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Lopes C, Piairo P, Chícharo A, Abalde-Cela S, Pires LR, Corredeira P, Alves P, Muinelo-Romay L, Costa L, Diéguez L. HER2 Expression in Circulating Tumour Cells Isolated from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Using a Size-Based Microfluidic Device. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4446. [PMID: 34503260 PMCID: PMC8431641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancer, normally assessed in tumour biopsy and used to guide treatment choices. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) escape the primary tumour and enter the bloodstream, exhibiting great metastatic potential and representing a real-time snapshot of the tumour burden. Liquid biopsy offers the unique opportunity for low invasive sampling in cancer patients and holds the potential to provide valuable information for the clinical management of cancer patients. This study assesses the performance of the RUBYchip™, a microfluidic system for CTC capture based on cell size and deformability, and compares it with the only FDA-approved technology for CTC enumeration, CellSearch®. After optimising device performance, 30 whole blood samples from metastatic breast cancer patients were processed with both technologies. The expression of HER2 was assessed in isolated CTCs and compared to tissue biopsy. Results show that the RUBYchipTM was able to isolate CTCs with higher efficiency than CellSearch®, up to 10 times more, averaging all samples. An accurate evaluation of different CTC subpopulations, including HER2+ CTCs, was provided. Liquid biopsy through the use of the RUBYchipTM in the clinic can overcome the limitations of histological testing and evaluate HER2 status in patients in real-time, helping to tailor treatment during disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lopes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Paulina Piairo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Chícharo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Liliana R. Pires
- RUBYnanomed Lda, Praça Conde de Agrolongo 123, 4700-312 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Corredeira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.C.); (P.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Patrícia Alves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.C.); (P.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela, Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luís Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.C.); (P.A.); (L.C.)
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.C.); (S.A.-C.)
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2
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Zhang J, Shi J, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Liu W, Zhang K, Zhang Z. Localized fluorescent imaging of multiple proteins on individual extracellular vesicles using rolling circle amplification for cancer diagnosis. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12025. [PMID: 33304477 PMCID: PMC7710127 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) have attracted increasing attention as tumour biomarkers due to their unique biological property. However, conventional methods for EV analysis are mainly based on bulk measurements, which masks the EV‐to‐EV heterogeneity in tumour diagnosis and classification. Herein, a localized fluorescent imaging method (termed Digital Profiling of Proteins on Individual EV, DPPIE) was developed for analysis of multiple proteins on individual EV. In this assay, an anti‐CD9 antibody engineered biochip was used to capture EV from clinical plasma sample. Then the captured EV was specifically recognized by multiple DNA aptamers (CD63/EpCAM/MUC1), followed by rolling circle amplification to generate localized fluorescent signals. By‐analyzing the heterogeneity of individual EV, we found that the high‐dimensional data collected from each individual EV would provide more precise information than bulk measurement (ELISA) and the percent of CD63/EpCAM/MUC1‐triple‐positive EV in breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy donors, and this method can achieve an overall accuracy of 91%. Moreover, using DPPIE, we are able to distinguish the EV between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma patients. This individual EV heterogeneity analysis strategy provides a new way for digging more information on EV to achieve multi‐cancer diagnosis and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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3
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Pasha HA, Rezk NA, Riad MA. Circulating Cell Free Nuclear DNA, Mitochondrial DNA and Global DNA Methylation: Potential Noninvasive Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:432-439. [PMID: 31516038 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1663864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Eighty seven women with benign breast lesion, 120 patients with breast cancer (BC) and one hundred controls were included in the study. Quantification of mtDNA and nDNA was done by qPCR. Global DNA methylation was measured using ELISA. Circulating cell-free nDNA and mtDNA were significantly elevated in BC and benign breast lesions patients. Global methylation was significantly low in BC patients. Combining the studied parameters in one panel, nDNA/mtDNA/hypomethylation, improved their sensitivity in detecting BC to reach 92.5%. Circulating cell-free nDNA, mtDNA and global DNA hypomethylation can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Pasha
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Noha A Rezk
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Riad
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Campanella A, De Summa S, Tommasi S. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:044002. [PMID: 31282387 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab2f9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection at both early and metastatic stage is a pressing medical need. Although many improvements have been made in the treatment and in the early screening of this cancer, most diagnosis are made at a late stage, when a lot of genetic and epigenetic changes have occurred. A promising source of biomarkers reflective of the pathogenesis of lung cancer is exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a biological fluid and a natural matrix of the respiratory tract. Molecules such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, metabolites and volatile compounds are present in EBC, and their presence/absence or their variation in concentrations can be used as biomarkers. The aims of this review are to briefly describe exhaled breath composition, firstly, and then to document some of the EBC candidate biomarkers for lung cancer by dividing them according to their origin (genome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome and microbiota) in order to demonstrate the potential use of EBC as a helpful tool in cancer diagnostics, molecular profiling, therapy monitoring and screening of high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Campanella
- Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Huang Z, Xia L, Zhou X, Wei C, Mo Q. ALOX12 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy via AMPK activation and inhibition of lipid synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:24-30. [PMID: 31014671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonate lipoxygenase12 (Alox12) and its metabolites 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) have been implicated in influencing tumor transformation and progression. In this study, we have systematically evaluated the expression, function and the downstream effectors of Alox12 in breast cancer using loss- and gain-of-function approaches. We demonstrated that both mRNA and protein levels of Alox12 were significantly increased in multiple breast cancer cell lines compared to normal breast cells. The upregulation of Alox12 expression was also observed in breast cancer tissues and their matched normal breast tissues obtained from patients. Functionally, we demonstrated that Alox12 overexpression was sufficient to stimulate growth in normal breast cells but not breast cancer cells. This also protects breast cancer cell from chemotherapy-induced growth arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, Alox12 depletion inhibited breast cancer growth and survival, and significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic agents' efficacy. Mechanism studies showed that Alox12 depletion activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to the inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase1 (ACC1) enzyme activity and lipid synthesis. The recuse of the effects of Alox12 depletion using Alox12 metabolites 12S-HETE further confirmed that AMPK and its subsequent inhibition of ACC1 activity and lipid synthesis were the downstream signaling of Alox12 inhibition. Our findings highlighted the important role of Alox12 in breast cancer, particularly in response to chemotherapy. Our work also demonstrate that inhibiting Alox12 is a possible alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qinguo Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Rossi G, Mu Z, Rademaker AW, Austin LK, Strickland KS, Costa RLB, Nagy RJ, Zagonel V, Taxter TJ, Behdad A, Wehbe FH, Platanias LC, Gradishar WJ, Cristofanilli M. Cell-Free DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells: Comprehensive Liquid Biopsy Analysis in Advanced Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:560-568. [PMID: 29180605 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Liquid biopsy provides a real-time assessment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We evaluated the utility of combining circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to predict prognosis in MBC.Experimental Design: We conducted a retrospective study of 91 patients with locally advanced breast cancer and MBC. CTCs were enumerated by CellSearch; the plasma-based assay was performed utilizing Guardant360 and the survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results: Eighty-four patients had stage IV cancer, and 7 patients had no metastases. Eighty patients had CTC analysis: median number 2 (0-5,612). Blood samples [232 of 277 (84%)] had mutations. The average ctDNA fraction was 4.5% (0-88.2%) and number of alterations 3 (0-27); the most commonly mutated genes were TP53 (52%), PIK3CA (40%), and ERBB2 (20%). At the time of analysis, 36 patients (39.6%) were dead. The median follow-up for CTCs was 9 months; for ctDNA, it was 9.9 months. For CTCs and ctDNA, respectively, progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 and 5.2 months and overall survival (OS) was 18.7 and 21.5 months. There was a statistically significant difference in PFS and OS for baseline CTCs < 5 versus CTCs ≥ 5 (P = 0.021 and P = 0.0004, respectively); %ctDNA < 0.5 versus ≥ 0.5 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012); number of alterations < 2 versus ≥ 2 (P = 0.059 borderline and P = 0.0015). A significant association by Fisher exact test was found between the number of alterations and the %ctDNA in the baseline sample (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: The study demonstrated that liquid biopsy is an effective prognostic tool. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 560-8. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rossi
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhaomei Mu
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Laura K Austin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly S Strickland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Vittorina Zagonel
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Timothy J Taxter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Firas H Wehbe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Blockage of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha sensitizes aggressive breast cancer to doxorubicin through suppressing ERK and mTOR kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:153-158. [PMID: 29307829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer is resistant to chemotherapy and its underlying mechanisms are not fully explored. In this work, we identified cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) as a novel target to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer. We demonstrated the increased transcriptional and translational expression of cPLA2α in breast cancer cells to acute and chronic exposure to doxorubicin. cPLA2α upregulation is also observed in breast cancer patients in response to chemotherapy. Inhibition of cPLA2α using two pharmacological inhibitors significantly enhances doxorubicin's effects to almost complete suppression in breast cancer cell growth, survival and migration. Similarly, depletion of cPLA2α significantly sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin treatment. We further found that cPLA2α inhibition led to decreased phosphorylation of ERK, mTOR, S6 and 4EBP1, suggesting the suppression of ERK and mTOR signaling pathways. These findings indicate the positive roles of cPLA2α in breast cancer cell growth, survival, migration and response to chemotherapy. Our work also highlights the therapeutic value of blocking cPLA2α to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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8
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Wang R, Li X, Zhang H, Wang K, He J. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA analysis for breast cancer and its clinical utilization as a biomarker. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75742-75755. [PMID: 29088906 PMCID: PMC5650461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood of cancer patients contains much information on genetic and epigenetic profiles associated with cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. Analysis of ctDNA provides an opportunity for non-invasive sampling of tumor DNA repetitiously and therefore advance precision medicine. Recent development in massively parallel sequencing and digital genomic techniques support the analytical and clinical validity of ctDNA as a promising 'liquid biopsy' in human cancer. In this review, we discussed the current status of cell-free ctDNA including ctDNA biology, recently developed techniques for ctDNA detection, breast cancer specific detecting strategies, with a focus on clinical applications of ctDNA-based biomarkers in breast oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Zhou X, Huang Z, Yang H, Jiang Y, Wei W, Li Q, Mo Q, Liu J. β-Glucosidase inhibition sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:504-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Longitudinally collected CTCs and CTC-clusters and clinical outcomes of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:83-94. [PMID: 27771841 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a well-established prognosis predictor for metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and CTC-cluster exhibits significantly higher metastasis-promoting capability than individual CTCs. Because measurement of CTCs and CTC-clusters at a single time point may underestimate their prognostic values, we aimed to analyze longitudinally collected CTCs and CTC-clusters in MBC prognostication. METHODS CTCs and CTC-clusters were enumerated in 370 longitudinally collected blood samples from 128 MBC patients. The associations between baseline, first follow-up, and longitudinal enumerations of CTCs and CTC-clusters with patient progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS CTC and CTC-cluster counts at both baseline and first follow-up were significantly associated with patient PFS and OS. Time-dependent analysis of longitudinally collected samples confirmed the significantly unfavorable PFS and OS in patients with ≥5 CTCs, and further demonstrated the independent prognostic values by CTC-clusters compared to CTC-enumeration alone. Longitudinal analyses also identified a link between the size of CTC-clusters and patient OS: compared to the patients without any CTC, those with 2-cell CTC-clusters and ≥3-cell CTC-clusters had a hazard ratio (HR) of 7.96 [95 % confidence level (CI) 2.00-31.61, P = 0.003] and 14.50 (3.98-52.80, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this novel time-dependent analysis of longitudinally collected CTCs and CTC-clusters, we showed that CTC-clusters added additional prognostic values to CTC enumeration alone, and a larger-size CTC-cluster conferred a higher risk of death in MBC patients.
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Massihnia D, Galvano A, Fanale D, Perez A, Castiglia M, Incorvaia L, Listì A, Rizzo S, Cicero G, Bazan V, Castorina S, Russo A. Triple negative breast cancer: shedding light onto the role of pi3k/akt/mtor pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:60712-60722. [PMID: 27474173 PMCID: PMC5312414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most widespread carcinoma and one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide, especially in women aged between 35 and 75 years. Among the different subtypes, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the total absence of the estrogen-receptor (ER) and progesteron-receptor (PR) expression as well as the lack of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or gene amplification. These biological characteristics confer to TNBC a higher aggressiveness and relapse risk along with poorer prognosis compared to other subtypes. Indeed, 5-years survival rate is still low and almost all patients die, despite any adjuvant treatment which at moment represents the heading pharmacological approach. To date, several clinical trials have been designed to investigate the potential role of some molecular markers, such as VEGF, EGFR, Src and mTOR, for targeted treatments in TNBC. In fact, many inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, frequently de-regulated in TNBC, are acquiring a growing interest and several inhibitors are in preclinical development or already in early phase clinical trials. In this Review, we investigated the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TNBC patients, by summarizing the molecular features that led to the distinction of different histotypes of TNBC. Furthermore, we provided an overview of the inhibition mechanisms of the mTOR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, highlighting the importance of integrating biological and clinical data for the development of mTOR inhibitors in order to implement targeted therapies for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Massihnia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listì
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Rizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Fondazione Mediterranea “G.B. Morgagni”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Li Z, Guo X, Tang L, Peng L, Chen M, Luo X, Wang S, Xiao Z, Deng Z, Dai L, Xia K, Wang J. Methylation analysis of plasma cell-free DNA for breast cancer early detection using bisulfite next-generation sequencing. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13111-13119. [PMID: 27449045 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been considered as a potential biomarker for non-invasive cancer detection. To evaluate the methylation levels of six candidate genes (EGFR, GREM1, PDGFRB, PPM1E, SOX17, and WRN) in plasma cfDNA as biomarkers for breast cancer early detection, quantitative analysis of the promoter methylation of these genes from 86 breast cancer patients and 67 healthy controls was performed by using microfluidic-PCR-based target enrichment and next-generation bisulfite sequencing technology. The predictive performance of different logistic models based on methylation status of candidate genes was investigated by means of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and odds ratio (OR) analysis. Results revealed that EGFR, PPM1E, and 8 gene-specific CpG sites showed significantly hypermethylation in cancer patients' plasma and significantly associated with breast cancer (OR ranging from 2.51 to 9.88). The AUC values for these biomarkers were ranging from 0.66 to 0.75. Combinations of multiple hypermethylated genes or CpG sites substantially improved the predictive performance for breast cancer detection. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of quantitative measurement of candidate gene methylation in cfDNA by using microfluidic-PCR-based target enrichment and bisulfite next-generation sequencing, which is worthy of further validation and potentially benefits a broad range of applications in clinical oncology practice. Quantitative analysis of methylation pattern of plasma cfDNA by next-generation sequencing might be a valuable non-invasive tool for early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xinwu Guo
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Limin Peng
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Xipeng Luo
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Shouman Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhongping Deng
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
- Research Center for Technologies in Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
- Research Center for Technologies in Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Lizhong Dai
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
- Research Center for Technologies in Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
- Research Center for Technologies in Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Assi HI, Assi RE, El Saghir NS. Emerging Biomarkers of the Future: Changing Clinical Practice for 2020. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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