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Gatto A. Polycentric and resilient perspectives for governing the commons: Strategic and law and economics insights for sustainable development. AMBIO 2022; 51:1921-1932. [PMID: 35639252 PMCID: PMC9287511 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Commons governance theory is central to identifying and managing conflicts arising from natural and cultural resources traps. Scholars - using game theory and economic analysis of law - have proposed alternative models, consisting of a set of mitigated scenarios, multiple players, and new equilibria in commons governance. Likewise, novel legal innovations of the commons have also been designed. Reinterpreting the commons in light of political economy, ecology, and pluralistic approaches, a critical review of existing scholarship, economic analysis of law, and case study investigations are performed. Examining an array of views - including governance of water in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Italy - a research and policy agenda is put forward to offer original interpretations and novel holistic perspectives. Germane environmental policy implications deriving from SDGs, resilient governance, and polycentric perspectives are thus extrapolated. Finally, pluralistic frameworks drafted by mitigation and adaptation are measured by improved sustainable development performance in commons, resource, and water governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gatto
- Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang, China.
- Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, UK.
- Centre for Studies on Europe, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan.
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Ward C, Stringer LC, Warren-Thomas E, Agus F, Crowson M, Hamer K, Hariyadi B, Kartika WD, Lucey J, McClean C, Nurida NL, Petorelli N, Pratiwi E, Saad A, Andriyani R, Ariani T, Sriwahyuni H, Hill JK. Smallholder perceptions of land restoration activities: rewetting tropical peatland oil palm areas in Sumatra, Indonesia. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2020; 21:1. [PMID: 33362432 PMCID: PMC7749744 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-020-01737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Indonesian government committed to restoring over 2 million ha of degraded peatland by the end of 2020, mainly to reduce peat fires and greenhouse gas emissions. Although it is unlikely the government will meet this target, restoration projects are still underway. One restoration strategy involves blocking peatland drainage canals, but the consequences of this for smallholder farmers whose livelihoods are dependent on agriculture are unclear. This paper investigates perceived impacts of canal blocks on smallholder farmers and identifies factors that affect their willingness to accept canal blocks on their land. We use data from 181 household questionnaires collected in 2018 across three villages in Jambi province, Sumatra. We found that the majority of respondents would accept canal blocks on their farms, perceiving that the blocks would have no impact on yields or farm access, and would decrease fire risk. Respondents who would not accept blocks on their farms were more likely to use canals to access their farms and perceive that canal blocks would decrease yields. The majority of farmers unwilling to accept canal blocks did not change their mind when provided with an option of a block that would allow boat travel. Our results improve understanding of why some smallholders may be unwilling to engage with peatland restoration. Further research is needed to understand the impact of canal blocks on smallholders' yields. Engaging with stakeholders from the outset to understand farmers' concerns, and perceptions is key if the government is to succeed in meeting its peatland restoration target and to ensure that the costs and benefits of restoration are evenly shared between local stakeholders and other actors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-020-01737-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ward
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lindsay C. Stringer
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eleanor Warren-Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, York, UK
| | - Fahmuddin Agus
- Indonesia Soil Research Institute, Indonesia Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Merry Crowson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Keith Hamer
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bambang Hariyadi
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Winda D. Kartika
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia
| | | | - Colin McClean
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Neneng L. Nurida
- Indonesia Soil Research Institute, Indonesia Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Etty Pratiwi
- Indonesia Soil Research Institute, Indonesia Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Aasmadi Saad
- Soil Science Division, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Andriyani
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Tantria Ariani
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Heni Sriwahyuni
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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Ward C, Stringer LC, Warren‐Thomas E, Agus F, Hamer K, Pettorelli N, Hariyadi B, Hodgson J, Kartika WD, Lucey J, McClean C, Nurida NL, Saad A, Hill JK. Wading through the swamp: what does tropical peatland restoration mean to national‐level stakeholders in Indonesia? Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ward
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds Leeds U.K
| | | | | | - Fahmuddin Agus
- Indonesia Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development Indonesia Soil Research Institute Bogor Indonesia
| | - Keith Hamer
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds U.K
| | | | - Bambang Hariyadi
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Jambi University Jambi Indonesia
| | - Jenny Hodgson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool U.K
| | - Winda D. Kartika
- Biology Education Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Jambi University Jambi Indonesia
| | | | | | - Neneng L. Nurida
- Indonesia Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development Indonesia Soil Research Institute Bogor Indonesia
| | - Asmadi Saad
- Soil Science Division, Faculty of Agriculture Jambi University Jambi Indonesia
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Department of Biology University of York York U.K
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Ariti AT, van Vliet J, Verburg PH. The role of institutional actors and their interactions in the land use policy making process in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:235-246. [PMID: 30798042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the different institutional actors involved in the development and implementation of land use policies in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The work is based on interviews with key informants from different administrative levels and these results are compared to the relevant policy documents. While the constitution prescribes a participatory policy development process, our results show that in reality policies are made at the highest level and implemented in a top-down approach from the higher to the lower administrative levels. Moreover, the institutional network mainly consists of institutions that are hierarchically linked, while horizontal and diagonal relations are less common and less important. Consistently, higher level institutions are mostly involved in the development of land use policies, while the roles of lower level institutions are predominantly in the implementation thereof. This lack of participation by lower level institutions, in addition to a lack of capacity and absence of clear institutional mandates, hampers the effectiveness of land use policies. Our results also provide suggestions to improve the development, communication, and eventually the acceptability of land use policies towards sustainable land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenew Taffa Ariti
- Environmental Geography Group, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Horn of Africa Regional Environment Centre and Network, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Jasper van Vliet
- Environmental Geography Group, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Environmental Geography Group, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Wood BT, Quinn CH, Stringer LC, Dougill AJ. Investigating Climate Compatible Development Outcomes and their Implications for Distributive Justice: Evidence from Malawi. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:436-453. [PMID: 28540441 PMCID: PMC5544806 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Governments and donors are investing in climate compatible development in order to reduce climate and development vulnerabilities. However, the rate at which climate compatible development is being operationalised has outpaced academic enquiry into the concept. Interventions aiming to achieve climate compatible development "wins" (for development, mitigation, adaptation) can also create negative side-effects. Moreover, benefits and negative side-effects may differ across time and space and have diverse consequences for individuals and groups. Assessments of the full range of outcomes created by climate compatible development projects and their implications for distributive justice are scarce. This article develops a framework using a systematic literature review that enables holistic climate compatible development outcome evaluation over seven parameters identified. Thereafter, we explore the outcomes of two donor-funded projects that pursue climate compatible development triple-wins in Malawi using this framework. Household surveys, semi-structured interviews and documentary material are analysed. Results reveal that uneven outcomes are experienced between stakeholder groups and change over time. Although climate compatible development triple-wins can be achieved through projects, they do not represent the full range of outcomes. Ecosystem-and community-based activities are becoming popularised as approaches for achieving climate compatible development goals. However, findings suggest that a strengthened evidence base is required to ensure that these approaches are able to meet climate compatible development goals and further distributive justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Wood
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Claire H Quinn
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lindsay C Stringer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Dougill
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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