Li P, Ran H, Zhou Z, Ren J. Cell-penetrating Peptide-modified Targeted Drug-loaded Phase-transformation Lipid Nanoparticles Combined with Low-intensity Focused Ultrasound for Precision Theranostics against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Theranostics 2018; 8:1892-1910. [PMID: 29556363 PMCID: PMC5858507 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Prepare a multifunctional ultrasound molecular probe, hyaluronic acid-mediated cell-penetrating peptide-modified 10-hydroxycamptothecin-loaded phase-transformation lipid nanoparticles (HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs), and to combine HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs with low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) for precision theranostics against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs were prepared using thin-film dispersion, ultrasound emulsification, and electrostatic effects. HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading efficiency. In vitro, HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs were tested for acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) at different time points/acoustic intensities; the ability of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs to target SMMC-7721 cells was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); the penetrating ability of CG-TAT-GC-modified NPs was verified by CLSM in a 3D multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model; the effect of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs combined with LIFU on killing SMMC-7721 cells was measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. In vivo, the tumor-target efficiency of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs was evaluated by a small-animal fluorescence imaging system and CLSM; the enhanced ultrasound imaging efficiency of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs combined with LIFU was measured by an ultrasound imaging analyzer; the therapeutic effect of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs combined with LIFU was evaluated by tumor volume, tumor inhibition rate, and staining (hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and TUNEL). Results: Mean particle size and mean zeta potential of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs were 284.2±13.3 nm and - 16.55±1.50 mV, respectively. HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs could bind to SMMC-7721 cells more readily than CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs. Penetration depth into 3D MCTS of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs was 2.76-fold larger than that of NPs without CG-TAT-GC. HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs could enhance ultrasound imaging by undergoing ADV triggered by LIFU. HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs+LIFU group demonstrated significantly higher efficiency of anti-proliferation and apoptosis percentage than all other groups. In mouse liver tumor xenografts, HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs could target tumor sites and enhance ultrasound imaging under LIFU. HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs+LIFU group had a significantly smaller tumor volume, lower proliferative index (PI), and higher tumor inhibition and apoptotic index (AI) than all other groups. Conclusions: Combined application of HA/CPPs-10-HCPT-NPs and LIFU should be a valuable and promising strategy for precise HCC theranostics.
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Current Strategies for the Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins and Enzymes to Treat Brain Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 137:1-28. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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