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Alves D, Neves A, Vecchi L, Souza T, Vaz E, Mota S, Nicolau-Junior N, Goulart L, Araújo T. Rho GTPase activating protein 21-mediated regulation of prostate cancer associated 3 gene in prostate cancer cell. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13190. [PMID: 38896642 PMCID: PMC11186590 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) gene is well-defined as a marker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Although widely used in clinical research, PCA3 molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein we used phage display technology to identify putative molecules that bind to the promoter region of PCA3 gene and regulate its expression. The most frequent peptide PCA3p1 (80%) was similar to the Rho GTPase activating protein 21 (ARHGAP21) and its binding affinity was confirmed using Phage Bead ELISA. We showed that ARHGAP21 silencing in LNCaP prostate cancer cells decreased PCA3 and androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional levels and increased prune homolog 2 (PRUNE2) coding gene expression, indicating effective involvement of ARHGAP21 in androgen-dependent tumor pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the interaction between PCA3 promoter region and ARHGAP21. This is the first study that described the role of ARHGAP21 in regulating the PCA3 gene under the androgenic pathway, standing out as a new mechanism of gene regulatory control during prostatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Alves
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - A.F. Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - L. Vecchi
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - T.A. Souza
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - E.R. Vaz
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - S.T.S. Mota
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - N. Nicolau-Junior
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - L.R. Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - T.G. Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Nanobiotechnologia Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Instituto de Biotechnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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Dahiya V, Hans S, Kumari R, Bagchi G. Prostate cancer biomarkers: from early diagnosis to precision treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03508-2. [PMID: 38744755 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer in men. In 2020, approximately 1,414,259 new cases were reported that accounted for 3,75,324 deaths (Sung et al. in CA 71:209-249, 2021). PCa is often asymptomatic at early stages; hence, routine screening and monitoring based on reliable biomarkers is crucial for early detection and assessment of cancer progression. Early diagnosis of disease is key step in reducing PCa-induced mortality. Biomarkers such as PSA have played vital role in reducing recent PCa deaths. Recent research has identified many other biomarkers and also refined PSA-based tests for non-invasive diagnosis of PCa in patients. Despite progress in screening methods, an important issue that influences treatment is heterogeneity of the cancer in different individuals, necessitating personalized treatment. Currently, focus is to identify biomarkers that can accurately diagnose PCa at early stage, indicate the stage of the disease, metastatic nature and chances of survival based on individual patient profile (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versha Dahiya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 122413
| | - Sanjana Hans
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 122413
| | - Ruchi Kumari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 122413
| | - Gargi Bagchi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 122413.
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3
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Ke Z, Hu X, Liu Y, Shen D, Khan MI, Xiao J. Updated review on analysis of long non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic targets in prostate cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104275. [PMID: 38302050 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements, prostate cancers (PCa) pose a significant global health challenge due to delayed diagnosis and therapeutic resistance. This review delves into the complex landscape of prostate cancer, with a focus on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Also explores the influence of aberrant lncRNAs expression in progressive PCa stages, impacting traits like proliferation, invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. The study elucidates how lncRNAs modulate crucial molecular effectors, including transcription factors and microRNAs, affecting signaling pathways such as androgen receptor signaling. Besides, this manuscript sheds light on novel concepts and mechanisms driving PCa progression through lncRNAs, providing a critical analysis of their impact on the disease's diverse characteristics. Besides, it discusses the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostics and therapeutic targets in PCa. Collectively, this work highlights state of art mechanistic comprehension and rigorous scientific approaches to advance our understanding of PCa and depict innovations in this evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongpan Ke
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China; Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchangxi Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xuechun Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yixun Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Deyun Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China.
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4
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Mahato RK, Bhattacharya S, Khullar N, Sidhu IS, Reddy PH, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 technology: A novel paradigm for precision oncology. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:98-119. [PMID: 38065367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, despite recent advances in its identification and management. To improve cancer patient diagnosis and care, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers and molecular targets. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have surfaced as important contributors to various cellular activities, with growing proof indicating their substantial role in the genesis, development, and spread of cancer. Their unique expression profiles within specific tissues and their wide-ranging functionalities make lncRNAs excellent candidates for potential therapeutic intervention in cancer management. They are implicated in multiple hallmarks of cancer, such as uncontrolled proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. This review article explores the innovative application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in targeting lncRNAs as a cancer therapeutic strategy. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely applied in functional genomics, gene therapy, and cancer research, offering a versatile platform for lncRNA targeting. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeting of lncRNAs can be achieved through CRISPR interference, activation or the complete knockout of lncRNA loci. Combining CRISPR-Cas9 technology with high-throughput functional genomics makes it possible to identify lncRNAs critical for the survival of specific cancer subtypes, opening the door for tailored treatments and personalised cancer therapies. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated lncRNA targeting with other cutting-edge cancer therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted molecular therapeutics can be used to overcome the drug resistance in cancer. The synergy of lncRNA research and CRISPR-Cas9 technology presents immense potential for individualized cancer treatment, offering renewed hope in the battle against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Mahato
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Srinjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Inderpal Singh Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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GÜZEL TANOĞLU E, ADIGÜZEL S, TANOĞLU A, AYDIN ZB, HOCAOĞLU G, EBİNÇ S. Long noncoding RNAs in pancreas cancer: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1552-1564. [PMID: 38813489 PMCID: PMC10760575 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules with a heterogeneous structure consisting of 200 or more nucleotides. Because these noncoding RNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, they have properties similar to messenger RNA (mRNA). Contrary to popular belief, the term "ncRNA" originated before the discovery of microRNAs. LncRNA genes are more numerous than protein-coding genes. They are the focus of current molecular research because of their pivotal roles in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasing around the world and research on the molecular aspects of PC are growing. In this review, it is aimed to provide critical information about lncRNAs in PC, including the biological and oncological behaviors of lncRNAs in PC and their potential application in therapeutic strategies and as diagnostic tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra GÜZEL TANOĞLU
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Seyfure ADIGÜZEL
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Alpaslan TANOĞLU
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Zehra Betül AYDIN
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Gülizar HOCAOĞLU
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Samet EBİNÇ
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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Ferraz RS, Cavalcante JVF, Magalhães L, Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos Â, Dalmolin RJS. Revealing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer master regulator through lncRNAs-centered regulatory network. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19279-19290. [PMID: 37644825 PMCID: PMC10557827 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive form of cancer unresponsive to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that spreads quickly to other organs. Despite reduced androgen levels after ADT, mCRPC development and lethality continues to be conducted by the androgen receptor (AR) axis. The maintenance of AR signaling in mCRPC is a result of AR alterations, androgen intratumoral production, and the action of regulatory elements, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are key elements in cancer signaling, acting in tumor growth, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor progression. In prostate cancer (PCa), the ncRNAs have been reported to be associated with AR expression, PCa proliferation, and castration resistance. In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the lncRNA-centered regulatory network of mCRPC and identify the lncRNAs which act as master regulators (MRs). METHODS We used publicly available RNA-sequencing to infer the regulatory network of lncRNAs in mCRPC. Five gene signatures were employed to conduct the master regulator analysis. Inferred MRs were then subjected to functional enrichment and symbolic regression modeling. The latter approach was applied to identify the lncRNAs with greater predictive capacity and potential as a biomarker in mCRPC. RESULTS We identified 31 lncRNAs involved in cellular proliferation, tumor metabolism, and invasion-metastasis cascade. SNHG18 and HELLPAR were the highlights of our results. SNHG18 was downregulated in mCRPC and enriched to metastasis signatures. It accurately distinguished both mCRPC and primary CRPC from normal tissue and was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell-matrix adhesion pathways. HELLPAR consistently distinguished mCRPC from primary CRPC and normal tissue using only its expression. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to understanding the regulatory behavior of lncRNAs in mCRPC and indicate SNHG18 and HELLPAR as master regulators and potential new diagnostic targets in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Sousa Ferraz
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of ParaBelemBrazil
| | | | - Leandro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of ParaBelemBrazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of ParaBelemBrazil
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Aprile M, Costa V, Cimmino A, Calin GA. Emerging role of oncogenic long noncoding RNA as cancer biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:822-834. [PMID: 36082440 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The view of long noncoding RNAs as nonfunctional "garbage" has been definitely outdated by the large body of evidence indicating this class of ncRNAs as "golden junk", especially in precision oncology. Indeed, in light of their oncogenic role and the higher expression in multiple cancer types compared with paired adjacent tissues, the clinical interest for lncRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers has been rapidly increasing. The emergence of large-scale sequencing technologies, their subsequent diffusion even in small research and clinical centers, the technological advances for the detection of low-copy lncRNAs in body fluids, coupled to the huge reduction of operating costs, have nowadays made possible to rapidly and comprehensively profile them in multiple tumors and large cohorts. In this review, we first summarize some relevant data about the oncogenic role of well-studied lncRNAs having a clinical relevance. Then, we focus on the description of their potential use as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, including an updated overview about licensed patents or clinical trials on lncRNAs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Lauer RC, Barry M, Smith TL, Thomas AM, Wu J, Du R, Lee JH, Rao A, Dobroff AS, Arap MA, Nunes DN, Silva IT, Dias-Neto E, Chen I, McCance DJ, Cavenee WK, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Dysregulation of the PRUNE2/PCA3 genetic axis in human prostate cancer: from experimental discovery to validation in two independent patient cohorts. eLife 2023; 12:81929. [PMID: 36645410 PMCID: PMC9886275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that the long non-coding (lnc)RNA prostate cancer associated 3 (PCA3; formerly prostate cancer antigen 3) functions as a trans-dominant negative oncogene by targeting the previously unrecognized prostate cancer suppressor gene PRUNE2 (a homolog of the Drosophila prune gene), thereby forming a functional unit within a unique allelic locus in human cells. Here, we investigated the PCA3/PRUNE2 regulatory axis from early (tumorigenic) to late (biochemical recurrence) genetic events during human prostate cancer progression. Methods The reciprocal PCA3 and PRUNE2 gene expression relationship in paired prostate cancer and adjacent normal prostate was analyzed in two independent retrospective cohorts of clinically annotated cases post-radical prostatectomy: a single-institutional discovery cohort (n=107) and a multi-institutional validation cohort (n=497). We compared the tumor gene expression of PCA3 and PRUNE2 to their corresponding expression in the normal prostate. We also serially examined clinical/pathological variables including time to disease recurrence. Results We consistently observed increased expression of PCA3 and decreased expression of PRUNE2 in prostate cancer compared with the adjacent normal prostate across all tumor grades and stages. However, there was no association between the relative gene expression levels of PCA3 or PRUNE2 and time to disease recurrence, independent of tumor grades and stages. Conclusions We concluded that upregulation of the lncRNA PCA3 and targeted downregulation of the protein-coding PRUNE2 gene in prostate cancer could be early (rather than late) molecular events in the progression of human prostate tumorigenesis but are not associated with biochemical recurrence. Further studies of PCA3/PRUNE2 dysregulation are warranted. Funding We received support from the Human Tissue Repository and Tissue Analysis Shared Resource from the Department of Pathology of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine and a pilot award from the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center. RP and WA were supported by awards from the Levy-Longenbaugh Donor-Advised Fund and the Prostate Cancer Foundation. EDN reports research fellowship support from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil, and the Associação Beneficente Alzira Denise Hertzog Silva (ABADHS), Brazil. This work has been funded in part by the NCI Cancer Center Support Grants (CCSG; P30) to the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center (CA118100) and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CA072720).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Lauer
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer CenterAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
| | - Marc Barry
- Department of Pathology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UtahUnited States
| | - Tracey L Smith
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNewark, New JerseyUnited States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, New JerseyUnited States
| | - Andrew Maltez Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jin Wu
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer CenterAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
| | - Ruofei Du
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, ArkansasUnited States
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of FloridaGainesville, FloridaUnited States
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer CenterGainesville, FloridaUnited States
| | - Arpit Rao
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TexasUnited States
| | - Andrey S Dobroff
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer CenterAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Marco A Arap
- Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Syrian-Lebanese HospitalSão PauloBrazil
| | - Diana N Nunes
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | - Israel T Silva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | - Isan Chen
- MBrace TherapeuticsSan Diego, CaliforniaUnited States
| | - Dennis J McCance
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer CenterAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New MexicoUnited States
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaUnited States
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNewark, New JerseyUnited States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, New JerseyUnited States
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNewark, New JerseyUnited States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, New JerseyUnited States
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Shen D, Peng H, Xia C, Deng Z, Tong X, Wang G, Qian K. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939070. [PMID: 35923466 PMCID: PMC9339612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies with frequent remote invasion and metastasis, leading to high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in embryonic development and plays a key role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could regulate the occurrence and development of EMT through various complex molecular mechanisms involving multiple signaling pathways in PCa. Given the importance of EMT and lncRNAs in the progression of tumor metastasis, we recapitulate the research progress of EMT-related signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in PCa, including AR signaling, STAT3 signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize four modes of how lncRNAs participate in the EMT process of PCa via regulating relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Xia
- President’s Office, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
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10
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The promising role of new molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer: from coding and non-coding genes to artificial intelligence approaches. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:431-443. [PMID: 35422101 PMCID: PMC9385485 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Risk stratification or progression in prostate cancer is performed with the support of clinical-pathological data such as the sum of the Gleason score and serum levels PSA. For several decades, methods aimed at the early detection of prostate cancer have included the determination of PSA serum levels. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview about recent advances in the discovery of new molecular biomarkers through transcriptomics, genomics and artificial intelligence that are expected to improve clinical management of the prostate cancer patient. Methods An exhaustive search was conducted by Pubmed, Google Scholar and Connected Papers using keywords relating to the genetics, genomics and artificial intelligence in prostate cancer, it includes “biomarkers”, “non-coding RNAs”, “lncRNAs”, “microRNAs”, “repetitive sequence”, “prognosis”, “prediction”, “whole-genome sequencing”, “RNA-Seq”, “transcriptome”, “machine learning”, and “deep learning”. Results New advances, including the search for changes in novel biomarkers such as mRNAs, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and repetitive sequences, are expected to contribute to an earlier and accurate diagnosis for each patient in the context of precision medicine, thus improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients. We analyze several aspects that are relevant for prostate cancer including its new molecular markers associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction to therapy and how bioinformatic approaches such as machine learning and deep learning can contribute to clinic. Furthermore, we also include current techniques that will allow an earlier diagnosis, such as Spatial Transcriptomics, Exome Sequencing, and Whole-Genome Sequencing. Conclusion Transcriptomic and genomic analysis have contributed to generate knowledge in the field of prostate carcinogenesis, new information about coding and non-coding genes as biomarkers has emerged. Synergies created by the implementation of artificial intelligence to analyze and understand sequencing data have allowed the development of clinical strategies that facilitate decision-making and improve personalized management in prostate cancer.
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11
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Gan J, Zeng X, Wang X, Wu Y, Lei P, Wang Z, Yang C, Hu Z. Effective Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Based on mRNAs From Urinary Exosomes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:736110. [PMID: 35402423 PMCID: PMC8983915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.736110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel non-invasive biomarkers are urgently required to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the diagnostic value of following candidate genes (ERG, PCA3, ARV7, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM) were estimated by testing mRNAs from urinary exosomes of patients with primary PCa. Methods Exosomes were obtained using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), out of which RNAs were extracted, then analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction according to manufacturer's protocol. Results The expression of urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were significantly increased in patients with PCa compared with healthy males. In addition, the levels of urinary exosomal ERG, ARV7, and PSMA were intimately correlated with the Gleason score in PCa patients (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) showed that urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were able to distinguish patients with PCa from healthy individuals with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782, 0.783, 0.772, 0.731, and 0.739, respectively. Urinary exosomal PCA3 and PSMA distinguished PCa patients from healthy individuals with an AUC of 0.870. Combination of urinary exosomal PCA3, PSMA with serum PSA and PI-RADS achieved higher AUC compared with PSA alone (0.914 and 0.846, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that PCA3, ARV7, and EpCAM were associated in androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) failure time which is defined as from the initiation of ADT in hormone-sensitive stage to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Conclusion These findings suggested that mRNAs from urinary exosomes have the potential in serving as novel and non-invasive indicators for PCa diagnosis and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Gan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zhu YS, Zhu J. Molecular and cellular functions of long non-coding RNAs in prostate and breast cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:91-179. [PMID: 35152976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Research over the last decade has made great strides in our understanding of lncRNAs, especially in the biology of their role in cancer. In this article, we will briefly discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of lncRNAs, then review their molecular and cellular functions in cancer by using prostate and breast cancer as examples. LncRNAs are abundant, diverse, and evolutionarily, less conserved than protein-coding genes. They are often expressed in a tumor and cell-specific manner. As a key epigenetic factor, lncRNAs can use a wide variety of molecular mechanisms to regulate gene expression at each step of the genetic information flow pathway. LncRNAs display widespread effects on cell behavior, tumor growth, and metastasis. They act intracellularly and extracellularly in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine fashion. Increased understanding of lncRNA's role in cancer has facilitated the development of novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, led to greater understanding of cancer prognosis, enabled better prediction of therapeutic responses, and promoted identification of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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A review on the role of PCA3 lncRNA in carcinogenesis with an especial focus on prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Khawar MB, Hamid SE, Jan T, Abbasi MH, Idnan M, Sheikh N. Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2311-2319. [PMID: 35072835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides in length and undergo splicing, capping, polyadenylation, and editing just like mRNA. Evidence is growing that they regulate transcription, splicing, RNA degradation, and translation of genes and that their expression has been linked to a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The advancement of next-generation and high-throughput sequencing has changed the way lncRNAs are identified and characterized, revealing a relationship between lncRNAs and several tumor types. Since then, they have gained a significant attraction as a promising candidate in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Furthermore, they are a good candidate for consideration as tumor biomarkers due to their high stability, better tissue/cell selectivity, aberrant expression in certain malignancies, and easy and noninvasive detection. In addition, lncRNAs are being examined as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies. This review highlights the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in light of the current progress, clinical investigations, and patents filed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyba Jan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Idnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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15
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Bae J, Yang SH, Kim A, Kim HG. RNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response monitoring of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:105.e1-105.e10. [PMID: 34952790 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract. The current recommendations for CaP diagnosis rely on the prostate-specific antigen levels and a digital rectal examination for anatomical abnormalities. However, these diagnostic tools are not highly sensitive. In particular, prostate-specific antigen has a low positive predictive value (approximately 30%). Thus, there is a need to develop biomarkers to improve the early clinical detection of CaP. Several novel technologies enable the identification of biomarkers from diverse sources, including the urine, serum, and prostate tissues. Furthermore, advances in genomic techniques have enabled the analysis of novel biomarkers, such as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs), proteins, and circulating tumor cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that RNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for various cancers using high-throughput sequencing analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of RNA biomarkers are higher than those of protein biomarkers. Polymerase chain reaction enables the amplification of trace levels of RNAs with high sensitivity and specificity. RNA biomarkers provide dynamic insights into cellular states and regulatory processes when compared with DNA biomarkers. Additionally, multiple copies of various RNAs in a cell provide more information than DNA. The levels of specific RNAs in CaP tissues are upregulated when compared with those in non-cancerous tissues. Additionally, RNAs can be easily isolated from various body fluids. Thus, RNAs are potential non-invasive biomarkers for CaP. Moreover, the analysis of RNA levels adjusted for each stage of CaP enables the determination of prognostic individualized therapy for aggressive or progressive CaP. This review focused on the diagnostic and prognostic values of RNAs for CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Bae
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Taheri M, Khoshbakht T, Jamali E, Kallenbach J, Ghafouri-Fard S, Baniahmad A. Interaction between Non-Coding RNAs and Androgen Receptor with an Especial Focus on Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113198. [PMID: 34831421 PMCID: PMC8619311 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has three functional domains, namely the N-terminal, DNA binding, and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain harbors potent transactivation functions, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to androgens and antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer. AR has genomic activity being DNA binding-dependent or through interaction with other DNA-bound transcription factors, as well as a number of non-genomic, non-canonical functions, such as the activation of the ERK, AKT, and MAPK pathways. A bulk of evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs have functional interactions with AR. This type of interaction is implicated in the pathogenesis of human malignancies, particularly prostate cancer. In the current review, we summarize the available data on the role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs on the expression of AR and modulation of AR signaling, as well as the effects of AR on their expression. Recognition of the complicated interaction between non-coding RNAs and AR has practical importance in the design of novel treatment options, as well as modulation of response to conventional therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran;
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran;
| | - Julia Kallenbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.G.-F.); (A.B.)
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.G.-F.); (A.B.)
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17
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Tayefeh-Gholami S, Ghanbari M, Aghazadeh A, Rajabi A, Saber A, Hussen BM, Farsad-Akhtar N, Safaralizadeh R. Prognostic Value of LncRNA KRT18P55 in Patients with Intestinal Type of Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:1014-1019. [PMID: 34766250 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease, and this heterogeneity significantly affects survival and treatment outcomes. Identification of molecular biomarkers specific for early-stage GC can help clinicians to choose more precise and effective treatment approaches. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the potential to be used as biomarkers because of their tissue specificity, stability, and availability in body fluids. In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in the expression levels of lncRNA KRT18P55 and to assess its biomarker potentials in patients with GC. METHODS Tumor and non-tumor marginal tissues were collected from 102 patients at Noor-Nejat Hospital (Tabriz, Iran). RNA was isolated, and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess KRT18P55 expression levels in tumor and non-tumor tissue samples. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate potentials of KRT18P55 as a prognostic biomarker in GC. SPSS and GraphPad Prism software were used for data analysis. RESULTS We found that KRT18P55 is significantly overexpressed in tumor as compared to non-tumor tissues (p < 0.0001). We found a significant association between KRT18P55 overexpression and intestinal GC subtype (p < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.013), and Helicobacter pylori infection (p = 0.033). Based on the ROC analysis, KRT18P55 showed a sensitivity and specificity of 53.92% and 77.45%, respectively. CONCLUSION Overexpression of KRT18P55 in gastric tumors is suggestive of its oncogenic role in GC. In addition, KRT18P55 may be used as a potential prognosis biomarker and therapeutic target in intestinal GC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Tayefeh-Gholami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aida Aghazadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Saber
- Zimagene Medical Genetics Laboratory, Avicenna St, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognocy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Nader Farsad-Akhtar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Imada EL, Sanchez DF, Dinalankara W, Vidotto T, Ebot EM, Tyekucheva S, Franco GR, Mucci LA, Loda M, Schaeffer EM, Lotan T, Marchionni L. Transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss in primary prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:856. [PMID: 34311724 PMCID: PMC8314517 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is the most frequently lost tumor suppressor in primary prostate cancer (PCa) and its loss is associated with aggressive disease. However, the transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss in PCa have not been described in detail. In this study, we highlight the transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss in PCa. METHODS Using a meta-analysis approach, we leveraged two large PCa cohorts with experimentally validated PTEN and ERG status by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), to derive a transcriptomic signature of PTEN loss, while also accounting for potential confounders due to ERG rearrangements. This signature was expanded to lncRNAs using the TCGA quantifications from the FC-R2 expression atlas. RESULTS The signatures indicate a strong activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems upon PTEN loss, as well as an expected activation of cell-cycle genes. Moreover, we made use of our recently developed FC-R2 expression atlas to expand this signature to include many non-coding RNAs recently annotated by the FANTOM consortium. Highlighting potential novel lncRNAs associated with PTEN loss and PCa progression. CONCLUSION We created a PCa specific signature of the transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss that comprises both the coding and an extensive non-coding counterpart, highlighting potential new players in PCa progression. We also show that contrary to what is observed in other cancers, PTEN loss in PCa leads to increased activation of the immune system. These findings can help the development of new biomarkers and help guide therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Luidy Imada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Wikum Dinalankara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Regina Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorelei Ann Mucci
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Current Trends in Prevalence and Role of Long Noncoding RNA and Gene Fusion in Prostate Cancer: An Overview. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the current scenario in the diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate for relevant data. Articles published in the last 10 years were taken into consideration. The role of long noncoding RNA and gene fusion products in the context of prostate cancer was reviewed, which included their roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to therapy.
Results Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been isolated and have been shown to be useful in diagnosing and prognosticating prostate cancer. We have also looked into the role of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in prostate carcinoma diagnosis. These molecular parameters have been looked into due to the fact that the current parameters in use such as prostate-specific antigen have several drawbacks that limit their potential.
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20
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Tortora F, Calin GA, Cimmino A. Effects of long non-coding RNAs on androgen signaling pathways in genitourinary malignancies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111197. [PMID: 33577974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The non-coding RNA (ncRNA) are generally classified, based on length, into small ncRNAs less than 200 nucleotides, such as miRNA, and long ncRNA (lnRNA) with more than 200 nucleotides. The transcription of ncRNAs, similarly to genes that code for proteins, is highly deregulated in cancer. Their expression level can influence physiological processes, e.g. epigenetic regulation of gene expression, regulation of cell cycle and modification of chromatin. Recent studies on androgen receptor in oncology revealed that it exerts a pivotal role in genitourinary malignancies, in particular in prostate tumor was demonstrated that its deregulation takes part in all stages of carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss present learning of the main lnRNAs involvement on androgen signaling pathways in genitourinary neoplasms, highlighting lnRNAs potential in the regulating network comfortable to cancer onset and progression, and discuss the lnRNAs prognostic and diagnostic value in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Tortora
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department and Leukemia Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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21
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Cimmino I, Bravaccini S, Cerchione C. Urinary Biomarkers in Tumors: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2292:3-15. [PMID: 33651347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that urine is a useful noninvasive tool for the identification of urogenital tumors, including bladder, prostate, kidney, and other nonurological cancers. As a liquid biopsy, urine represents an important source for the improvement of new promising biomarkers, a suitable tool to identify indolent cancer and avoid overtreatment. Urine is enriched with DNAs, RNAs, proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and other small molecules which can be detected with several diagnostic methodologies.We provide an overview of the ongoing state of urinary biomarkers underlying both their potential utilities to improve cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategy and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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22
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Ito S, Ueda T, Yokoyama A, Fujihara A, Hongo F, Ukimura O. PCA3 controls chromatin organization and p53 signal activation by regulating LAP2α-lamin A complexes. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:358-368. [PMID: 33758375 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a prostate cancer-specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Here, we report that lncRNA PCA3 plays a role in prostate cancer progression that is mediated by nucleoplasmic lamins. PCA3 interacts with the C-terminal region of lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP) 2α. The C-terminal region of LAP2α includes tumor suppressor protein retinoblastoma (pRb)- and lamin-binding domains, and it is necessary for the regulation and stabilization of the nucleoplasmic pool of lamin A. PCA3 inhibits the interaction of LAP2α with lamin A through binding with the C-terminus of LAP2α. The level of nucleoplasmic lamin A/C is increased by knockdown of PCA3. Together, the level of LAP2α within the nucleus is increased by PCA3 knockdown. In PCA3 knockdown cells, the levels of HP1γ, trimethylation of Lys9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), and trimethylation of Lys36 on histone H3 (H3K36me3) are upregulated. In contrast, trimethylation of Lys4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) is downregulated. We further demonstrate that activation of the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle arrest are promoted in the absence of PCA3. These findings support a unique mechanism in which prostate cancer-specific lncRNA controls chromatin organization via regulation of the nucleoplasmic pool of lamins. This proposed mechanism suggests that cancer progression may be mediated by nuclear lamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Ito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuko Fujihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Brisotto G, Guerrieri R, Colizzi F, Steffan A, Montico B, Fratta E. Long Noncoding RNAs as Innovative Urinary Diagnostic Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2292:73-94. [PMID: 33651353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is now widely studied as a promising source of cancer-derived biomarkers because of their role in tumor formation and progression. However, CTCs analysis presents some limitations and no standardized method for CTCs isolation from urine has been defined so far. In fact, besides blood, urine represents an ideal source of noninvasive biomarkers, especially for the early detection of genitourinary tumors. Besides CTCs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers, and the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of urinary lncRNAs has dramatically increased over the last years, with many studies being published. Therefore, this review provides an update on the clinical utility of urinary lncRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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Altschuler J, Stockert JA, Kyprianou N. Non-Coding RNAs Set a New Phenotypic Frontier in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042100. [PMID: 33672595 PMCID: PMC7924036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) mortality remains a significant public health problem, as advanced disease has poor survivability due to the development of resistance in response to both standard and novel therapeutic interventions. Therapeutic resistance is a multifaceted problem involving the interplay of a number of biological mechanisms including genetic, signaling, and phenotypic alterations, compounded by the contributions of a tumor microenvironment that supports tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. The androgen receptor (AR) is a primary regulator of prostate cell growth, response and maintenance, and the target of most standard PCa therapies designed to inhibit AR from interacting with androgens, its native ligands. As such, AR remains the main driver of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in combination with microtubule-targeting taxane chemotherapy, offers survival benefits in patients with mCRPC, therapeutic resistance invariably develops, leading to lethal disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance is critical to improving therapeutic outcomes and also to the development of biomarker signatures of predictive value. The interconversions between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) navigate the prostate tumor therapeutic response, and provide a novel targeting platform in overcoming therapeutic resistance. Both microRNA (miRNA)- and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanisms have been associated with epigenetic changes in prostate cancer. This review discusses the current evidence-based knowledge of the role of the phenotypic transitions and novel molecular determinants (non-coding RNAs) as contributors to the emergence of therapeutic resistance and metastasis and their integrated predictive value in prostate cancer progression to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Altschuler
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Jennifer A. Stockert
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Tezerjani MD, Kalantar SM. Unraveling the dark matter, long non-coding RNAs, in male reproductive diseases: A narrative review. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:921-934. [PMID: 33349800 PMCID: PMC7749978 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i11.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human transcriptome have revealed the fundamental and functional roles of long non-coding RNA in the susceptibility to diverse diseases and pathological conditions. They participate in wide range of biological processes such as the modulating of chromatin structure, transcription, translation, and post-translation modification. In addition, based on their unique expression profiles and their association with clinical abnormalities such as those of related to male reproductive diseases, they can be used to develop therapeutic methods and biomarkers for screening of the diseases. In this study, we will review the identified lncRNAs and their molecular functions in the pathogenesis of male reproductive diseases such as prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, testicular cancer, varicocele, and sperm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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26
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Qian Y, Shi L, Luo Z. Long Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:612393. [PMID: 33330574 PMCID: PMC7734181 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.612393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are arising as important players in various biological pathways. They have received extensive attention in recent years, regarded to be involved in both developmental processes and various diseases. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNAs with high specificity and accuracy have the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNAs can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Currently, the most well-recognized lncRNA is PCA3, which has been approved for use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications, clinical trials and patents, addressing the potential of lncRNAs that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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27
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Sang Y, Wang X, Yu P, Zhang L, Dai Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Liu Z, Wang Y, Tao Z. Prostatic aspirated cellular RNA analysis enables fast diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100963. [PMID: 33248415 PMCID: PMC7704456 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirated cellular RNA analysis technique based on needle biopsies was firstly described on prostate cancer (PCa). Aspirated cellular RNA analysis can provide urgent information for PCa diagnosis and staging. This technique enables fast and reliable review of whole-biopsy molecular profile prior to histopathological diagnosis.
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the potential application of prostatic aspirated cellular RNA analysis technique for fast diagnosing and staging prostate cancer. Methods Prostatic aspirated cells were obtained immediately after transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle biopsy. Cellular RNA such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA, prostate specific antigen (PSA) mRNA and prostate-specific RNA (PCA3) mRNA were analyzed by using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). PCA3 score was calculated as the ratio of PCA3 mRNA to PSA mRNA expression. Diagnostic performance of the fast-aspirated cellular RNA analysis technique for determining prostate cancer and metastatic status were evaluated by developing receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), and the correlation between aspirated cellular RNA mRNA expressions and risk grouping was calculated, to investigate the underlying potential for PCa staging. Results PCA3 score was significantly higher in prostatic aspirated cells obtained from cancerous tissues than noncancerous tissues. The median aspirated cellular PCA3 score was higher in patients with PCa compared to BPH, and presenting an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.79–0.94) for PCa diagnosis. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that baseline median aspirated cellular PCA3 score (OR=9.316, 95%CI: 1.045–83.033, P<0.05) was an independent predictive factor for metastatic status in PCa patients. Conclusion The ease of use and minimal complexity of fast prostatic aspirated cellular RNA analysis may be a valuable diagnostic technique, providing urgent diagnostic information for accurate PCa diagnosing and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Sang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhang Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Dingerdissen HM, Bastian F, Vijay-Shanker K, Robinson-Rechavi M, Bell A, Gogate N, Gupta S, Holmes E, Kahsay R, Keeney J, Kincaid H, King CH, Liu D, Crichton DJ, Mazumder R. OncoMX: A Knowledgebase for Exploring Cancer Biomarkers in the Context of Related Cancer and Healthy Data. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 4:210-220. [PMID: 32142370 PMCID: PMC7101249 DOI: 10.1200/cci.19.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of OncoMX1 knowledgebase development was to integrate cancer biomarker and relevant data types into a meta-portal, enabling the research of cancer biomarkers side by side with other pertinent multidimensional data types. METHODS Cancer mutation, cancer differential expression, cancer expression specificity, healthy gene expression from human and mouse, literature mining for cancer mutation and cancer expression, and biomarker data were integrated, unified by relevant biomedical ontologies, and subjected to rule-based automated quality control before ingestion into the database. RESULTS OncoMX provides integrated data encompassing more than 1,000 unique biomarker entries (939 from the Early Detection Research Network [EDRN] and 96 from the US Food and Drug Administration) mapped to 20,576 genes that have either mutation or differential expression in cancer. Sentences reporting mutation or differential expression in cancer were extracted from more than 40,000 publications, and healthy gene expression data with samples mapped to organs are available for both human genes and their mouse orthologs. CONCLUSION OncoMX has prioritized user feedback as a means of guiding development priorities. By mapping to and integrating data from several cancer genomics resources, it is hoped that OncoMX will foster a dynamic engagement between bioinformaticians and cancer biomarker researchers. This engagement should culminate in a community resource that substantially improves the ability and efficiency of exploring cancer biomarker data and related multidimensional data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederic Bastian
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Robinson-Rechavi
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Bell
- The George Washington University, Washington DC
| | | | | | - Evan Holmes
- The George Washington University, Washington DC
| | | | | | | | | | - David Liu
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA
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Jiang G, Su Z, Liang X, Huang Y, Lan Z, Jiang X. Long non-coding RNAs in prostate tumorigenesis and therapy (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:76. [PMID: 33005410 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancy. Although there have been many advances in PCa diagnosis and therapy, the concrete mechanism remains unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel biomarkers associated with PCa, and their dysregulated expression is closely associated with risk stratification, diagnosis and carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence has suggested that lncRNAs play important roles in prostate tumorigenesis through relevant pathways, such as androgen receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt. The present review systematically summarized the potential clinical utility of lncRNAs and provided a novel guide for their function in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming Su
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Ziquan Lan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xianhan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.,Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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Wang K, Zhao H, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Tan H, Zhang Y, Lin C. Effect of upregulation of DD3 on early detection and prognosis in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1550-1558. [PMID: 32944517 PMCID: PMC7475679 DOI: 10.21037/tau-19-899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3 OR DD3) in the blood has been reported to be significantly higher in prostate cancer (PCa) than in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). To confirm whether DD3 expression is significantly different between PCa and BPH tissues, DD3 expression was tested in the blood both preoperatively and postoperatively and in the paired tissues of PCa patients. Methods Expression levels of DD3 mRNA in the blood of patients who did not undergo surgery (PCa, n=102; BPH, n=53), those underwent surgery (preoperative, n=35; postoperative, n=35), and in PCa tissue specimens (tumor, n=41; adjacent normal, n=21) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Sensitivity and specificity for DD3 in PCa patients were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Our data suggest that expression level of DD3 in blood samples was significantly higher in PCa patients than in BPH patients (P=0.005). Expression of DD3 mRNA was also significantly elevated in PCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P=0.013). The increase in DD3 expression in PCa patients was further validated using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=549). Postoperative DD3 expression decreased following surgical intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, low DD3 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS). Using gene set enrichment analysis, DD3 expression was correlated with specific PCa target genes including carcinogenesis-related and cancer proliferation-related genes. Conclusions This study demonstrated that expression of DD3 was upregulated in blood and PCa tumor tissues and was associated with prognosis. The oncogenic role of DD3 was further validated in the TCGA database, indicating that DD3 is a potential therapeutic target for PCa. Furthermore, this study suggests that DD3 expression could be considered as a prognostic biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huishan Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingqian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuebao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Haotian Tan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Gu Z, Wu S, Wang J, Zhao S. Long non-coding RNA LINC01419 mediates miR-519a-3p/PDRG1 axis to promote cell progression in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:147. [PMID: 32390762 PMCID: PMC7201774 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with mortality rate worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert important functions in regulation of cancer initiation and progression. Recently, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1419 (LINC01419) has been reported to function as an oncogene in several cancers. However, its role in OS has not been explored yet. Methods qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were implemented to determine the expression of genes. The function of OS cells was assessed through colony formation, EdU, JC-1, TUNEL, transwell, and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. FISH and subcellular fractionation assays were conducted to estimate the localization of LINC01419 in OS cells. The interaction between genes was validated through luciferase reporter and RNA pull down assays. Results LINC01419 expression was elevated in OS tissues and cells. Functionally, LINC01419 accelerated OS cell proliferation, motility and EMT. In vivo assay showed that silencing LINC01419 hindered the growth of OS tumors. Mechanistic investigation unveiled that LINC01419 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to augment PDRG1 expression by miR-519a-3p sequestration. Rescue assays verified the oncogenic effect of LINC01419/miR-519a-3p/PDRG1 axis on OS development. Conclusion LINC01419 mediates malignant phenotypes in OS by targeting miR-519a-3p/PDRG1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital), No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaokun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital), No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital), No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China
| | - Shoujun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital), No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, No. 41 Northwest Street, Ningbo, 315010 Zhejiang China
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Yamkamon V, Htoo KPP, Yainoy S, Suksrichavalit T, Tangchaikeeree T, Eiamphungporn W. Urinary PCA3 detection in prostate cancer by magnetic nanoparticles coupled with colorimetric enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:501-513. [PMID: 32398974 PMCID: PMC7214775 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCA3 is one of the most prostate cancer-specific genes described to date. Of note, PCA3 expression is detectable at high level in the urine of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Accordingly, PCA3 is an ideal biomarker for PCa diagnosis. Several techniques for the measurement of this biomarker in urine have been developed but there are still some drawbacks. In this study, magnetic nanoparticle-based PCR coupled with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase and a substrate for colorimetric detection was established as a potential assay for urinary PCA3 detection. The method provided a high specificity for PCA3 gene in LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Additionally, this technique could detect PCA3 at femtogram level which was approximately 1,000-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The effectiveness of the method was assessed by PCA3 detection in clinical specimens. The relative PCA3 expression of PCa patients determined by this assay was significantly greater than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy controls. The results of our test were comparable with the results of qRT-PCR. The proposed method is promising to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous groups. Altogether, this simple assay is practicable and useful for prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichanan Yamkamon
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khin Phyu Pyar Htoo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thummaruk Suksrichavalit
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warawan Eiamphungporn
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of cellular machinery that are commonly dysregulated in genitourinary malignancies. Accordingly, the investigation of lncRNAs is improving our understanding of genitourinary cancers, from development to progression and dissemination. lncRNAs are involved in major oncogenic events in genitourinary malignancies, including androgen receptor (AR) signalling in prostate cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation in renal cell carcinoma and invasiveness in bladder cancer, as well as multiple other proliferation and survival mechanisms. In line with their putative oncogenic roles, new lncRNA-based classifications are emerging as potent predictors of prognosis. In clinical practice, detection of oncogenic lncRNAs in serum or urine might enable early cancer detection, and lncRNAs might also be promising therapeutic targets for patients with genitourinary cancer. Furthermore, as predictors of sensitivity to anticancer treatments, lncRNAs could be integrated into future precision medicine strategies. Overall, lncRNAs are promising new candidates for molecular studies and for discovery of innovative biomarkers and are putative therapeutic targets in genitourinary oncology.
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Lemos AEG, Matos ADR, Ferreira LB, Gimba ERP. The long non-coding RNA PCA3: an update of its functions and clinical applications as a biomarker in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6589-6603. [PMID: 31762940 PMCID: PMC6859920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is an overexpressed prostate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), transcribed from an intronic region at the long arm of human chromosome 9q21–22. It has been described that PCA3 modulates prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival through modulating androgen receptor (AR) signaling, besides controlling the expression of several androgen responsive and cancer-related genes, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and those regulating gene expression and cell signaling. Also, PCA3 urine levels have been successfully used as a PCa diagnostic biomarker. In this review, we have highlighted recent findings regarding PCA3, addressing its gene structure, putative applications as a biomarker, a proposed origin of this lncRNA, roles in PCa biology and expression patterns. We also updated data regarding PCA3 interactions with cancer-related miRNAs and expression in other tissues and diseases beyond the prostate. Altogether, literature data indicate aberrant expression and dysregulated activity of PCA3, suggesting PCA3 as a promising relevant target that should be even further evaluated on its applicability for PCa detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Emília Goulart Lemos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas - Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline da Rocha Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas - Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências da Natureza (RCN), Instituto de Humanidades e Saúde, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Xu YH, Deng JL, Wang G, Zhu YS. Long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: Functional roles and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2019; 464:37-55. [PMID: 31465841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. LncRNAs have been documented to exhibit aberrant expression in various types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Currently, screening for prostate cancer results in overdiagnosis. The consequent overtreatment of patients with indolent disease in the clinic is due to the lack of appropriately sensitive and specific biomarkers. Thus, the identification of lncRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer is promising. In the present review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of lncRNA expression patterns and mechanisms in prostate cancer. In particular, we focus on lncRNAs regulated by the androgen receptor and the specific molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in prostate cancer to provide a potential clinical therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Jun-Li Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Ramnarine VR, Kobelev M, Gibb EA, Nouri M, Lin D, Wang Y, Buttyan R, Davicioni E, Zoubeidi A, Collins CC. The evolution of long noncoding RNA acceptance in prostate cancer initiation, progression, and its clinical utility in disease management. Eur Urol 2019; 76:546-559. [PMID: 31445843 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is increasingly evident that non-protein-coding regions of the genome can give rise to transcripts that form functional layers of the cancer genome. One of most abundant classes in these regions is long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). They have gained increasing attention in prostate cancer (PCa) and paved the way for a greater understanding of these cryptic regulators in cancer. OBJECTIVE To review current research exploring the functional biology of lncRNAs in PCa over the past three decades. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was performed using PubMed to search for reports with terms "long noncoding RNA", "prostate", and "cancer" over the past 30 yr (1988-2018). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We comprehensively surveyed the literature collected and summarise experiments leading to the characterisation of lncRNAs in PCa. A historical timeline of lncRNA identification is described, where each lncRNA is categorised mechanistically and within the primary areas of carcinogenesis: tumour risk and initiation, tumour promotion, tumour suppression, and tumour treatment resistance. We describe select lncRNAs that exemplify these areas. We also review whether these lncRNAs have a clinical utility in PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, and as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS The biology of lncRNA is multifaceted, demonstrating a complex array of molecular and cellular functions. These studies reveal that lncRNAs are involved in every stage of PCa. Their clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of PCa is well supported, but further evaluation for their therapeutic candidacy is needed. We provide a detailed resource and view inside the lncRNA landscape for other cancer biologists, oncologists, and clinicians. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study, we review current knowledge of the non-protein-coding genome in prostate cancer (PCa). We conclude that many of these regions are functional and a source of accurate biomarkers in PCa. With a strong research foundation, they hold promise as future therapeutic targets, yet clinical trials are necessary to determine their intrinsic value to PCa disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varune Rohan Ramnarine
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maxim Kobelev
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Decipher Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mannan Nouri
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Competing Endogenous RNA and Coexpression Network Analysis for Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutics in association with Metastasis Risk and Progression of Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8265958. [PMID: 31467637 PMCID: PMC6701351 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8265958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men. Despite the high incidence, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of PCa are still largely unknown, which limits the therapeutic options and leads to poor prognosis. Herein, based on the expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we investigated the interactions between long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA by constructing a competing endogenous RNA network. Several competing endogenous RNAs could participate in the tumorigenesis of PCa. Six lncRNA signatures were identified as potential candidates associated with stage progression by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In addition, 32 signatures from the coexpression network had potential diagnostic value for PCa lymphatic metastasis using machine learning algorithms. By targeting the coexpression network, the antifungal compound econazole was screened out for PCa treatment. Econazole could induce growth restraint, arrest the cell cycle, lead to apoptosis, inhibit migration, invasion, and adhesion in PC3 and DU145 cell lines, and inhibit the growth of prostate xenografts in nude mice. This systematic characterization of lncRNAs, microRNAs, and mRNAs in the risk of metastasis and progression of PCa will aid in the identification of candidate prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs.
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Ta HQ, Whitworth H, Yin Y, Conaway M, Frierson HF, Campbell MJ, Raj GV, Gioeli D. Discovery of a novel long noncoding RNA overlapping the LCK gene that regulates prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:113. [PMID: 31253147 PMCID: PMC6598369 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virtually all patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) will relapse and develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulatory elements of many cellular biological processes, and may serve as therapeutic targets for combating PCa progression. Here, we have discovered in a high-throughput RNAi screen a novel lncRNA in PCa, and assessed the oncogenic effects of this lncRNA. Methods Rapid amplification of cDNA ends and sequencing was utilized to identify a previously unannotated lncRNA lying within exon six and the 3’UTR of the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) gene. The levels of HULLK in the presence or absence of hormone and/or enzalutamide or coregulator inhibitors were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The determination of HULLK transcription and localization were characterized by strand-specific qPCR and cellular fractionation followed by qPCR, respectively. The correlation between HULLK expression and prostate cancer Gleason score was analyzed by droplet digital PCR. CyQuant assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of knocking down HULLK with shRNAs or overexpressing HULLK on cell growth. Results In this study, a previously unannotated lncRNA lying within exon six and 3’UTR of the LCK gene was dramatically upregulated by androgen in a dose-dependent manner, and the anti-androgen enzalutamide completely blocked this hormone-induced increase. Therefore, we labeled this lncRNA “HULLK” for Hormone-Upregulated lncRNA within LCK. Binding sites for two AR coregulators p300 and Brd4 reside near the HULLK transcriptional start site (TSS), and inhibitors of these coregulators downregulated HULLK. HULLK is transcribed from the sense strand of DNA, and predominantly localizes to the cytoplasm. HULLK transcripts are not only expressed in prostate cancer cell lines, but also prostate cancer patient tissue. Remarkably, there was a significant positive correlation between HULLK expression and high-grade PCa in multiple cohorts. shRNAs targeting HULLK significantly decreased PCa cell growth. Moreover, cells overexpressing HULLK were hypersensitive to androgen stimulation. Conclusions HULLK is a novel lncRNA situated within the LCK gene that may serve as an oncogene in PCa. Our data enhances our understanding of lncRNA biology and may assist in the development of additional biomarkers or more effective therapeutic targets for advanced PCa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-1039-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q Ta
- Departments of Microbiology Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Hilary Whitworth
- Departments of Microbiology Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Yi Yin
- College of Pharmacy Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mark Conaway
- Cancer Center Member, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Henry F Frierson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- College of Pharmacy Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Departments of Microbiology Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA. .,Cancer Center Member, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Eryilmaz IE, Aytac Vuruskan B, Kaygısız O, Egeli U, Tunca B, Kordan Y, Cecener G. RNA-based markers in biopsy cores with atypical small acinar proliferation: Predictive effect of T2E fusion positivity and MMP-2 upregulation for a subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis. Prostate 2019; 79:195-205. [PMID: 30294801 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) is a precursor lesion of prostate cancer (PC), and PC develops from this suspicious focus or an unsampled malignant gland nearby. However, PC-related molecular alterations that could guide the timing of repeat biopsies and help monitor PC risk in ASAP-diagnosed patients have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to first investigate the expression of seven different PC-related RNAs that included serine 2 (TMPRSS2): erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) gene (TMPRSS2-ERG, T2E) fusion, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), kallikrein related peptidase 3 (KLK3), androgen receptor (AR), prostate cancer specific antigen 3 (PCA3), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and 9. METHODS PC-related RNAs were evaluated using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) system in pathologically ASAP-diagnosed prostate biopsy cores from 55 patients presenting with a normal digital rectal examination and a PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL. RESULTS We detected that positive T2E fusion status (P = 0.013) and the expression of AMACR (P = 0.016), AR (P = 0.016) and MMP-2 (P = 0.013) were independently and significantly associated with PC risk in ASAP patients. There were also several statistically significant correlations between expression levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that T2E fusion positive ASAP patients with higher MMP-2 expression were more likely to be diagnosed with PC at a subsequent biopsy during the follow-up period (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Although, more clinical validations are needed for the stratification of PC risk in ASAP-diagnosed biopsy cores, our current results indicate that the coexistence of T2E fusion positivity with MMP-2 upregulation may help clinicians adjust their biopsy timetable and/or assessment of PC risk in ASAP-diagnosed patients with a PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ezgi Eryilmaz
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berna Aytac Vuruskan
- Medical Faculty, Medical Pathology Department, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Onur Kaygısız
- Medical Faculty, Urology Department, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Unal Egeli
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kordan
- Medical Faculty, Urology Department, Koc University, Topkapı, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
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Zhang G, He X, Ren C, Lin J, Wang Q. Retracted
: Long noncoding RNA PCA3 regulates prostate cancer through sponging miR‐218‐5p and modulating high mobility group box 1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13097-13109. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Xiangfei He
- Key‐Disciplines Laboratory Clinical‐Medicine Henan Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Chuanchuan Ren
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Research Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
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Ehsani R, Drabløs F. Measures of co-expression for improved function prediction of long non-coding RNAs. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:533. [PMID: 30567492 PMCID: PMC6300029 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost 16,000 human long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have been identified in the GENCODE project. However, the function of most of them remains to be discovered. The function of lncRNAs and other novel genes can be predicted by identifying significantly enriched annotation terms in already annotated genes that are co-expressed with the lncRNAs. However, such approaches are sensitive to the methods that are used to estimate the level of co-expression. RESULTS We have tested and compared two well-known statistical metrics (Pearson and Spearman) and two geometrical metrics (Sobolev and Fisher) for identification of the co-expressed genes, using experimental expression data across 19 normal human tissues. We have also used a benchmarking approach based on semantic similarity to evaluate how well these methods are able to predict annotation terms, using a well-annotated set of protein-coding genes. CONCLUSION This work shows that geometrical metrics, in particular in combination with the statistical metrics, will predict annotation terms more efficiently than traditional approaches. Tests on selected lncRNAs confirm that it is possible to predict the function of these genes given a reliable set of expression data. The software used for this investigation is freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Ehsani
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. .,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Sun M, Geng D, Li S, Chen Z, Zhao W. LncRNA PART1 modulates toll-like receptor pathways to influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Biol Chem 2018; 399:387-395. [PMID: 29261512 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated thoroughly the effect of lncRNA PART1 on prostate cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis, through regulating toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. LncRNA PART1 expression was also examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) in human tissues and the cells lines LNCaP and PC3. After transfection with si-PART1 or control constructs, the cell viability was measured by MTS and colony formation assays. In addition, the apoptosis rate of the prostate cancer cells was validated by TUNEL staining. Relationships between lncRNA PART1 expression and TLR pathway genes were demonstrated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. High levels of lncRNA PART1 expression were correlated with advanced cancer stage and predication of poor survival. LncRNA PART1 levels was increased in PCa cells treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), confirming PART1 was directly induced by androgen. Moreover, down-regulation of lncRNA PART1 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation and accelerated cell apoptosis. In addition, lncRNA PART1 induced downstream genes expression in TLR pathways including TLR3, TNFSF10 and CXCL13 to further influence prostate cancer cells, indicating its carcinogenesis on prostate cancer. LncRNA PART1 promoted cell proliferation ability and apoptosis via the inhibition of TLR pathways in prostate cancer. LncRNA PART1 could hence be considered as a new target in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Donghua Geng
- Department of General Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaofu Chen
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
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Lim MCJ, Baird AM, Aird J, Greene J, Kapoor D, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. RNAs as Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Prostate Cancer-From Cell Line Models to Liquid Biopsies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E60. [PMID: 30200254 PMCID: PMC6163368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of prostate cancer has evolved rapidly over the past five years. The explosion in treatment advances has been witnessed in parallel with significant progress in the field of molecular biomarkers. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled the molecular profiling of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture of prostate and other cancers. Coupled with this, is a renewed interest in the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in prostate cancer biology. ncRNA consists of several different classes including small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These families are under active investigation, given their essential roles in cancer initiation, development and progression. This review focuses on the evidence for the role of RNAs in prostate cancer, and their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and targets for treatment in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin C J Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer and Ageing Research Programme, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Dhruv Kapoor
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 YN26, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James's Street, Dublin D08 X4RX, Ireland.
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Fujita K, Nonomura N. Urinary biomarkers of prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2018; 25:770-779. [PMID: 30129068 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of more specific biomarkers for prostate cancer and/or high-risk prostate cancer is necessary, because the prostate-specific antigen test lacks specificity for the detection of prostate cancer and can lead to unnecessary prostate biopsies. Urine is a promising source for the development of new biomarkers of prostate cancer. Biomarkers derived from prostate cancer cells are released into prostatic fluids and then into urine. Urine after manipulation of the prostate is enriched with prostate cancer biomarkers, which include prostate cancer cells, DNAs, RNAs, proteins and other small molecules. The urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 test is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved RNA-based urinary marker, and it helps in the detection of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. The SelectMDx test is based on messenger RNA detection of DLX1 and HOXC6 in urine after prostate massage, and helps in the detection of high-risk prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-200 nm that are secreted from various types of cells. Urinary prostate cancer-derived exosomes also contain RNAs and proteins specific for prostate cancer (e.g. PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG), and could be promising sources of novel biomarker discovery. The ExoDx Prostate test is a commercially available test based on the detection of three genes (PCA3, ERG and SPDEF) in urinary exosomes. Advancement of comprehensive analysis (microarray, mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing) has resulted in the discovery of several urinary biomarkers. Non-invasive urinary markers can help in the decision to carry out prostate biopsy or in the design of a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Arriaga-Canon C, De La Rosa-Velázquez IA, González-Barrios R, Montiel-Manríquez R, Oliva-Rico D, Jiménez-Trejo F, Cortés-González C, Herrera LA. The use of long non-coding RNAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20872-20890. [PMID: 29755696 PMCID: PMC5945524 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The most used biomarker to detect prostate cancer is Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), whose levels are measured in serum. However, it has been recently established that molecular markers of cancer should not be based solely on genes and proteins but should also reflect other genomic traits; long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve this purpose. lncRNAs are transcripts of >200 bases that do not encode proteins and that have been shown to display abnormal expression profiles in different types of cancer. Experimental studies have highlighted lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for prognoses and treatments in patients with different types of cancer, including prostate cancer, where the PCA3 lncRNA is currently used as a diagnostic tool and management strategy. With the development of genomic technologies, particularly next-generation sequencing (NGS), several other lncRNAs have been linked to prostate cancer and are currently under validation for their medical use. In this review, we will discuss different strategies for the discovery of novel lncRNAs that can be evaluated as prognostic biomarkers, the clinical impact of these lncRNAs and how lncRNAs can be used as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inti Alberto De La Rosa-Velázquez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Laboratorio de Genómica, CIC-Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, INCMNSZ, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan C.P.14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Tlalpan. C.P. 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Montiel-Manríquez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Tlalpan. C.P. 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Diego Oliva-Rico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Tlalpan. C.P. 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Carlo Cortés-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Tlalpan. C.P. 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Tlalpan. C.P. 14080, CDMX, Mexico
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Aird J, Baird AM, Lim MC, McDermott R, Finn SP, Gray SG. Carcinogenesis in prostate cancer: The role of long non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:29-38. [PMID: 30159437 PMCID: PMC6084828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs appear to play a considerable role in tumourigenesis through regulating key processes in cancer cells such as proliferative signalling, replicative immortality, invasion and metastasis, evasion of growth suppressors, induction of angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis. LncRNAs have been reported to play a role in prostate cancer, particularly in regulating the androgen receptor signalling pathway. In this review article, we summarise the role of 34 lncRNAs in prostate cancer with a particular focus on their role in the androgen receptor signalling pathway and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marvin C.J. Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Chistiakov DA, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Melnichenko AA, Orekhov AN. New biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of localized prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:9-16. [PMID: 29360504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostics and management of localized prostate cancer is complicated because of cancer heterogeneity and differentiated progression in various subgroups of patients. As a prostate cancer biomarker, FDA-approved detection assay for serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and its derivatives are not potent enough to diagnose prostate cancer, especially high-grade disease (Gleason ≥7). To date, a collection of new biomarkers was developed. Some of these markers are superior for primary screening while others are particularly helpful for cancer risk stratification, detection of high-grade cancer, and prediction of adverse events. Two of those markers such as proPSA (a part of the Prostate Health Index (PHI)) and prostate specific antigen 3 (PCA3) (a part of the PCA3 Progensa test) were recently approved by FDA for clinical use. Other markers are not PDA-approved yet but are available from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)-certified clinical laboratories. In this review, we characterize diagnostic performance of these markers and their diagnostic and prognostic utility for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609, Moscow, Russia.
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Filella X, Foj L. Novel Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Detection and Prognosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1095:15-39. [PMID: 30229547 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains as one of the most controversial issues in health care because of the dilemmas related to screening using Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). A high number of false positive biopsies and an elevated rate of overdiagnosis are the main problems associated with PSA. New PCa biomarkers have been recently proposed to increase the predictive value of PSA. The published results showed that PCA3 score, Prostate Health Index and 4Kscore can reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, outperforming better than PSA and the percentage of free PSA. Furthermore, 4Kscore provides with high accuracy an individual risk for high-grade PCa. High values of PHI are also associated with tumor aggressiveness. In contrast, the relationship of PCA3 score with aggressiveness remains controversial, with studies showing opposite conclusions. Finally, the development of molecular biology has opened the study of genes, among them TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene and miRNAs, in PCa detection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Filella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Laura Foj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Macías M, Alegre E, Díaz-Lagares A, Patiño A, Pérez-Gracia JL, Sanmamed M, López-López R, Varo N, González A. Liquid Biopsy: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Adv Clin Chem 2017; 83:73-119. [PMID: 29304904 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to the molecular analysis in biological fluids of nucleic acids, subcellular structures, especially exosomes, and, in the context of cancer, circulating tumor cells. In the last 10 years, there has been an intensive research in liquid biopsy to achieve a less invasive and more precise personalized medicine. Molecular assessment of these circulating biomarkers can complement or even surrogate tissue biopsy. Because of this research, liquid biopsy has been introduced in clinical practice, especially in oncology, prenatal screening, and transplantation. Here we review the biology, methodological approaches, and clinical applications of the main biomarkers involved in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estibaliz Alegre
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel Díaz-Lagares
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Roche-CHUS Joint Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose L Pérez-Gracia
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sanmamed
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Roche-CHUS Joint Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nerea Varo
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro González
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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50
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Liu Y, Zong ZH, Guan X, Wang LL, Zhao Y. The role of long non-coding RNA PCA3 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma tumorigenesis and progression. Gene 2017; 633:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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