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Zhao C, He Y, Shi H, Han C, Zhu X, Wang C, Wang B, Liu J, Shi Y, Hua D. Investigating the molecular mechanism of vitexin targeting CDK1 to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation via GEO chip data mining, computer simulation, and biological activity verification. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03341-y. [PMID: 39145810 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the antiproliferative activity of the traditional Chinese medicine monomer vitexin on colon cancer HCT-116 cells and its underlying mechanism. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of vitexin on colon cancer HCT-116 cells was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Potential drug targets for colon cancer were identified through GEO chip data mining, and molecular docking using Schrödinger software was conducted. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to deeply analyze the interaction between candidate compounds and target proteins. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the cell cycle. The impact of vitexin on the expression of CDK1/cyclinB proteins in HCT-116 cells was assessed through Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and CDK inhibition assay. Vitexin exhibited inhibitory effects on colon cancer HCT-116 cells, with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 203.27 ± 9.85 μmol/L. The analysis of differential gene expression in GEO and TCGA datasets, along with the GENECARD dataset of related disease genes, identified 91 disease targets, including "CDK1." Vitexin induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase of HCT-116 cells. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between Vitexin and CDK1 (Docking score - 9.497), with molecular dynamics simulations confirming the stability of the Vitexin-CDK1 complex and comparable inhibitory effects to Flavopiridol. Vitexin can inhibit the expression of CDK1/cyclin B proteins in HCT-116 cells, with an IC50 of 58.06 ± 3.07 μmol/L. Vitexin may inhibit colon cancer HCT-116 cell proliferation by suppressing CDK1/cyclin B expression, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hailong Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chaojun Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xingmei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Dan Hua
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Güler G, Acikgoz E, Mukhtarova G, Oktem G. Biomolecular fingerprints of the effect of zoledronic acid on prostate cancer stem cells: Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109920. [PMID: 38307315 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the potential of candidate drugs against different cancer types without disrupting normal cells depends on the drug mode of action. In the current study, the drug response of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to zoledronic acid (ZOL) grown in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems was compared using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, supporting by biochemical assays and imaging techniques. Based on our data, in 2D cell culture conditions, the ZOL treatment of PCSCs isolated according to both C133 and CD44 cell surface properties induced early/late apoptosis and suppressed migration ability. The CD133 gene expression and protein levels were altered, depending on culture systems. CD133 expression was significantly reduced in 2D cells upon ZOL treatment. FT-IR data revealed that the integrity, fluidity, and ordering/disordering states of the cell membrane and nucleic acid content were altered in both 2D and 3D cells after ZOL treatment. Regular protein structures decrease in 2D cells while glycogen and protein contents increase in 3D cells, indicating a more pronounced cytotoxic effect of ZOL for 2D cells. Untreated 3D PCSCs exhibited an even different spectral profile associated with IR signals of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycogen in comparison to untreated 2D cells. Our study revealed significant differences in the drug response and cellular constituents between 2D and 3D cells. Exploring molecular targets and/or drug-action mechanisms is significant in cancer treatment approaches; thus, FT-IR spectroscopy can be successfully applied as a novel drug-screening method in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Güler
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35433, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Günel Mukhtarova
- Department of Basic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35550, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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Ozdil B, Calik-Kocaturk D, Altunayar-Unsalan C, Acikgoz E, Gorgulu V, Uysal A, Unsalan O, Aktug H. Spectroscopic and microscopic comparisons of cell topology and chemistry analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell, somatic cell and cancer cell. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151763. [PMID: 34333240 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While embryonic stem cells and cancer cells are known to have many similarities in signalling pathways, healthy somatic cells are known to be different in many ways. Characterization of embryonic stem cell is crucial for cancer development and cancer recurrence due to the shared signalling pathways and life course with cancer initiator and cancer stem cells. Since embryonic stem cells are the sources of the somatic and cancer cells, it is necessary to reveal the relevance between them. The past decade has seen the importance of interdisciplinary studies and it is obvious that the reflection of the physical/chemical phenomena occurring on the cell biology has attracted much more attention. For this reason, the aim of this study is to elementally and topologically characterize the mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse lung squamous cancer cells, and mouse skin fibroblast cells by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) supported with Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques in a complementary way. Our AFM findings revealed that roughness data of the mouse embryonic stem cells and cancer cells were similar and somatic cells were found to be statistically different from these two cell types. However, based on both XPS and SEM-EDS results, surface elemental ratios vary in mouse embryonic stem cells, cancer cells and somatic cells. Our results showed that these complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques used in this work are very effective in cancer and stem cell characterization and have the potential to gather more detailed information on relevant biological samples.
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Hu Z, Chen Y, Song L, Yik JHN, Haudenschild DR, Fan S. Flavopiridol Protects Bone Tissue by Attenuating RANKL Induced Osteoclast Formation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:174. [PMID: 29773986 PMCID: PMC5944179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption and homeostasis is carried out by osteoclasts, whose differentiation and activity are regulated by the RANK/RANKL axis. Our previous studies using a mouse model of joint injury show that joint trauma induces local inflammation followed by bone remodeling. The transcription factor cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is the major regulator of inflammation, as CDK9 inhibitor flavopiridol effectively suppress injury-induced inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism through which flavopiridol regulates bone resorption. The effects of CDK9 inhibition, by the specific-inhibitor flavopiridol, on bone resorption were determined in vivo using two distinct and clinically relevant bone remodeling models. The first model involved titanium particle-induced acute osteolysis, and the second model was ovariectomy-induced chronic osteoporosis. The effects and mechanism of CDK9 inhibition on osteoclastogenesis were examined using in vitro culture of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Our results indicated that flavopiridol potently suppressed bone resorption in both in vivo bone-remodeling models. In addition, CDK9 inhibition suppressed in vitro osteoclastogenesis of BMM and reduced their expression of osteoclast-specific genes. Finally, we determined that flavopiridol suppressed RANKL signaling pathway via inhibition of p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Summary, CDK9 is a potential therapeutic target to prevent osteolysis and osteoporosis by flavopiridol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi'ang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jasper H N Yik
- Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Güler G, Acikgoz E, Karabay Yavasoglu NÜ, Bakan B, Goormaghtigh E, Aktug H. Deciphering the biochemical similarities and differences among mouse embryonic stem cells, somatic and cancer cells using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 143:1624-1634. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular macromolecules play important roles in cellular behaviors and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Güler
- Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR)
- Ege University
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Ege University
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | | | - Buket Bakan
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Erik Goormaghtigh
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes
- Center of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Huseyin Aktug
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Ege University
- Izmir
- Turkey
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Sukhon F, Assaf EJ, Bahmad H, Abou-Abbass H, Jourdi H, Kobeissy FH. Degradomics in Neurotrauma: Profiling Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1598:65-99. [PMID: 28508358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradomics has recently emerged as a subdiscipline in the omics era with a focus on characterizing signature breakdown products implicated in various disease processes. Driven by promising experimental findings in cancer, neuroscience, and metabolomic disorders, degradomics has significantly promoted the notion of disease-specific "degradome." A degradome arises from the activation of several proteases that target specific substrates and generate signature protein fragments. Several proteases such as calpains, caspases, cathepsins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases that disturb the physiologic balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. While regulated proteolytic activities are needed for development, growth, and regeneration, uncontrolled proteolysis initiated under pathological conditions ultimately culminates into apoptotic and necrotic processes. In this chapter, we aim to review the protease-substrate repertoires in neural injury concentrating on traumatic brain injury. A striking diversity of protease substrates, essential for neuronal and brain structural and functional integrity, namely, encryptic biomarker neoproteins, have been characterized in brain injury. These include cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, cell cycle regulatory proteins, synaptic proteins, and cell junction proteins. As these substrates are subject to proteolytic fragmentation, they are ceaselessly exposed to activated proteases. Characterization of these molecules allows for a surge of "possible" therapeutic approaches of intervention at various levels of the proteolytic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fares Sukhon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edwyn Jeremy Assaf
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medical, Neuroscience Research Center, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Abou-Abbass
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussam Jourdi
- Faculty of Science¸ Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Souk-el-Gharb Campus, Aley, Lebanon
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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