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Xie D, Zhao B, Kang R, Ma X, Larssen T, Jin Z, Duan L. Delayed recovery of surface water chemistry from acidification in subtropical forest region of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169126. [PMID: 38070570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The three largest acid rain regions of current earth are located in northern and western Europe, eastern North America, and East Asia. Sulfur and nitrate concentrations in headwater streams in Europe and North America decreased as atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition decreased, albeit with a considerable delay. However, how water chemistry responds to the declining sulfur and nitrogen deposition in China is unclear. The regional survey of surface water chemistry during 2010 and 2018 within the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China showed that the recovery of the surface water chemistry was delayed for at least 5 years owing to the release of previously deposited sulfur and nitrogen stored in the soil. After sulfur deposition declined from its peak value, the subregions of purplish soil with low sulfate adsorption capacity still exhibited a net sulfur release in 2010, but this release was no longer evident by 2018. The subregions with the red and yellow soils, which have a high sulfate adsorption capacity, operated as sulfur sinks during 2010 and 2018, indicating a continuous immobilization process through sulfate reduction despite a decrease in sulfur deposition. Additionally, this sulfate reduction countered the release of sulfate caused by sulfur desorption. There was a substantial nitrogen sink within the Sichuan Basin. Nitrogen leaching decreased slowly with the declined nitrogen deposition, except in regions where nitrogen deposition exceeded the critical threshold. Compared to temperate forest regions in Europe, the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have experienced higher decline rates in the leaching of sulfur and nitrogen, highlighting that the subtropical forest region undergoes a faster restoration of surface water chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ronghua Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Grid Xinyuan Company Ltd., Beijing 100052, China
| | - Thorjørn Larssen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
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Solár J, Tomaškovič J. Physicochemical properties of mountain streams in the High and Western Tatras. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1543. [PMID: 38012457 PMCID: PMC10682066 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the physicochemical properties of 28 mountain streams in Tatra National Park, Slovakia. Sampling sites (119) were selected based on a previous study conducted in 2010. Physical properties (e.g., temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, and dissolved oxygen) and chemical components (e.g., nitrogen oxides, ammonia oxides, chloride compounds, and chemical oxygen demand) of the water were determined. Environmental parameters of streams (elevation, slope, aspect, width, depth, flow accumulation, watershed size, bedrock, and presence of mountain lakes) at sampling sites were examined. While comparing results from both periods (2010 and 2017), we found a correlation in data trends, concluding that elevation plays a significant role in almost all investigated parameters. Downstream, streams were more saturated by dissolved solids, CaCO3, and nitrates, increasing the pH level. Despite this well-known trend, we observed significant higher levels of ammonias and chlorides in the alpine zone, especially at sites where higher water temperature and lower values of dissolved oxygen were observed. This occurred in the Eastern Tatras, below mountain lakes, and where watersheds had granite origins. There are indications that denitrification processes were significantly stronger in 2017, but, on the other hand, increased chlorides resulted in stronger inhibition of nitrification processes in alpine zones at sites below mountain lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Solár
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Zilina, Tatranská Javorina, 7, SK-059 56, Tatranská Javorina, Zilina, Slovakia.
| | - Jakub Tomaškovič
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Zilina, Tatranská Javorina, 7, SK-059 56, Tatranská Javorina, Zilina, Slovakia
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Rogora M, Steingruber S, Marchetto A, Mosello R, Giacomotti P, Orru' A, Tartari GA, Tiberti R. Response of atmospheric deposition and surface water chemistry to the COVID-19 lockdown in an alpine area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62312-62329. [PMID: 35397723 PMCID: PMC8994528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on deposition and surface water chemistry were investigated in an area south of the Alps. Long-term data provided by the monitoring networks revealed that the deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in this area has stabilized since around 2010; in 2020, however, both concentrations and deposition were significantly below the average values of the previous decade for SO4 and NO3. Less evident changes were observed for NH4 and base cation. The estimated decrease of deposition in 2020 with respect to the previous decade was on average - 54% and - 46% for SO4 and NO3, respectively. The lower deposition of SO4 and NO3 recorded in 2020 was caused by the sharp decrease of SO2 and particularly of NOx air concentrations mainly due to the mobility restrictions consequent to the COVID-19 lockdown. The limited effects on NH4 deposition can be explained by the fact that NH3 emission was not affected by the lockdown, being mainly related to agricultural activities. A widespread response to the decreased deposition of S and N compounds was observed in a group of pristine freshwater sites, with NO3 concentrations in 2020 clearly below the long-term average. The rapid chemical recovery observed at freshwater sites in response to the sharp decrease of deposition put in evidence the high resilience potential of freshwater ecosystems in pristine regions and demonstrated the great potential of emission reduction policy in producing further substantial ameliorations of the water quality at sensitive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rogora
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy.
| | - Sandra Steingruber
- Ufficio dell'Aria, del Clima e e delle Energie Rinnovabili, Dipartimento del Territorio del Cantone Ticino, CH-6501, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Marchetto
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy
| | - Rosario Mosello
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy
| | - Paola Giacomotti
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy
| | - Arianna Orru'
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy
| | - Gabriele A Tartari
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy
| | - Rocco Tiberti
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DSTA, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Varbanov PS, Jia X, Lim JS. Process assessment, integration and optimisation: The path towards cleaner production. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021; 281:124602. [PMID: 33071477 PMCID: PMC7550104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This contribution starts from the broad perspective of the global material cycles, analysing the main resource and pollution issues world-wide from the viewpoint of the disturbances to these cycles caused by human activities. The issues are analysed in the light of the currently developing COVID-19 pandemic with the resulting behavioural and business pattern changes. It has been revealed in the analysis of previous reviews that there is a need for a more comprehensive analysis of the resource and environmental impact contributions by industrial and urban processes, as well as product supply chains. The review discusses the recent key developments in the areas of Process Integration and Optimisation, the assessment and reduction of process environmental impacts, waste management and integration, green technologies. That is accompanied by a review of the papers in the current Virtual Special Issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production which is dedicated to the extended articles developed on the basis of the papers presented at the 22nd Conference on Process Integration for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction. The follow-up analysis reveals significant advances in the efficiency and emission cleaning effects of key processes, as well as water/wastewater management and energy storage. The further analysis of the developments identifies several key areas for further research and development - including increases of the safety and robustness of supply networks for products and services, increase of the resources use efficiency of core production and resource conversion processes, as well as the emphasis on improved product and process design for minimising product wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Sabev Varbanov
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xuexiu Jia
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jeng Shiun Lim
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Skarbøvik E, Jordan P, Lepistö A, Kronvang B, Stutter MI, Vermaat JE. Catchment effects of a future Nordic bioeconomy: From land use to water resources. AMBIO 2020; 49:1697-1709. [PMID: 32929619 PMCID: PMC7502635 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the future, the world is expected to rely increasingly on renewable biomass resources for food, fodder, fibre and fuel. The sustainability of this transition to bioeconomy for our water systems depends to a large extent on how we manage our land resources. Changes in land use together with climate change will affect water quantity and quality, which again will have implications for the ecosystem services provided by water resources. These are the main topics of this Ambio special issue on "Environmental effects of a green bio-economy". This paper offers a summary of the eleven papers included in this issue and, at the same time, outlines an approach to quantify and mitigate the impacts of bioeconomy on water resources and their ecosystem services, with indications of useful tools and knowledge needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skarbøvik
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Philip Jordan
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Ahti Lepistö
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brian Kronvang
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Marc I. Stutter
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Dept, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jan E. Vermaat
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU-MINA), Ås, Norway
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Deininger A, Kaste Ø, Frigstad H, Austnes K. Organic nitrogen steadily increasing in Norwegian rivers draining to the Skagerrak coast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18451. [PMID: 33116239 PMCID: PMC7595164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, through reduction in the direct input of inorganic N, may result in less inorganic N being leached from soils to freshwaters (dissolved inorganic N = DIN). Declining sulphur deposition, through reducing the ionic strength in soil water, increases the solubility and mobility of organic soil compounds and may result in increased leaching of organically bound N to freshwaters (total organic N = TON). It is unknown to which extent these two independents and opposing trends, i.e. DIN decline versus TON increase, may affect the nutrient balance (load, stoichiometry) of river water draining into coastal zones. By combining long-term atmospheric and riverine monitoring data of the five major Norwegian rivers draining to the Skagerrak coast, we show that over the past 27 years (1990-2017) river water nutrient composition, and specifically N stoichiometry has been steadily shifting from inorganic to organic fractions, with correlations to changes in human pressures (air pollution), but especially climate (precipitation, temperature, discharge). This shift in nutrient quality may have large consequences on the nutrient cycling in both freshwater and coastal ecosystems and illustrates the complex interactions of multiple stressors (here: N deposition, S deposition, and climate change) on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deininger
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ø Kaste
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - H Frigstad
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - K Austnes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
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