1
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Fu J, Lin J, Dai Z, Lin B, Zhang J. Hypoxia-associated autophagy flux dysregulation in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216823. [PMID: 38521197 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A general feature of cancer is hypoxia, determined as low oxygen levels. Low oxygen levels may cause cells to alter in ways that contribute to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Hypoxia leads to variations in cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, a hypoxic tumor microenvironment might induce immunosuppression. Moreover, hypoxia has the potential to impact cellular processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy refers to the catabolic process by which damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules are broken down. The abnormal activation of autophagy has been extensively recorded in human tumors and it serves as a regulator of cell growth, spread to other parts of the body, and resistance to treatment. There is a correlation between hypoxia and autophagy in human malignancies. Hypoxia can regulate the activity of AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1, and ATGs to govern autophagy in human malignancies. Furthermore, HIF-1α, serving as an indicator of low oxygen levels, controls the process of autophagy. Hypoxia-induced autophagy has a crucial role in regulating the growth, spread, and resistance to treatment in human malignancies. Hypoxia-induced regulation of autophagy can impact other mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis. Chemoresistance and radioresistance have become significant challenges in recent years. Hypoxia-mediated autophagy plays a crucial role in determining the response to these therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiding Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Baisheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.
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2
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Shi Z, Hu C, Zheng X, Sun C, Li Q. Feedback loop between hypoxia and energy metabolic reprogramming aggravates the radioresistance of cancer cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:55. [PMID: 38778409 PMCID: PMC11110349 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstream approaches for cancer treatment, although the clinical outcomes are limited due to the radioresistance of tumor cells. Hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming are the hallmarks of tumor initiation and progression and are closely linked to radioresistance. Inside a tumor, the rate of angiogenesis lags behind cell proliferation, and the underdevelopment and abnormal functions of blood vessels in some loci result in oxygen deficiency in cancer cells, i.e., hypoxia. This prevents radiation from effectively eliminating the hypoxic cancer cells. Cancer cells switch to glycolysis as the main source of energy, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, to sustain their rapid proliferation rates. Therefore, pathways involved in metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia-induced radioresistance are promising intervention targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and pathways underlying radioresistance due to hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming in detail, including DNA repair, role of cancer stem cells, oxidative stress relief, autophagy regulation, angiogenesis and immune escape. In addition, we proposed the existence of a feedback loop between energy metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia, which is associated with the development and exacerbation of radioresistance in tumors. Simultaneous blockade of this feedback loop and other tumor-specific targets can be an effective approach to overcome radioresistance of cancer cells. This comprehensive overview provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor radiosensitivity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuilan Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Saadh MJ, Mahdi MS, Allela OQB, Alazzawi TS, Ubaid M, Rakhimov NM, Athab ZH, Ramaiah P, Chinnasamy L, Alsaikhan F, Farhood B. Critical role of miR-21/exosomal miR-21 in autophagy pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155275. [PMID: 38643552 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Activation of autophagy, a process of cellular stress response, leads to the breakdown of proteins, organelles, and other parts of the cell in lysosomes, and can be linked to several ailments, such as cancer, neurological diseases, and rare hereditary syndromes. Thus, its regulation is very carefully monitored. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms domestically or in whole organisms utilized to control the autophagic activity, have been heavily researched. In modern times, microRNAs (miRNAs) are being considered to have a part in post-translational orchestration of the autophagic activity, with miR-21 as one of the best studied miRNAs, it is often more than expressed in cancer cells. This regulatory RNA is thought to play a major role in a plethora of processes and illnesses including growth, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. Different studies have suggested that a few autophagy-oriented genes, such as PTEN, Rab11a, Atg12, SIPA1L2, and ATG5, are all targeted by miR-21, indicating its essential role in the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | | | | | - Tuqa S Alazzawi
- College of dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Nodir M Rakhimov
- Department of Oncology, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Zainab H Athab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia jSchool of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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4
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Wang J, Liu S, Wei B, Liu Y. Frequency shift Raman-based sensing of serum MicroRNA for ultrasensitive cervical cancer diagnosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104105. [PMID: 38677498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological tumor. The development of a sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cervical cancer is significant in guaranteeing its prognosis. Herein, we proposed a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis platform using a frequency shifts-based sensing model for rapid and ultrasensitive microRNA (miRNA) assay. During the analysis process, miR-21 can be captured by the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) modified on the platform which is complementary pairing with miR-21. The connection of miR-21 can lead to the variation of the molecular weight and result in the deformation extent of the Raman report molecule 6Thioguanine (6TG); thus, the peak at 1301 cm-1 due to the ring C-N stretches of 6TG shifts to lower frequency. The detection limit (LOD) of the proposed SERS analysis platform is as low as 8.32 aM. Moreover, the platform also has excellent specificity and repeatability, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 6.53 %. Serum samples of cervical cancer patients and healthy subjects were analyzed via the platform and the accuracy of the detection results was verified by qRT-PCR, revealing that SERS results and qRT-PCR results have high homogeneity. Thus, the platform can serve as a potential tool for clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shenxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Benfei Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China.
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5
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Fathi M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Impacts of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of varicocele. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:322. [PMID: 38393415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Two classes of non-coding RNAs, namely lncRNAs and miRNAs have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of varicocele. MIR210HG, MLLT4-AS1, gadd7, and SLC7A11-AS1 are among lncRNAs whose expression has been changed in patients with varicocele in association with the sperm quality. Animal studies have also suggested contribution of NONRATG001060, NONRATG002949, NONRATG013271, NONRATG027523 and NONRATG023747 lncRNAs in this pathology. Meanwhile, expression of some miRNAs, such as miR-210-3p, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-122a, miR-181a, miR-34c and miR-192a has been altered in this condition. Some of these transcripts have the potential to predict the sperm quality. We summarize the impacts of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jiang NJ, Yin YN, Lin J, Li WY, Long DR, Mei L. MicroRNA-21 in gynecological cancers: From molecular pathogenesis to clinical significance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154630. [PMID: 37393665 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers are the three most common gynecological cancer types (GCs). They hold a significant position as the leading causes of mortality among women with cancer-related death. However, GCs are often diagnosed late, severely limiting the efficacy of current treatment options. Thus, there is an urgent, unmet need for innovative experimentation to enhance the clinical treatment of GC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large and varied class of short noncoding RNAs (22 nucleotides in length) that have been shown to play essential roles in various biological processes involved in development. Recent research has shown that miR-211 influences tumorigenesis and cancer formation, adding to our knowledge of the miR-21 dysregulation in GCs. Furthermore, current research that sheds light on the crucial functions of miR-21 may provide supporting evidence for its potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications in the context of GCs. This review will thus focus on the most recent findings concerning miR-21 expression, miR-21 target genes, and the processes behind GCs. In addition, the latest findings that support miR-21's potential use as a non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic agent for detecting and treating cancer will be elucidated in this review. The roles played by various lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in GCs are also comprehensively summarized and described in this study, along with any possible implications for how these regulatory networks may contribute to the pathogenesis of GCs. Also, it is crucial to recognize the complexity of the processes involved in tumour therapeutic resistance as a significant obstacle in treating GCs. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the functional significance miR-21 in therapeutic resistance within the context of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Jie Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- West China Nursing School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - De-Rong Long
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Mei
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Autophagy as a self-digestion signal in human cancers: Regulation by microRNAs in affecting carcinogenesis and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106695. [PMID: 36780958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is defined as a "self-digestion" signal, and it is a cell death mechanism its primary function is degrading toxic agents and aged organelles to ensure homeostasis in cells. The basic leve ls of autophagy are found in cells, and when its levels exceed to standard threshold, cell death induction is observed. Autophagy dysregulation in cancer has been well-documented, and regulation of this pathway by epigenetic factors, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), is interesting and noteworthy. miRNAs are considered short endogenous RNAs that do not encode functional proteins, and they are essential regulators of cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Accumulating data has revealed miRNA dysregulation (upregulation or downregulation) during tumor progression, and their therapeutic manipulation provides new insight into cancer therapy. miRNA/autophagy axis in human cancers has been investigated an exciting point is the dual function of both autophagy and miRNAs as oncogenic and onco-suppressor factors. The stimulation of pro-survival autophagy by miRNAs can increase the survival rate of tumor cells and mediates cancer metastasis via EMT inductionFurthermore, pro-death autophagy induction by miRNAs has a negative impact on the viability of tumor cells and decreases their survival rate. The miRNA/autophagy axis functions beyond regulating the growth and invasion of tumor cells, and they can also affect drug resistance and radio-resistance. These subjects are covered in the current review regarding the new updates provided by recent experiments.
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8
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Hashemi M, Mirdamadi MSA, Talebi Y, Khaniabad N, Banaei G, Daneii P, Gholami S, Ghorbani A, Tavakolpournegari A, Farsani ZM, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Zandieh MA, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Khan H. Pre-clinical and clinical importance of miR-21 in human cancers: Tumorigenesis, therapy response, delivery approaches and targeting agents. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106568. [PMID: 36423787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The field of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has made significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and has broadened our knowledge towards their targeting, especially in cancer therapy. ncRNAs are a large family of RNAs with microRNAs (miRNAs) being one kind of endogenous RNA which lack encoded proteins. By now, miRNAs have been well-coined in pathogenesis and development of cancer. The current review focuses on the role of miR-21 in cancers and its association with tumor progression. miR-21 has both oncogenic and onco-suppressor functions and most of the experiments are in agreement with the tumor-promoting function of this miRNA. miR-21 primarily decreases PTEN expression to induce PI3K/Akt signaling in cancer progression. Overexpression of miR-21 inhibits apoptosis and is vital for inducing pro-survival autophagy. miR-21 is vital for metabolic reprogramming and can induce glycolysis to enhance tumor progression. miR-21 stimulates EMT mechanisms and increases expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 thereby elevating tumor metastasis. miR-21 is a target of anti-cancer agents such as curcumin and curcumol and its down-regulation impairs tumor progression. Upregulation of miR-21 results in cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Increasing evidence has revealed the role of miR-21 as a biomarker as it is present in both the serum and exosomes making them beneficial biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahare Sadat Ayat Mirdamadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasmin Talebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Khaniabad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gooya Banaei
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pouria Daneii
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Gholami
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ghorbani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoheir Mohammadian Farsani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Liang L, Chen Y, Wu C, Cao Z, Xia L, Meng J, He L, Yang C, Wang Z. MicroRNAs: key regulators of the trophoblast function in pregnancy disorders. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:3-17. [PMID: 36508034 PMCID: PMC9742672 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is essential for a successful pregnancy and healthy intrauterine development in mammals. During human pregnancy, the growth and development of the placenta are inseparable from the rapid proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells. Previous reports have shown that the occurrence of many pregnancy disorders may be closely related to the dysfunction of trophoblasts. However, the function regulation of human trophoblast cells in the placenta is poorly understood. Therefore, studying the factors that regulate the function of trophoblast cells is necessary. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating trophoblast functions. This review outlines the role of miRNAs in regulating the function of trophoblast cells and several common signaling pathways related to miRNA regulation in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Liang
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Zitong Cao
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Linzhen Xia
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Jun Meng
- grid.461579.8Department of Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Lu He
- grid.461579.8Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Chunfen Yang
- grid.461579.8Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Zuo Wang
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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10
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Matulić M, Gršković P, Petrović A, Begić V, Harabajsa S, Korać P. miRNA in Molecular Diagnostics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090459. [PMID: 36135005 PMCID: PMC9495386 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level. Their biogenesis consists of a complex series of sequential processes, and they regulate expression of many genes involved in all cellular processes. Their function is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of a single cell; therefore, their aberrant expression contributes to development and progression of many diseases, especially malignant tumors and viral infections. Moreover, they can be associated with certain states of a specific disease, obtained in the least invasive manner for patients and analyzed with basic molecular methods used in clinical laboratories. Because of this, they have a promising potential to become very useful biomarkers and potential tools in personalized medicine approaches. In this review, miRNAs biogenesis, significance in cancer and infectious diseases, and current available test and methods for their detection are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Matulić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Gršković
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Petrović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Begić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Primary School “Sesvetski Kraljevec”, 10361 Sesvetski Kraljevec, Croatia
| | - Suzana Harabajsa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Division of Pulmonary Cytology Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Korać
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4606-278
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Ghavami S, Zamani M, Ahmadi M, Erfani M, Dastghaib S, Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Vakili O, Siri M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Zarghooni M, Wiechec E, Mokarram P. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166512. [PMID: 35931405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to manage gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Considering the effective molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth, the therapeutic response is pivotal in this process. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that acts as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis and tumor inhibition in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the stage of malignancy and cellular origin of the tumor, autophagy might result in cancer cell survival or death during the GICs' progression. Moreover, autophagy can prevent the progression of GIC in the early stages but leads to chemoresistance in advanced stages. Therefore, targeting specific arms of autophagy could be a promising strategy in the prevention of chemoresistance and treatment of GIC. It has been revealed that autophagy is a cytoplasmic event that is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation inside the nucleus. The effect of epigenetic regulation (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cellular fate is still not completely understood. Recent findings have indicated that epigenetic alterations can modify several genes and modulators, eventually leading to inhibition or promotion of autophagy in different cancer stages, and mediating chemoresistance or chemosensitivity. The current review focuses on the links between autophagy and epigenetics in GICs and discusses: 1) How autophagy and epigenetics are linked in GICs, by considering different epigenetic mechanisms; 2) how epigenetics may be involved in the alteration of cancer-related phenotypes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; and 3) how epidrugs modulate autophagy in GICs to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Curcumenol Targeting YWHAG Inhibits the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Enhances Antitumor Effects of Cisplatin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3988916. [PMID: 35795276 PMCID: PMC9251105 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3988916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cervical cancer is a common cancer in women. The drug resistance of chemotherapeutic agents has always been an urgent problem to be solved in clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma polypeptide (YWHAG) in cervical cancer and explore the effect of Curcuma on cervical cancer and its possible mechanism. Methods YWHAG expression in cervical cancer was confirmed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, the effects of YWHAG on the proliferation and invasion of HeLa and C33A cervical cancer cells were detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay. The relationship between YWHAG and the pentose phosphorylation pathway was further studied. CCK-8, Edu, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm that Curcuma inhibited the sensitivity of YWHAG to cisplatin chemotherapy and to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results YWHAG was highly expressed in cervical cancer and was associated with poor prognosis. The proliferation and invasion abilities of HeLa and C33A cells decreased after YWHAG knockout. The TCGA database of cervical cancer showed a positive correlation between YWHAG and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) expression. YWHAG expression increased with HIF-1α overexpression. YWHAG knockdown reduced the protein expression in the pentose phosphorylation pathway. Curcumenol inhibited YWHAG expression. Compared with cisplatin alone, curcumenol combined with cisplatin can reduce cell proliferation and invasion and reduce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 expression. It can also increase apoptosis, decrease B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and increase the expression of Bcl-2 antagonist X, caspase-3, and polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase. Conclusion YWHAG can interact with HIF-1α to affect the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells. YWHAG knockout can reduce the expression of pentose phosphorylation pathway-related proteins. Curcumenol can enhance cisplatin to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promote tumor cell apoptosis. The combination of drugs may promote the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells through the YWHAG pathway.
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MiR-21 modulates proliferation and apoptosis of human airway smooth muscle cells by regulating autophagy via PARP-1/AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 301:103891. [PMID: 35341975 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Superfluous human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation is an important pathological feature of airway remodelling in asthma. This study aimed to determine whether miR-21 is involved in the regulation of HASM cell survival. Overexpressed miR-21 inhibited HASM cell apoptosis and autophagy and promoted proliferation, whereas a miR-21 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects (P < 0.05). Overexpressed poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of HASM cells (P < 0.05). Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that miR-21 directly targeted poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) mRNA (P < 0.05). Silencing PARP-1 based on miR-21 downregulation mimicked the role of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor (P < 0.05). Overexpressed PARP-1 reversed the effects of miR-21 on HASM cells, somewhat dependently on PARP-1-induced enhanced autophagy, which we elucidated by 3-MA block (P < 0.05). MicroRNA-21 mimics reduced AMPK and increased mTOR signalling by downregulating PARP-1, and a miR-21 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects (P < 0.05). Collectively, miR-21 inhibitor could upregulate PARP-1 in HASM cells to promote autophagy and thus inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis that might be mediated by the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Luan G, Wang M, Yuan J, Bu X, Song J, Wang C, Zhang L. Regulatory network identified by pulmonary transcriptome and proteome profiling reveals extensive change of tumor-related genes in microRNA-21 knockout mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1919-1929. [PMID: 35511299 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a well-known oncomiR and plays key roles in regulating various biological processes related to pulmonary diseases, especially lung carcinoma. The regulatory roles and downstream targets of miR-21 remain far from well understood. We aimed to identify miR-21-gene regulatory network in lung tissue. METHODS Transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed on lung tissues from miR-21 knockout (KO) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) between miR-21KO and WT were analyzed, and correlation analysis was performed between transcriptional and translational level. DEPs were used for prediction of miR-21 target genes and construction of co-expression network. RESULTS Comparing with WT mice, 820 DEGs and 623 DEPs were identified in lung tissues of miR-21KO mice. Upregulated DEGs and DEPs were both significantly enriched in pathways of metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, and chemical carcinogenesis. Of the 31 molecules commonly identified in DEGs and DEPs, 9 upregulated genes were tumor suppressor genes while 8 downregulated genes were oncogenes, and 12 genes showed closely positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression. Real-time PCR validation results were consistent with the omics data. Among the upregulated DEPs in miR-21KO mice, 21 genes were predicted as miR-21 targets. The miR-21 regulatory network was constructed by target genes and their highly co-expressed proteins, which identified the miR-21 target Itih4 as a hub gene. CONCLUSION MiR-21-gene regulatory network was constructed in mouse lung tissue. MiR-21KO resulted in extensive upregulation of tumor suppressor genes and downregulation of oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Luan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiangting Bu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Flores-Campos R, Navarro-Villarán E, Muntané J. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Autophagy During Carcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:799392. [PMID: 35309939 PMCID: PMC8926078 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.799392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy herein) is a cellular stress response and a survival pathway involved in self-renewal and quality control processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. The alteration of autophagy has been implicated in numerous diseases such as cancer where it plays a dual role. Autophagy serves as a tumor suppressor in the early phases of cancer formation with the restoration of homeostasis and eliminating cellular altered constituents, yet in later phases, autophagy may support and/or facilitate tumor growth, metastasis and may contribute to treatment resistance. Key components of autophagy interact with either pro- and anti-apoptotic factors regulating the proximity of tumor cells to apoptotic cliff promoting cell survival. Autophagy is regulated by key cell signaling pathways such as Akt (protein kinase B, PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) involved in cell survival and metabolism. The expression of critical members of upstream cell signaling, as well as those directly involved in the autophagic and apoptotic machineries are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Consequently, non-coding RNAs play a relevant role in carcinogenesis and treatment response in cancer. The review is an update of the current knowledge in the regulation by miRNA and lncRNA of the autophagic components and their functional impact to provide an integrated and comprehensive regulatory network of autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Flores-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Akbarzadeh M, Mihanfar A, Akbarzadeh S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Crosstalk between miRNA and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 285:119984. [PMID: 34592229 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the most important proliferative signaling pathways with critical undeniable function in various aspects of cancer initiation/progression, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. On the other hand, numerous genetic alterations in the key genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway have been identified in multiple solid and hematological tumors. In addition, accumulating recent evidences have demonstrated a reciprocal interaction between this signaling pathway and microRNAs, a large group of small non-coding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, it was attempted to discuss about the interaction between key components of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with various miRNAs and their importance in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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17
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Yu C, Yang B, Najafi M. Targeting of cancer cell death mechanisms by curcumin: Implications to cancer therapy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:397-415. [PMID: 34473898 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is known as a second major cause of death globally. Nowadays, several modalities have been developed for the treatment of cancer. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most common modalities in most countries. However, newer modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy drugs can kill cancer cells with minimal side effects. All anticancer agents work based on the killing of cancer cells. Numerous studies are ongoing to kill cancer cells more effectively without increasing side effects to normal tissues. The combination modalities with low toxic agents are interesting for this aim. Curcumin is one of the most common herbal agents that has shown several anticancer properties. It can regulate immune system responses against cancer. Furthermore, curcumin has been shown to potentiate cell death signalling pathways and attenuate survival signalling pathways in cancer cells. The knowledge of how curcumin induces cell death in cancers can improve therapeutic efficiency. In this review, the regulatory effects of curcumin on different cell death mechanisms and their signalling pathways will be discussed. Furthermore, we explain how curcumin may potentiate the anticancer effects of other drugs or radiotherapy through modulation of apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, autophagy and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Bai J, Deng J, Han Z, Cui Y, He R, Gu Y, Zhang Q. CircRNA_0026344 via exosomal miR-21 regulation of Smad7 is involved in aberrant cross-talk of epithelium-fibroblasts during cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2021; 347:58-66. [PMID: 33961985 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
For smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a serious disease endangering human health, there is no effective clinical treatment. Aberrant epithelium-fibroblast cross-talk is involved in formation of the excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) that contributes to PF. Circular RNAs have been associated with various pulmonary diseases. However, the mechanisms of circRNAs in PF are not clear. Herein, our goals were to investigate the involvement of circRNA_0026344 in the aberrant epithelium-fibroblast cross-talk induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and to define its mechanism. Chronic exposure (16 weeks) of BALB/c mice to 500 mg/m3 CS induced lung injury and fibrosis in lung tissues. From HBE cells, circRNA_0026344 was selected by microarray analysis and verified as that with the most severe down-regulation caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The regulatory relationship between circRNA_0026344 and miR-21 was assessed by use of bioinformatics, RNA pull-down assays, and qRT-PCR. We found that miR-21 binding sites were present in circRNA_0026344 and, in HBE cells, it could act as a sponge for miR-21. When pcDNA3.0-circRNA_0026344, a high expression plasmid of circRNA_0026344, was transfected into HBE cells, the CSE-induced up-regulation of miR-21 levels was reversed. In MRC-5 cells, HBE-secreted exosomal miR-21 decreased levels of Smad7 and activated the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. By using the Targetscan database, the presence of species-conserved miR-21 binding sites in the Smad7 3'UTR region were predicted. We verified, by use of a luciferase reporter gene, that miR-21 bound to the 3'UTR region of Smad7 mRNA to inhibit its transcription. In conclusion, the results reveal that, in CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis, circRNA_0026344, via exosomal miR-21 regulation of Smad7, is involved in aberrant cross-talk of epithelium-fibroblasts. These results will be useful for the discovery of early biomarkers and for providing therapeutic targets for smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 404 Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Han
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjiang He
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Bao J, Jia N, Huang H, Li A. PTEN protects kidney against acute kidney injury by alleviating apoptosis and promoting autophagy via regulating HIF1-α and mTOR through PI3K/Akt pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112729. [PMID: 34242625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted on human chromosome 10 is a tumor suppressor with bispecific phosphatase activity, which is often involved in the study of energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. PTEN is recently reported to participate in the process of acute injury. However, the mechanism of PTEN in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, mice with bilateral renal artery ischemia-reperfusion and HK-2 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were used as acute kidney injury models. We demonstrated that PTEN was downregulated in IRI-induced kidney as well as in H/R-induced HK-2 cells. By silencing and overexpressing PTEN with si-PTEN RNA and PHBLV-CMV-PTEN-flag lentivirus before H/R, we found that PTEN protected HK-2 cells against H/R-induced injury reflected by the change in cell activity and the release of LDH. Furthermore, we inhibited HIF1-α with PX-478 and inactivated mTOR with Rapamycin before the silence of PTEN in H/R model. Our data indicated that the renoprotective effect of PTEN worked via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and PI3K/Akt/HIF1-α pathway, hence alleviating apoptosis and improving autophagy respectively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying renoprotection of PTEN on autophagy and apoptosis induced by renal IRI, which offers a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingfu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huimi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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Li L, Liu WL, Su L, Lu ZC, He XS. The Role of Autophagy in Cancer Radiotherapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:31-40. [PMID: 31400274 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190809154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a pathway for lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation, is a catabolic process that recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolism and survival. It is classified into three major types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Autophagy is a dynamic and multistep process that includes four stages: nucleation, elongation, autophagosome formation, and fusion. Interestingly, the influence of autophagy in cancer development is complex and paradoxical, suppressive, or promotive in different contexts. Autophagy in cancer has been demonstrated to serve as both a tumour suppressor and promoter. Radiotherapy is a powerful and common strategy for many different types of cancer and can induce autophagy, which has been shown to modulate sensitivity of cancer to radiotherapy. However, the role of autophagy in radiation treatment is controversial. Some reports showed that the upregulation of autophagy was cytoprotective for cancer cells. Others, in contrast, showed that the induction of autophagy was advantageous. Here, we reviewed recent studies and attempted to discuss the various aspects of autophagy in response to radiotherapy of cancer. Thus, we could decrease the viability of cancer cell and increase the sensibility of cancer cells to radiation, providing a new basis for the application of autophagy in clinical tumor radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ling Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Cheng Lu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Sheng He
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
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Hoelzle CR, Arnoult S, Borém CRM, Ottone M, de Magalhães KCSF, da Silva IL, Simões RT. microRNA Levels in Cervical Cancer Samples and Relationship with Lesion Grade and HPV Infection. Microrna 2021; 10:139-145. [PMID: 34086555 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210604123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-21, miR-214, and miR-let-7a are three validated and well-known miRNAs. miR-21 is described as an "oncomir," while miR-214 and miR-let-7a are described mainly as tumor suppressors. The role of these miRNAs remains unclear in cervical cancer, an important malignancy among women worldwide and responsible for many deaths every year. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the expression profile of miR-21, miR-214, and miR-let-7a in plasma and cervical scraping from a control group and patients with different grades of cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer, and then correlate with HPV infection groups. METHODS Plasma and cervical scraping were submitted to DNA and RNA extraction. HPV detection and typing were performed by conventional PCR followed by PAGE to amplicons interpretation. The miRNA relative expression in plasma and cervical scraping samples was performed by real-time PCR using specific TaqMan probes. RESULTS miR-21 (p=0.0277) and miR-214 (p=0.0151) were up-regulated in cervical scraping samples of the invasive cervical cancer (ICC) group. However, miR-214 was also up-regulated in the LSIL group (p=0.0062). Both miRNAs were not related to HPV infection. However, miR-let-7a was higher in HPV positive plasma samples (p=0.0433) than in HPV negative plasma samples, and the correlation analysis confirmed the association between the levels of this miRNA with the presence of HPV (p=0.0407; r=0.3029), but not with lesion grade (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-21 is related to cervical cancer progression and miR-214 appears to have an ambiguous role in cervical lesions. miR-let-7a may be upregulated at the systemic level in patients with HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Hoelzle
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa - EP/SCBH. Molecular Biology and Biomarkers Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solène Arnoult
- Polytech Marseille. Aix-Marseille Université. Marseille, France
| | - Cinthya R M Borém
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa - EP/SCBH. Molecular Biology and Biomarkers Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ottone
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa - EP/SCBH. Molecular Biology and Biomarkers Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kênia C S F de Magalhães
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa - EP/SCBH. Molecular Biology and Biomarkers Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Istéfani L da Silva
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of West of Bahia (UFOB), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Renata T Simões
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa - EP/SCBH. Molecular Biology and Biomarkers Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Karimi F, Mollaei H. Potential of miRNAs in cervical cancer chemoresistance. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Peng J, Lv Y, Wu C. Radiation-resistance increased by overexpression of microRNA-21 and inhibition of its target PTEN in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060519882543. [PMID: 32268810 PMCID: PMC7153193 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Overexpression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) increases the radiation resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this action is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in miR-21-enhanced radiation resistance in patients with ESCC. Methods We evaluated the association between miR-21 levels and radiation resistance in patients with ESCC. We also investigated the role of PTEN in the proliferation and apoptosis of ESCC cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor during irradiation, using PTEN small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results MiR-21 levels were significantly higher in radiation-resistant patients. Downregulation of miR-21 during irradiation suppressed the radiation resistance of ESCC cells, demonstrated by decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. PTEN siRNA attenuated miR-21-induced suppression of radiation resistance in ESCC cells. Conclusions These results suggest that miR-21 enhanced the radiation resistance of ESCC by inhibiting PTEN. MiR-21 and PTEN are potential therapeutic biotargets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of Research, Hangzhou Biozon Medical institute Co Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxiang Lv
- Department of oncology, People's Hospital of XinChang County, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Department of Research, Hangzhou Biozon Medical institute Co Ltd, Zhejiang, China
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Hypoxia-Induced Cancer Cell Responses Driving Radioresistance of Hypoxic Tumors: Approaches to Targeting and Radiosensitizing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051102. [PMID: 33806538 PMCID: PMC7961562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some regions of aggressive malignancies experience hypoxia due to inadequate blood supply. Cancer cells adapting to hypoxic conditions somehow become more resistant to radiation exposure and this decreases the efficacy of radiotherapy toward hypoxic tumors. The present review article helps clarify two intriguing points: why hypoxia-adapted cancer cells turn out radioresistant and how they can be rendered more radiosensitive. The critical molecular targets associated with intratumoral hypoxia and various approaches are here discussed which may be used for sensitizing hypoxic tumors to radiotherapy. Abstract Within aggressive malignancies, there usually are the “hypoxic zones”—poorly vascularized regions where tumor cells undergo oxygen deficiency through inadequate blood supply. Besides, hypoxia may arise in tumors as a result of antiangiogenic therapy or transarterial embolization. Adapting to hypoxia, tumor cells acquire a hypoxia-resistant phenotype with the characteristic alterations in signaling, gene expression and metabolism. Both the lack of oxygen by itself and the hypoxia-responsive phenotypic modulations render tumor cells more radioresistant, so that hypoxic tumors are a serious challenge for radiotherapy. An understanding of causes of the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors would help to develop novel ways for overcoming this challenge. Molecular targets for and various approaches to radiosensitizing hypoxic tumors are considered in the present review. It is here analyzed how the hypoxia-induced cellular responses involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1, heat shock transcription factor 1, heat shock proteins, glucose-regulated proteins, epigenetic regulators, autophagy, energy metabolism reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and exosome generation contribute to the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors or may be inhibited for attenuating this radioresistance. The pretreatments with a multitarget inhibition of the cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia seem to be a promising approach to sensitizing hypoxic carcinomas, gliomas, lymphomas, sarcomas to radiotherapy and, also, liver tumors to radioembolization.
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25
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Barreca MM, Zichittella C, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. Hypoxia-Induced Non-Coding RNAs Controlling Cell Viability in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041857. [PMID: 33673376 PMCID: PMC7918432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a characteristic of the tumour microenvironment, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and therapeutic response. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α), are the master regulators in response to low oxygen partial pressure, modulating hypoxic gene expression and signalling transduction pathways. HIFs’ activation is sufficient to change the cell phenotype at multiple levels, by modulating several biological activities from metabolism to the cell cycle and providing the cell with new characteristics that make it more aggressive. In the past few decades, growing numbers of studies have revealed the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as molecular mediators in the establishment of hypoxic response, playing important roles in regulating hypoxic gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels. Here, we review recent findings on the different roles of hypoxia-induced ncRNAs in cancer focusing on the data that revealed their involvement in tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Chiara Zichittella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Patil N, Allgayer H, Leupold JH. MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1277:1-31. [PMID: 33119862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is decisive for the eradication or survival of any tumor mass. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role for metastasis and for providing the metastatic niche. The TME offers special physiological conditions and is composed of, for example, surrounding blood vessels, the extracellular matrix (ECM), diverse signaling molecules, exosomes and several cell types including, but not being limited to, infiltrated immune cells, cancer-associated endothelial cells (CAEs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These cells can additionally and significantly contribute to tumor and metastasis progression, especially also by acting via their own deregulated micro (mi) RNA expression or activity. Thus, miRNAs are essential players in the crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME. MiRNAs are small non-coding (nc) RNAs that typically inhibit translation and stability of messenger (m) RNAs, thus being able to regulate several cell functions including proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, invasion, and several steps of the metastatic cascade. The dynamic interplay between miRNAs in different cell types or organelles such as exosomes, ECM macromolecules, and the TME plays critical roles in many aspects of cancer development. This chapter aims to give an overview on the multiple contributions of miRNAs as players within the TME, to summarize the role of miRNAs in the crosstalk between different cell populations found within the TME, and to illustrate how they act on tumorigenesis and the behavior of cells in the TME context. Lastly, the potential clinical utility of miRNAs for cancer therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jörg H Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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27
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Shan C, Chen X, Cai H, Hao X, Li J, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhou Z, Li X, Liu C, Li P, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of Autophagy-Related MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:134-150. [PMID: 33390839 PMCID: PMC7757044 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involving the degradation and recycling of damaged biomacromolecules or organelles through lysosomal-dependent pathways and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Consequently, abnormal autophagy is associated with multiple diseases, such as infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Currently, autophagy is considered to be a dual regulator in cancer, functioning as a suppressor in the early stage while supporting the growth and metastasis of cancer cells in the later stage and may also produce therapeutic resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted mRNA. MiRNAs have great regulatory potential for several fundamental biological processes, including autophagy. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have linked miRNA dysfunction to the growth, metabolism, migration, metastasis, and responses of cancer cells to therapy. Therefore, the study of autophagy-related miRNAs in cancer will provide insights into cancer biology and lead to the development of novel anti-cancer strategies. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge of miRNA dysregulation during autophagy in cancer, focusing on the relationship between autophagy and miRNAs, and discuss their involvement in cancer biology and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hongjing Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Ebahimzadeh K, Shoorei H, Mousavinejad SA, Anamag FT, Dinger ME, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in response of cancer cells to radiotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 218:153327. [PMID: 33422780 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective method for treatment of a large proportion of human cancers. Yet, the efficacy of this method is precluded by the induction of radioresistance in tumor cells and the radiation-associated injury of normal cells surrounding the field of radiation. These restrictions necessitate the introduction of modalities for either radiosensitization of cancer cells or protection of normal cells against adverse effects of radiation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have essential roles in the determination of radiosensitivity. Moreover, ncRNAs can modulate radiation-induced side effects in normal cells. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-620, miR-21 and miR-96-5p confer radioresistance, while other miRNAs including miR-340/ 429 confer radiosensitivity. The expression levels of a number of miRNAs are associated with radiation-induced complications such as lung fibrosis or oral mucositis. The expression patterns of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as MALAT1, LINC00630, HOTAIR, UCA1 and TINCR are associated with response to radiotherapy. Taken together, lncRNAs and miRNAs contribute both in modulation of response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and in protection of normal cells from the associated side effects. The current review provides an overview of the roles of these transcripts in these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Ebahimzadeh
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavinejad
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Liu J, Niu Q, Hu Y, Ran S, Li S. The Mechanism of Trivalent Inorganic Arsenic on HIF-1α: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:449-463. [PMID: 32124230 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. We included 39 articles for meta-analysis. The results showed that low-dose exposure to arsenic (≤ 10 μmol/L) could promote the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylation-protein kinase B (p-AKT). High-dose arsenic exposure (> 10 μmol/L) promoted the expression of PI3K, HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and p38MAPK (P38). Acute arsenic exposure (< 24 h) promoted the expression of PI3K, HIF-1α, and VEGF. Chronic arsenic exposure (≥ 24 h) promoted the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and P38. Moreover, for normal tissue-derived cells, arsenic could induce the increased expression of PI3K, p-AKT, HIF-1α, and VEGF. For tumor tissue-derived cells, arsenic could induce the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and P38. We found that arsenic exposure could activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, further induce the high expression of HIF-1α, and then upregulate the levels of miRNA-21 and VEGF, promote the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and ultimately lead to malignant cell proliferation. Our findings indicated that arsenic could increase the expression of HIF-1α by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and eventually induce malignant cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Liu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Ran
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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miRNA as promising theragnostic biomarkers for predicting radioresistance in cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103183. [PMID: 33310279 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance remains as an obstacle in cancer treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between the expression of miRNAs and responses to radiotherapy and the prognosis of different tumors. In total, 77 miRNAs in 19 cancer types were studied, in which 24 miRNAs were upregulated and 58 miRNAs were downregulated in cancer patients. Five miRNAs were differentially expressed. Moreover, 75 miRNAs were found to be related to radioresistance, while 5 were observed to be related to radiosensitivity. The pooled HR and 95 % confidence interval for the combined studies was 1.135 (0.819-1.574; P-value = 0.4). The HR values of the subgroup analysis for miR-21 (HR = 2.344; 95 % CI: 1.927-2.850; P-value = 0.000), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR = 0.448; 95 % CI: 0.265-0.760; P = 0.003) and breast cancer (HR = 1.131; 95 % CI: 0.311-4.109; P = .85) were obtained. Our results highlighted that across the published literature, miRNAs can modulate tumor radioresistance or sensitivity by affecting radiation-related signaling pathways. It seems that miRNAs could be considered as a theragnostic biomarker to predict and monitor clinical response to radiotherapy. Thus, the prediction of radioresistance in malignant patients will improve radiotherapy outcomes and radiotherapeutic resistance.
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31
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Pisarska J, Baldy-Chudzik K. MicroRNA-Based Fingerprinting of Cervical Lesions and Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113668. [PMID: 33203149 PMCID: PMC7698009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory functions of microRNA (miRNA) are involved in all processes contributing to carcinogenesis and response to viral infections. Cervical cancer in most cases is caused by the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. While oncogenic human papillomaviruses induce aberrant expression of many cellular miRNAs, this dysregulation could be harnessed as a marker in early diagnosis of HR-HPV infection, cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions, and cancer. In recent years, growing data indicate that miRNAs show specific patterns at various stages of cervical pathology. The aim of this review is to systematize current reports on miRNA capacity that can be utilized in personalized diagnostics of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions. The analysis of the resources available in online databases (National Center for Biotechnology Information—NCBI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus) was performed. To date, no standardized diagnostic algorithm using the miRNA pattern in cervical pathology has been defined. However, the high sensitivity and specificity of the reported assays gives hope for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests that take into account the heterogeneity of tumor-related changes. Due to this variability resulting in difficult to predict clinical outcomes, precise molecular tools are needed to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic process.
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Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Bhutia SK. Epigenetic modifications of autophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Duică F, Condrat CE, Dănila CA, Boboc AE, Radu MR, Xiao J, Li X, Creţoiu SM, Suciu N, Creţoiu D, Predescu DV. MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591181. [PMID: 33194751 PMCID: PMC7646292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract. The aim of this paper is to summarize novel research findings in the literature regarding the parts that miRNAs play in cancer-relevant processes, specifically regarding gynecological malignancy, while emphasizing their pivotal role in the disruption of cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Duică
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezara Alina Dănila
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Boboc
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Raluca Radu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş Creţoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş-Valentin Predescu
- Department of General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Alvarez-Meythaler JG, Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Kondoh H, LLeonart ME. Autophagy Takes Center Stage as a Possible Cancer Hallmark. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586069. [PMID: 33194736 PMCID: PMC7643020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite significant advances in cancer research and improvements in anticancer therapies. One of the major obstacles to curing cancer is the difficulty of achieving the complete annihilation of resistant cancer cells. The resistance of cancer cells may not only be due to intrinsic factors or factors acquired during the evolution of the tumor but may also be caused by chemotherapeutic treatment failure. Conversely, autophagy is a conserved cellular process in which intracellular components, such as damaged organelles, aggregated or misfolded proteins and macromolecules, are degraded or recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis. Importantly, autophagy is an essential mechanism that plays a key role in tumor initiation and progression. Depending on the cellular context and microenvironmental conditions, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword, playing a role in inducing apoptosis or promoting cell survival. In this review, we propose several scenarios in which autophagy could contribute to cell survival or cell death. Moreover, a special focus on novel promising targets and therapeutic strategies based on autophagic resistant cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Alvarez-Meythaler
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Briones-Herrera A, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Regulation of autophagy by high- and low-risk human papillomaviruses. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2169. [PMID: 33590566 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is related to the development of cervical, vulvar, anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancer, low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) infection is implicated in about 90% of genital warts, which rarely progress to cancer. The carcinogenic role of HR-HPV is due to the overexpression of HPV E5, E6 and E7 oncoproteins which target and modify cellular proteins implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis and immortalization. LR-HPV proteins also target and modify some of these processes; however, their oncogenic potential is lower than that of HR-HPV. HR-HPVs have substantial differences with LR-HPVs such as viral integration into the cell genome, induction of p53 and retinoblastoma protein degradation, alternative splicing in HR-HPV E6-E7 open reading frames, among others. In addition, LR-HPV can activate the autophagy process in infected cells while HR-HPV infection deactivates it. However, in cancer HR-HPV might reactivate autophagy in advance stages. Autophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cell homoeostasis by lysosomal degradation and recycling of damaged macromolecules and organelles; nevertheless, depending upon cellular context autophagy may also induce cell death. Therefore, autophagy can contribute either as a promotor or as a suppressor of tumours. In this review, we focus on the role of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in autophagy during viral infection and cancer development. Additionally, we review key regulatory molecules such as microRNAs in HPV present during autophagy, and we emphasize the potential use of cancer treatments associated with autophagy in HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratorio 315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratorio 225, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Laboratorio 315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio 315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
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36
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Zhou C, Li L, Li T, Sun L, Yin J, Guan H, Wang L, Zhu H, Xu P, Fan X, Sheng B, Xiao W, Qiu Y, Yang H. SCFAs induce autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and relieve colitis by stabilizing HIF-1α. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1189-1202. [PMID: 32696223 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a critical regulator of barrier integrity during colonic mucosal injury. Previous works have shown that the absence of autophagy is implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, changes in bacterial profiles in the gut are intimately associated with IBD. Although HIF-1α, autophagy, microbiota, and their metabolites are all involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, their roles are not known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HIF-1α and autophagy in healthy and inflammatory states using transgenic mice, colitis models, and cell culture models. We confirmed that the absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α changed the composition of the intestinal microbes and increased the susceptibility of mice to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, autophagy levels in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were significantly reduced in IEC-specific HIF-1α-deficient (HIF-1α∆IEC) mice. Moreover, in the cell culture models, butyrate treatment significantly increased autophagy in HT29 cells under normal conditions, whereas butyrate had little effect on autophagy after HIF-1α ablation. Furthermore, in the DSS-induced colitis model, butyrate administration relieved the colonic injury and suppressed inflammation in Cre-/HIF-1α- (HIF-1αloxP/loxP) mice. However, the butyrate-mediated protection against colonic injury was considerably diminished in the HIF-1α∆IEC mice. These results show that HIF-1α, autophagy, and intestinal microbes are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Butyrate can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating autophagy via HIF-1α. These insights may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for IBD. KEY MESSAGES: • The absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α leads to downregulation of autophagy in mice. • The absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α exacerbates DSS-induced colitis. • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating autophagy via HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangzi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidi Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liucan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baifa Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Luan Y, Zhang W, Xie J, Mao J. CDKN2A inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer through LDHA-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:222-228. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hemmat N, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Association of human papillomavirus infection and inflammation in cervical cancer. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5558235. [PMID: 31504464 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers, and in particular cervical cancer, are considered to be directly stimulated by HPV oncogenes. Alternatively, these types of cancers could also be indirectly stimulated by HPV-induced chronic inflammations, which in turn are also caused by HPV oncogenes activity. Chronic inflammation is associated with repeated tissue injury and development of mutations in the vital tumor suppressor genes. Thus, it is important to understand that the persistent HPV infection and its associated chronic inflammation is responsible for the progression of HPV-induced cancers. HPV E5, E6 and E7 could upregulate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 followed by the activation of the COX-PG pathway. This pathway is assumed to be the main cause of HPV-induced inflammation. Additionally, HPV oncogenes could have an impact on the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV-positive patients. The upregulation of such cytokines accelerates the incidence of inflammation following HPV infection. Other factors such as microRNAs, which are involved in the inflammation pathways and aging, give rise to the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and could also be responsible for the acceleration of HPV-induced inflammation and consequent cervical cancer. In this review, the exact roles of HPV oncogenes in the occurrence of inflammation in cervical tissue, and the effects of other factors in this event are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang X, Xie K, Zhou H, Wu Y, Li C, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xu Q, Liu S, Xiao D, Tao Y. Role of non-coding RNAs and RNA modifiers in cancer therapy resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:47. [PMID: 32122355 PMCID: PMC7050132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the standard treatments for cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been widely applied to clinical practice worldwide. However, the resistance to cancer therapies is a major challenge in clinics and scientific research, resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. The mechanisms of therapy resistance are complicated and result from multiple factors. Among them, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), along with their modifiers, have been investigated to play key roles in regulating tumor development and mediating therapy resistance within various cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, etc. In this review, we attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ncRNA/modifier-modulated resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, providing some therapeutic potential points for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Honghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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40
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Chang H, Cai Z, Roberts TM. The Mechanisms Underlying PTEN Loss in Human Tumors Suggest Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110713. [PMID: 31703360 PMCID: PMC6921025 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will first briefly describe the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with PTEN loss of function in cancer. We will then proceed to discuss the molecular mechanisms linking PTEN loss to PI3K activation and demonstrate how these mechanisms suggest possible therapeutic approaches for patients with PTEN-null tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoun Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- KIST-DFCI On-Site Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhenying Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-632-3049
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41
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Liu S, Wang H, Mu J, Wang H, Peng Y, Li Q, Mao D, Guo L. MiRNA-211 triggers an autophagy-dependent apoptosis in cervical cancer cells: regulation of Bcl-2. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:359-370. [PMID: 31637455 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in gynecological malignancies. Although autophagy plays a critical role in affecting cell apoptosis and proliferation, the role of hsa-miR-211-5p (miR-211) in modulating autophagy of cervical cancer cells remains unclear. In the current study, the level of miR-211 was downregulated in cervical cancer specimens, compared to the paired para-carcinoma tissues. While Bcl-2 was upregulated, LC3-II/I was decreased in the tumors, indicating inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. The forced expression of miR-211 inhibited proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in SiHa cervical cancer cells, evidenced by increased expression of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3, and PARP. While the miR-211 inhibitor exerted reverse effects on C-33A cervical cancer cells. Further, miR-211 induced autophagy in cervical cancer cells, as manifested by the presence of LC3 puncta, increased LC3-II/I and Beclin1 levels, and decreased p62 level. The miR-211-induced apoptosis was alleviated by an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In addition, Bcl-2 was identified as a target of miR-211. Besides, the apoptosis and autophagy triggered by miR-211 were attenuated by Bcl-2 in SiHa cells. In summary, our work indicates that miR-211 induced autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 in cervical cancer cells, which provided further understanding of autophagy in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Mu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Disease Prevention Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Mao
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518034, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Pu Q, Lin P, Wang Z, Gao P, Qin S, Cui L, Wu M. Interaction among inflammasome, autophagy and non-coding RNAs: new horizons for drug. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:166-182. [PMID: 31598387 PMCID: PMC6770284 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and inflammasomes are shown to interact in various situations including
infectious disease, cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Since multiple layers of
molecular regulators contribute to the interplay between autophagy and inflammasome
activation, the detail of such interplay remains largely unknown. Non-coding RNAs
(ncRNAs), which have been implicated in regulating an expanding list of cellular processes
including immune defense against pathogens and inflammatory response in cancer and
metabolic diseases, may join in the crosstalk between inflammasomes and autophagy in
physiological or disease conditions. In this review, we summarize the latest research on
the interlink among ncRNAs, inflammasomes and autophagy and discuss the emerging role of
these three in multiple signaling transduction pathways involved in clinical conditions.
By analyzing these intriguing interconnections, we hope to unveil the mechanism
inter-regulating these multiple processes and ultimately discover potential drug targets
for some refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Zhihan Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shugang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luqing Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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In Vitro and In Silico Mechanistic Insights into miR-21-5p-Mediated Topoisomerase Drug Resistance in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090467. [PMID: 31505885 PMCID: PMC6769444 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapy for treating colorectal cancer has had some success, drug resistance and metastasis remain the major causes of death for colorectal cancer patients. MicroRNA-21-5p (hereafter denoted as miR-21) is one of the most abundant miRNAs in human colorectal cancer. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found a negative prognostic correlation of miR-21 and metastasis-free survival in colorectal cancer patients (The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma/TCGA-COAD cohort). To explore the role of miR-21 overexpression in drug resistance, a stable miR-21-overexpressing clone in a human DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line was established. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay found that miR-21 overexpression induced drug resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors (SN-38, doxorubicin, and etoposide/VP-16). Mechanistically, we showed that miR-21 overexpression reduced VP-16-induced apoptosis and concomitantly enhanced pro-survival autophagic flux without the alteration of topoisomerase expression and activity. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that miR-21 overexpression induced genetic reprogramming that mimicked the gene signature of topoisomerase inhibitors and downregulated genes related to the proteasome pathway. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the role of miR-21 in the development of drug resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Huang H, Yang X, Chen J, Fu J, Chen C, Wen J, Mo Q. lncRNA DGCR5 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating miR-21. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3331-3336. [PMID: 31452812 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) serves roles as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in different types of cancer. The current study aimed to explore the role of DGCR5 in colorectal cancer (CRC). It was revealed that the expression of DGCR5 was downregulated, while microRNA (miR)-21 was upregulated in CRC. The expression level of DGCR5 in tumor tissue decreased, while expression levels of miR-21 increased, with advancing stages of the disease. The expression levels of DGCR5 and miR-21 were inversely associated in tumor tissues. In CRC cells in vitro, miR-21 overexpression failed to significantly affect DGCR5, while DGCR5 overexpression resulted in reduced expression levels of miR-21. DGCR5 overexpression showed no significant effects on cancer cell migration and invasion, but suppressed cancer cell proliferation in vitro. miR-21 overexpression increased cancer cell proliferation and attenuated the effects of DGCR5 overexpression. Therefore, lncRNA DGCR5 may inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells by downregulating miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Junmin Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, P.R. China
| | - Chaoting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, P.R. China
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Xing Y, Li L. RETRACTED: Gastrodin protects rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 from hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulation of microRNA-21. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 109:8-16. [PMID: 30684569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author. The journal contacted the authors for their response to the following remark from Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this paper: ‘This paper belongs to a set of over 400 papers (as per February 2020) that share very similar Western blots with tadpole-like shaped bands, the same background pattern, and striking similarities in title structures, paper layout, bar graph design, and - in a subset - flow cytometry panels. Despite these similarities, these papers are authored by researchers from different departments and institutes, with almost no overlap in authors’. The authors failed to respond to this directly but instead requested the journal to retract the paper on the basis that the data were not represented accurately and new results have shown inconsistency with what has been reported in this paper. The authors apologise for any misconceptions that this paper may have resulted in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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The role of miRNAs in the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181377. [PMID: 30833362 PMCID: PMC6418402 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) with early metastasis of the primary tumor results in poor prognosis and poor therapeutic outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that play a substantial role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally and influence the development and progression of tumors. Numerous studies have discovered that miRNAs play significant roles in the invasion and metastasis of CC by affecting specific pathways, including Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathways. miRNAs also effectively modulate the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Many studies provide new insights into the role of miRNAs and the pathogenesis of metastatic CC. In this review, we will offer an overview and update of our present understanding of the potential roles of miRNAs in metastatic CC.
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The uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate induces proliferation and migration of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via microRNA-21/ HIF-1α axis signals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3207. [PMID: 30824757 PMCID: PMC6397167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS), a uremic toxin, can cause renal damage and dysfunction. Studies suggest that renal dysfunction increases the prevalence of renal cancer. However, the effect of pCS on the proliferation and migration of renal cancer is unclear. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) expresses mutant von Hippel-Lindau gene and is difficult to treat. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and 2-α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) as well as microRNA-21 (miR-21) can regulate the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells. However, the association between HIF-α and miR-21 in ccRCC remains unclear. Therefore, the effects of pCS on ccRCC cells were investigated for HIF-α and miR-21 signals. Our results showed that pCS induced overexpression of HIF-1α and promoted the proliferation and regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins, including E-cadherin, fibronectin, twist and vimentin in ccRCC cells. pCS treatment increased miR-21 expression. Specifically, inhibition of miR-21 blocked pCS-induced proliferation and migration. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that pCS directly induced the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells through mechanisms involving miR-21/HIF-1α signaling pathways.
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Yang W, Ma J, Zhou W, Cao B, Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Reciprocal regulations between miRNAs and HIF-1α in human cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:453-471. [PMID: 30317527 PMCID: PMC11105242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a central molecule involved in mediating cellular processes. Alterations of HIF-1α and hypoxically regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are correlated with patients' outcome in various cancers, indicating their crucial roles on cancer development. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the intricate regulations between miRNAs and HIF-1α in modulating a wide variety of processes, including proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, etc. miRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs which function as negative regulators by directly targeting mRNAs. Evidence shows that miRNAs can be regulated by HIF-1α at transcriptional level. In turn, HIF-1α itself can be modulated by many miRNAs whose alterations have been implicated in tumorigenesis, thus forming a reciprocal regulation network. These findings add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of HIF-1α regulatory networks. Here, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current advances about the bidirectional interactions between HIF-1α and miRNAs in human cancers. Besides, the review will summarize the roles of miRNAs/HIF-1α crosstalk according to various cellular processes. Finally, the potential values of miRNAs/HIF-1α loops in clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Regulatory effects of lncRNAs and miRNAs on autophagy in malignant tumorigenesis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180516. [PMID: 30266744 PMCID: PMC6200703 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important process in endogenous substrate degradation by lysosomes within cells, with a degree of evolutionary conservation. Like apoptosis and cell senescence, cell autophagy is a very important biological phenomenon involving the development and growth of biological processes. Abnormal autophagy may lead to tumorigenesis. In recent years, increasing studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs can regulate cell autophagy by modulating targetting gene expression. In this review, we will provide an overview of lncRNAs and miRNAs in autophagy modulation and new insights into the underlying mechanisms, as well as their potential utilization in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Bica-Pop C, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Magdo L, Raduly L, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I. Overview upon miR-21 in lung cancer: focus on NSCLC. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3539-3551. [PMID: 30030592 PMCID: PMC11105782 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the high mortality rate encountered in lung cancer, there is a strong need to explore new biomarkers for early diagnosis and also improved therapeutic targets to overcome this issue. The implementation of microRNAs as important regulators in cancer and other pathologies expanded the possibilities of lung cancer management and not only. MiR-21 represents an intensively studied microRNA in many types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its role as an oncogene is underlined in multiple studies reporting the upregulated expression of this sequence in patients diagnosed with this malignancy; moreover, several studies associated this increased expression of miR-21 with a worse outcome within NSCLC patients. The same pattern is supported by the data existent in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The carcinogenic advantage generated by miR-21 in NSCLC resides in the target genes involved in multiple pathways such as cell growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, but also chemo- and radioresistance. Therapeutic modulation of miR-21 by use of antisense sequences entrapped in different delivery systems has shown promising results in impairment of NSCLC. Hereby, we review the mechanisms of action of miR-21 in cancer and the associated changes upon tumor cells together a focused perspective on NSCLC signaling, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bica-Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5 Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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