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Del Puerto HL, Miranda APGS, Qutob D, Ferreira E, Silva FHS, Lima BM, Carvalho BA, Roque-Souza B, Gutseit E, Castro DC, Pozzolini ET, Duarte NO, Lopes TBG, Taborda DYO, Quirino SM, Elgerbi A, Choy JS, Underwood A. Clinical Correlation of Transcription Factor SOX3 in Cancer: Unveiling Its Role in Tumorigenesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:777. [PMID: 38927713 PMCID: PMC11202618 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the SOX (SRY-related HMG box) family of transcription factors are crucial for embryonic development and cell fate determination. This review investigates the role of SOX3 in cancer, as aberrations in SOX3 expression have been implicated in several cancers, including osteosarcoma, breast, esophageal, endometrial, ovarian, gastric, hepatocellular carcinomas, glioblastoma, and leukemia. These dysregulations modulate key cancer outcomes such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, cell cycle, and proliferation, contributing to cancer development. SOX3 exhibits varied expression patterns correlated with clinicopathological parameters in diverse tumor types. This review aims to elucidate the nuanced role of SOX3 in tumorigenesis, correlating its expression with clinical and pathological characteristics in cancer patients and cellular modelsBy providing a comprehensive exploration of SOX3 involvement in cancer, this review underscores the multifaceted role of SOX3 across distinct tumor types. The complexity uncovered in SOX3 function emphasizes the need for further research to unravel its full potential in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lima Del Puerto
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Ana Paula G. S. Miranda
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Dinah Qutob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, OH 44720, USA;
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Felipe H. S. Silva
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Bruna M. Lima
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Barbara A. Carvalho
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Bruna Roque-Souza
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Gutseit
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Diego C. Castro
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Emanuele T. Pozzolini
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Nayara O. Duarte
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Thacyana B. G. Lopes
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Daiana Y. O. Taborda
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Stella M. Quirino
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (E.F.)
| | - Ahmed Elgerbi
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - John S. Choy
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Adam Underwood
- Division of Mathematics and Sciences, Walsh University, North Canton, OH 44720, USA;
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Zhang S, Fu Z, Xu Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Feng X. The masculinization steroid milieu caused by fluorene-9-bisphenol disrupts sex-typical courtship behavior in female zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114174. [PMID: 36228360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the behavior of congenital sex differences between males and females is highly dependent on steroid signals and hormonal milieu. The presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment generally plays a similar role to sex hormones, so its interference with aquatic organism population stability can not be ignored and is worth studying. Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) has been clarified as an endocrine disruptor on organisms by several studies but its mechanism in perturbation of courtship behavior of female zebrafish is not clear. Here, we proposed an automated multi-zebrafish tracking method quantifying the courtship process and reported that zebrafish females exposed to BHPF, are not receptive to males but rather court females, and lose normal ovarian function with an altered sex steroid milieu. Our results showed that BHPF damaged 17β-estradiol synthesis by down-regulation of sox3 and cyp19a1a, linking apoptosis with ovary development and female fecundity. The down-regulated expression of estrogen signaling through an estrogen receptor, esr2b, caused the induction of masculinization of female courtship behavior and sexual preference in zebrafish females after BHPF treatment. This process might be mediated by inhibiting the transcription of a neuropeptide B (npb) in the brain. Our study reveals that the estrogen signaling pathway may play an important role in classical courtship behavior and sexual preference of zebrafish. This study provided evidence that anti-estrogenic chemical exposure caused adverse effects on the regulation of the brain-gonad-estrogen axis of aquatic organisms, which should be of concern and highlighted the importance of controlling environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenhua Fu
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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3
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Silva FHDS, Underwood A, Almeida CP, Ribeiro TS, Souza-Fagundes EM, Martins AS, Eliezeck M, Guatimosim S, Andrade LO, Rezende L, Gomes HW, Oliveira CA, Rodrigues RC, Borges IT, Cassali GD, Ferreira E, Del Puerto HL. Transcription factor SOX3 upregulated pro-apoptotic genes expression in human breast cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:212. [PMID: 36175695 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-determining region Y-box 3 (SOX3) protein, a SOX transcriptions factors group, has been identified as a key regulator in several diseases, including cancer. Downregulation of transcriptions factors in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) can interfere in neoplasia development, increasing its aggressiveness. We investigated SOX3 protein expression and its correlation with apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, as SOX3 and Pro-Caspase-3 immunoexpression in paraffin-embedded invasive ductal carcinoma tissue samples from patients (n = 27). Breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + and pEF1-Empty vector followed by cytotoxicity assay (MTT), Annexin-V FITC PI for apoptosis percentage assessment by flow cytometry, qPCR for apoptotic-related gene expression, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to SOX3 immunolocalization in culture cells, and paraffin-embedded invasive ductal carcinoma tissue samples. RESULTS Apoptotic rate was higher in cells transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + (56%) than controls (10%). MDA-MB-231 transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + presented upregulation of pro-apoptotic mRNA from CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and BAX genes, contrasting with downregulation antiapoptotic mRNA from BCL2, compared to non-transfected cells and cells transfected with pEF1-empty vector (p < 0.005). SOX3 protein nuclear expression was detected in 14% (4/27 cases) of ductal carcinoma cases, and pro-Caspase-3 expression was positive in 50% of the cases. CONCLUSION Data suggest that SOX3 transcription factor upregulates apoptosis in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and has a down nuclear expression in ductal carcinoma cases, and need to be investigated as a tumor suppressor protein, and its loss of expression and non-nuclear action turn the cells resistant to apoptosis. Further studies are necessary to understand how SOX3 protein regulates the promoter regions of genes involved in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Henrique de Souza Silva
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adam Underwood
- Division of Mathematics and Sciences, Walsh University, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Camila Pereira Almeida
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thais Salviana Ribeiro
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Almir S Martins
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eliezeck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana O Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luisa Rezende
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hipacia Werneck Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleida Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Terra Borges
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Helen Lima Del Puerto
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Samarghandian S. Cervical cancer progression is regulated by SOX transcription factors: Revealing signaling networks and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112335. [PMID: 34700233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth common gynecologic cancer and is considered as second leading cause of death among women. Various strategies are applied in treatment of cervical cancer including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. However, cervical cancer cells demonstrate aggressive behavior in advanced phases, requiring novel strategies in their elimination. On the other hand, SOX proteins are transcription factors capable of regulating different molecular pathways and their expression varies during embryogenesis, disease development and carcinogenesis. In the present review, our aim is to reveal role of SOX transcription factors in cervical cancer. SOX transcription factors play like a double-edged sword in cancer. For instance, SOX9 possesses both tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting role in cervical cancer. Therefore, exact role of each SOX members in cervical cancer has been discussed to direct further experiments for revealing other functions. SOX proteins can regulate proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, response of cervical cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is tightly regulated by SOX transcription factors. Different downstream targets of SOX proteins such as Wnt signaling, EMT and Hedgehog have been identified. Besides, upstream mediators such as microRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate SOX expression in cervical cancer. In addition to pre-clinical studies, role of SOX transcription factors as prognostic and diagnostic tools in cervical cancer has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gholami
- DVM. Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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5
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Taeb S, Hushmandi K, Orouei S, Shahinozzaman M, Zabolian A, Moghadam ER, Raei M, Zarrabi A, Khan H, Najafi M. Cancer and SOX proteins: New insight into their role in ovarian cancer progression/inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105159. [PMID: 32818654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are potential targets in disease therapy, particularly in cancer. This is due to the fact that transcription factors regulate a variety of cellular events, and their modulation has opened a new window in cancer therapy. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are potential transcription factors that are involved in developmental processes such as embryogenesis. It has been reported that abnormal expression of SOX proteins is associated with development of different cancers, particularly ovarian cancer (OC). In the present review, our aim is to provide a mechanistic review of involvement of SOX members in OC. SOX members may suppress and/or promote aggressiveness and proliferation of OC cells. Clinical studies have also confirmed the potential of transcription factors as diagnostic and prognostic factors in OC. Notably, studies have demonstrated the relationship between SOX members and other molecular pathways such as ST6Ga1-I, PI3K, ERK and so on, leading to more complexity. Furthermore, SOX members can be affected by upstream mediators such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and so on. It is worth mentioning that the expression of each member of SOX proteins is corelated with different stages of OC. Furthermore, their expression determines the response of OC cells to chemotherapy. These topics are discussed in this review to shed some light on role of SOX transcription factors in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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7
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Lu S, Yu Z, Zhang X, Sui L. MiR-483 Targeted SOX3 to Suppress Glioma Cell Migration, Invasion and Promote Cell Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2153-2161. [PMID: 32210581 PMCID: PMC7075338 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor that has high aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic targets for gliomas. Materials and Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to calculate the expression of miRNA and genes. The connection between the expression of miR-483 and patients' overall survival rate was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. In addition, the underlying mechanism was detected using luciferase assay. Results The expression level of miR-483 was significantly decreased in glioma tissue samples and cell lines, compared to the adjacent tissues and normal cell lines. Downregulation of miR-483 or upregulation of SOX3 was associated with overall survival of glioma patients. Additionally, overexpression of miR-483 promotes cell invasion and migration and inhibits apoptosis. In addition, miR-483 directly targeted to SOX3, and the expression of miR-483 has a negative correlation with SOX3 in glioma tissues. SOX3 reversed partial functions of miR-483 on cell migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in glioma. Conclusion MiR-483 inhibited glioma cell migration, invasion, and promoted glioma cell apoptosis by targeting SOX3. MiR-483 maybe acted as a potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Department of Internal Neurology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Internal Neurology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Sui
- Department of Internal Neurology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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8
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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9
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Loss-of-function of sox3 causes follicle development retardation and reduces fecundity in zebrafish. Protein Cell 2018; 10:347-364. [PMID: 30588557 PMCID: PMC6468042 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is essential for production of female gametes in vertebrates. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying follicle development, particularly apoptosis regulation in ovary, remain elusive. Here, we generated sox3 knockout zebrafish lines using CRISPR/Cas9. sox3 knockout led to follicle development retardation and a reduced fecundity in females. Comparative analysis of transcriptome between sox3−/− and wild-type ovaries revealed that Sox3 was involved in pathways of ovarian steroidogenesis and apoptosis. Knockout of sox3 promoted follicle apoptosis and obvious apoptosis signals were detected in somatic cells of stages III and IV follicles of sox3−/− ovaries. Moreover, Sox3 can bind to and activate the promoter of cyp19a1a. Up-regulation of Cyp19a1a expression promoted 17β-estradiol synthesis, which inhibited apoptosis in follicle development. Thus, Sox3 functions as a regulator of Cyp19a1a expression, via 17β-E2 linking apoptosis suppression, which is implicated in improving female fecundity.
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10
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Marjanovic Vicentic J, Drakulic D, Garcia I, Vukovic V, Aldaz P, Puskas N, Nikolic I, Tasic G, Raicevic S, Garros-Regulez L, Sampron N, Atkinson MJ, Anastasov N, Matheu A, Stevanovic M. SOX3 can promote the malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 42:41-54. [PMID: 30209685 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Despite current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the median survival of glioblastoma patients is 15 months. The development of this tumor depends on a sub-population of glioblastoma stem cells governing tumor propagation and therapy resistance. SOX3 plays a role in both normal neural development and carcinogenesis. However, little is known about its role in glioblastoma. Thus, the aim of this work was to elucidate the role of SOX3 in glioblastoma. METHODS SOX3 expression was assessed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT, immunocytochemistry and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effects of exogenous SOX3 overexpression on the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells, respectively. The expression of Hedgehog signaling pathway components and autophagy markers was assessed using RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. RESULTS Higher levels of SOX3 expression were detected in a subset of primary glioblastoma samples compared to those in non-tumoral brain tissues. Exogenous overexpression of this gene was found to increase the proliferation, viability, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. We also found that SOX3 up-regulation was accompanied by an enhanced activity of the Hedgehog signaling pathway and by suppression of autophagy in glioblastoma cells. Additionally, we found that SOX3 expression was elevated in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells, as well as in oncospheres derived from glioblastoma cell lines, compared to their differentiated counterparts, implying that SOX3 expression is associated with the undifferentiated state of glioblastoma cells. CONCLUSION From our data we conclude that SOX3 can promote the malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marjanovic Vicentic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Drakulic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Idoia Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladanka Vukovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paula Aldaz
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nela Puskas
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Ð. Kostić", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Nikolic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Tasic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Savo Raicevic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laura Garros-Regulez
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nicolas Sampron
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,Neuro-oncology Tumor Board, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natasa Anastasov
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,Neuro-oncology Tumor Board, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Prognostic significance of SOX2 , SOX3 , SOX11 , SOX14 and SOX18 gene expression in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2018; 67:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Su R, Cao S, Ma J, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng J, Chen J, Liu L, Cai H, Li Z, Zhao L, He Q, Xue Y. Knockdown of SOX2OT inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of glioblastoma stem cells via up-regulating the expression of miR-194-5p and miR-122. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:171. [PMID: 29132362 PMCID: PMC5683208 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of lncRNA-SOX2OT on the biological behaviors of GSCs. Results Real-time PCR demonstrated that SOX2OT expression was up-regulated in glioma tissues and GSCs. Knockdown of SOX2OT inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, and promoted GSCs apoptosis. MiR-194-5p and miR-122 were down-regulated in human glioma tissues and GSCs, and miR-194-5p and miR-122 respectively exerted tumor-suppressive functions by inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, while promoting GSCs apoptosis. Knockdown of SOX2OT significantly increased the expression of miR-194-5p and miR-122 in GSCs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that SOX2OT bound to both miR-194-5p and miR-122. SOX3 and TDGF-1 were up-regulated in human glioma tissues and GSCs. Knockdown of SOX3 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, promoted GSCs apoptosis, and decreased TDGF-1 mRNA and protein expression through direct binding to the TDGF-1 promoter. Over-expression of miR-194-5p and miR-122 decreased the mRNA and protein expression of SOX3 by targeting its 3’UTR. Knockdown of TDGF-1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, promoted GSCs apoptosis, and inhibited the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, SOX3 knockdown also inhibited the SOX2OT expression through direct binding to the SOX2OT promoter and formed a positive feedback loop. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate that the SOX2OT-miR-194-5p/miR-122-SOX3-TDGF-1 pathway forms a positive feedback loop and regulates the biological behaviors of GSCs, and these findings might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0737-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lini Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru He
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Qiu M, Chen D, Shen C, Shen J, Zhao H, He Y. Sex-determining region Y-box protein 3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma cells via transcriptional activation of Snail1. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2017; 36:46. [PMID: 28335789 PMCID: PMC5364714 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor sex-determining region Y-box protein 3 (SOX3) plays important roles in various types of cancer. However, its expression and function have not yet been elucidated in osteosarcoma (OS). Methods The expression levels of SOX3 in OS tissues and OS cell lines were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The effects of SOX3 expression on OS cell biological traits were investigated by overexpressing and downregulating SOX3 protein. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and transcription factors associated with EMT (EMT-TFs), were detected simultaneously. The mechanism underlying SOX3-mediated Snail1 expression was further investigated. Results SOX3 was upregulated in human OS tissues. SOX3 overexpression promoted the EMT, migration and invasion in OS cells. The downregulation of SOX3 resulted in opposing effects. Furthermore, SOX3 upregulation enhanced the expression of the transcriptional repressor Snail1 by binding to its promoter region. Additionally, a positive correlation among the expression of SOX3, Snail1, and E-cadherin was demonstrated in human OS tissues. Conclusions SOX3 promotes migration, invasiveness, and EMT in OS cells via transcriptional activation of Snail1 expression, suggesting that SOX3 is a novel regulator of EMT in OS and may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of OS metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manle Qiu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Daoyun Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Shen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huakun Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaohua He
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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