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Manuel AP, Shankar K. Hot Electrons in TiO 2-Noble Metal Nano-Heterojunctions: Fundamental Science and Applications in Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1249. [PMID: 34068571 PMCID: PMC8151081 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalysis enables innovation by harnessing photonic energy across a broad swathe of the solar spectrum to drive chemical reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments and issues for advanced research in plasmonic hot electron driven photocatalytic technologies focusing on TiO2-noble metal nanoparticle heterojunctions. In-depth discussions on fundamental hot electron phenomena in plasmonic photocatalysis is the focal point of this review. We summarize hot electron dynamics, elaborate on techniques to probe and measure said phenomena, and provide perspective on potential applications-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, CO2 photoreduction, and photoelectrochemical water splitting-that benefit from this technology. A contentious and hitherto unexplained phenomenon is the wavelength dependence of plasmonic photocatalysis. Many published reports on noble metal-metal oxide nanostructures show action spectra where quantum yields closely follow the absorption corresponding to higher energy interband transitions, while an equal number also show quantum efficiencies that follow the optical response corresponding to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We have provided a working hypothesis for the first time to reconcile these contradictory results and explain why photocatalytic action in certain plasmonic systems is mediated by interband transitions and in others by hot electrons produced by the decay of particle plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P. Manuel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
- Future Energy Systems Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1K4, Canada
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Zhang H, Harrington LB, Lu Y, Prado M, Saer R, Rempel D, Blankenship RE, Gross ML. Native Mass Spectrometry Characterizes the Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex from the Purple Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:87-95. [PMID: 27506206 PMCID: PMC5613939 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging approach to study protein complexes in their near-native states and to elucidate their stoichiometry and topology. Here, we report a native MS study of the membrane-embedded reaction center (RC) protein complex from the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The membrane-embedded RC protein complex is stabilized by detergent micelles in aqueous solution, directly introduced into a mass spectrometer by nano-electrospray (nESI), and freed of detergents and dissociated in the gas phase by collisional activation. As the collision energy is increased, the chlorophyll pigments are gradually released from the RC complex, suggesting that native MS introduces a near-native structure that continues to bind pigments. Two bacteriochlorophyll a pigments remain tightly bound to the RC protein at the highest collision energy. The order of pigment release and their resistance to release by gas-phase activation indicates the strength of pigment interaction in the RC complex. This investigation sets the stage for future native MS studies of membrane-embedded photosynthetic pigment-protein and related complexes.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lucas B Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Mindy Prado
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Rafael Saer
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Don Rempel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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