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Marima R, Basera A, Miya T, Damane BP, Kandhavelu J, Mirza S, Penny C, Dlamini Z. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:887-900. [PMID: 38616862 PMCID: PMC11015109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the intricate field of cancer biology, researchers are increasingly intrigued by the emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) due to their multifaceted interactions, complex modulation mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications. These exosomal lncRNAs, carried within extracellular vesicles, play a vital partin tumorigenesis and disease progression by facilitating communication networks between tumor cells and their local microenvironment, making them an ideal candidates for use in a liquid biopsy approach. However, exosomal lncRNAs remain an understudied area, especially in cancer biology. Therefore this review aims to comprehensively explore the dynamic interplay between exosomal lncRNAs and various cellular components, including interactions with tumor-stroma, immune modulation, and drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the regulatory functions of exosomal lncRNAs in these processes can potentially unveil novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, the emergence of RNA-based therapeutics presents exciting opportunities for targeting exosomal lncRNAs, offering innovative strategies to combat cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review provides insights into the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology, highlighting their crucial roles, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantage of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of lncRNAs for the development of personalized targeted therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Afra Basera
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thabiso Miya
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Song X, Qian H, Yu Y. Nanoparticles Mediated the Diagnosis and Therapy of Glioblastoma: Bypass or Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302613. [PMID: 37415556 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive central nervous system malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. Current clinical approaches, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are limited by the difficulty of targeting brain lesions accurately, leading to disease recurrence and fatal outcomes. The lack of effective treatments has prompted researchers to continuously explore novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, nanomedicine has made remarkable progress and expanded its application in brain drug delivery, providing a new treatment for brain tumors. Against this background, this article reviews the application and progress of nanomedicine delivery systems in brain tumors. In this paper, the mechanism of nanomaterials crossing the blood-brain barrier is summarized. Furthermore, the specific application of nanotechnology in glioblastoma is discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Medical Micro-Nano Devices, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, 230022, China
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3
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Eskandari S, Rezayof A, Asghari SM, Hashemizadeh S. Neurobiochemical characteristics of arginine-rich peptides explain their potential therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102356. [PMID: 37390744 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer̕ s disease (AD), Parkinson̕ s disease (PD), Huntington̕ s disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) require special attention to find new potential treatment methods. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the biochemical properties of arginine-rich peptides (ARPs) and their neuroprotective effects to deal with the harmful effects of risk factors. It seems that ARPs have portrayed a promising and fantastic landscape for treating neurodegeneration-associated disorders. With multimodal mechanisms of action, ARPs play various unprecedented roles, including as the novel delivery platforms for entering the central nervous system (CNS), the potent antagonists for calcium influx, the invader molecules for targeting mitochondria, and the protein stabilizers. Interestingly, these peptides inhibit the proteolytic enzymes and block protein aggregation to induce pro-survival signaling pathways. ARPs also serve as the scavengers of toxic molecules and the reducers of oxidative stress agents. They also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, by providing an efficient nucleic acid delivery system, ARPs can play an essential role in developing various fields, including gene vaccines, gene therapy, gene editing, and imaging. ARP agents and ARP/cargo therapeutics can be raised as an emergent class of neurotherapeutics for neurodegeneration. Part of the aim of this review is to present recent advances in treating neurodegenerative diseases using ARPs as an emerging and powerful therapeutic tool. The applications and progress of ARPs-based nucleic acid delivery systems have also been discussed to highlight their usefulness as a broad-acting class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Eskandari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Hashemizadeh
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM, Tehran, Iran
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Baddam SR, Kalagara S, Kuna K, Enaganti S. Recent advancements and theranostics strategies in glioblastoma therapy. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:052007. [PMID: 37582381 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf0ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal malignant brain tumor, and it is challenging to cure with surgery and treatment. The prevention of permanent brain damage and tumor invasion, which is the ultimate cause of recurrence, are major obstacles in GBM treatment. Besides, emerging treatment modalities and newer genetic findings are helping to understand and manage GBM in patients. Accordingly, researchers are focusing on advanced nanomaterials-based strategies for tackling the various problems associated with GBM. In this context, researchers explored novel strategies with various alternative treatment approaches such as early detection techniques and theranostics approaches. In this review, we have emphasized the recent advancement of GBM cellular models and their roles in designing GBM therapeutics. We have added a special emphasis on the novel genetic and drug target findings as well as strategies for early detection. Besides, we have discussed various theranostic approaches such as hyperthermia therapy, phototherapy and image-guided therapy. Approaches utilized for targeted drug delivery to the GBM were also discussed. This article also describes the recentin vivo, in vitroandex vivoadvances using innovative theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Reddy Baddam
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute,Worcester,MA 01655, United States of America
| | - Sudhakar Kalagara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of the Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave,El Paso,TX 79968, United States of America
| | - Krishna Kuna
- Department of Chemistry,University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad,Telangana,India
| | - Sreenivas Enaganti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Averinbiotech Laboratories,208, 2nd Floor, Windsor Plaza, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, Telangana,India
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5
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Hasan H, Afzal M, Castresana JS, Shahi MH. A Comprehensive Review of miRNAs and Their Epigenetic Effects in Glioblastoma. Cells 2023; 12:1578. [PMID: 37371047 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor originating from glial cells with a maximum life expectancy of 14.6 months. Despite the establishment of multiple promising therapies, the clinical outcome of glioblastoma patients is abysmal. Drug resistance has been identified as a major factor contributing to the failure of current multimodal therapy. Epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation has been identified as a major regulatory mechanism behind glioblastoma progression. In addition, miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA, have been found to play a role in the regulation as well as in the diagnosis of glioblastoma. The relationship between epigenetics, drug resistance, and glioblastoma progression has been clearly demonstrated. MGMT hypermethylation, leading to a lack of MGMT expression, is associated with a cytotoxic effect of TMZ in GBM, while resistance to TMZ frequently appears in MGMT non-methylated GBM. In this review, we will elaborate on known miRNAs linked to glioblastoma; their distinctive oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles; and how epigenetic modification of miRNAs, particularly via methylation, leads to their upregulation or downregulation in glioblastoma. Moreover, we will try to identify those miRNAs that might be potential regulators of MGMT expression and their role as predictors of tumor response to temozolomide treatment. Although we do not impact clinical data and survival, we open possible experimental approaches to treat GBM, although they should be further validated with clinically oriented studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera Hasan
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mehdi H Shahi
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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6
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Dain L, Zhu G. Nucleic acid immunotherapeutics and vaccines: A promising approach to glioblastoma multiforme treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122924. [PMID: 37037396 PMCID: PMC10194422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly and difficult to treat primary brain tumor for which satisfactory therapeutics have yet to be discovered. While cancer immunotherapeutics, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have successfully improved the treatment of some other types of cancer, the poorly immunogenic GBM tumor cells and the immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment have made it difficult to develop GBM immunotherapeutics. Nucleic acids therapeutics and vaccines, particularly those of mRNA, have become a popular field of research in recent years. This review presents the progress of nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccines for GBM and briefly covers some representative delivery methods of nucleic acids to the central nervous system (CNS) for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy; The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy; The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Nanomedicine based strategies for oligonucleotide traversion across the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2023; 354:554-571. [PMID: 36649742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are considered the most prominent cause of disability worldwide. The major hurdle in the management of neurological disorders is the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders the entry of several therapeutic moieties. In recent years, oligonucleotides have gained tremendous attention for their target specificity, diminished dose and adverse effects, thereby halting disease progression. However, enzymatic degradation, rapid clearance, limited circulation and availability at the bio-active site, etc., limit its clinical translation. Nanomedicine has opened up a breadth of opportunities in the delivery of oligonucleotides across the BBB. This review addresses the pitfalls associated with oligonucleotide delivery in traversing the BBB via nanotherapeutics for the management of brain disorders. Regulatory perspectives pertaining to hastening the clinical translation of oligonucleotide-loaded nanocarriers for brain delivery have been highlighted.
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Zhang Y, Rabinovsky R, Wei Z, El Fatimy R, Deforzh E, Luan B, Peshkin L, Uhlmann EJ, Krichevsky AM. Secreted PGK1 and IGFBP2 contribute to the bystander effect of miR-10b gene editing in glioma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:265-275. [PMID: 36700043 PMCID: PMC9852814 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is an essential glioma driver and one of the top candidates for targeted therapies for glioblastoma and other cancers. This unique miRNA controls glioma cell cycle and viability via an array of established conventional and unconventional mechanisms. Previously reported CRISPR-Cas9-mediated miR-10b gene editing of glioma cells in vitro and established orthotopic glioblastoma in mouse models demonstrated the efficacy of this approach and its promise for therapy development. However, therapeutic gene editing in patients' brain tumors may be hampered, among other factors, by the imperfect delivery and distribution of targeting vectors. Here, we demonstrate that miR-10b gene editing in glioma cells triggers a potent bystander effect that leads to the selective cell death of the unedited glioma cells without affecting the normal neuroglial cells. The effect is mediated by the secreted miR-10b targets phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) that block cell-cycle progression and induce glioma cell death. These findings further support the feasibility of therapeutic miR-10b editing without the need to target every cell of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalia Rabinovsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evgeny Deforzh
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bai Luan
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erik J. Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author: Anna M. Krichevsky, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Lee S, Lee JH. Brain somatic mutations as RNA therapeutic targets in neurological disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1514:11-20. [PMID: 35527236 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research into the genetic etiology of a neurological disorder can provide directions for genetic diagnosis and targeted therapy. In the past, germline mutations, which are transmitted from parents or newly arise from parental germ cells, were considered as major genetic causes of neurological disorders. However, recent evidence has shown that somatic mutations in the brain, which can arise from neural stem cells during development or over aging, account for a significant number of brain disorders, ranging from neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric to neoplastic disease. Moreover, the identification of disease-causing somatic mutations or mutated genes has provided new insights into molecular pathogenesis and unveiled potential therapeutic targets for treating neurological disorders that have few, or no, therapeutic options. RNA therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are emerging as promising therapeutic tools for treating genetic neurological disorders. As the number of approved and investigational ASO and siRNA drugs for neurological disorders associated with germline mutations increases, they may also prove to be attractive modalities for treating neurologic disorders resulting from somatic mutations. In this perspective, we highlight several neurological diseases caused by brain somatic mutations and discuss the potential role of RNA therapeutics in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyul Lee
- SoVarGen Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- SoVarGen Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST), KAIST BioMedical Research Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Wang K, Kumar US, Sadeghipour N, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R. A Microfluidics-Based Scalable Approach to Generate Extracellular Vesicles with Enhanced Therapeutic MicroRNA Loading for Intranasal Delivery to Mouse Glioblastomas. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18327-18346. [PMID: 34723509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles derived from different cell sources, are used as promising nanovesicles for delivering therapeutic microRNAs (miRNAs) and drugs in cancer therapy. However, their clinical translation is limited by the quantity, size heterogeneity, and drug or small RNA loading efficiency. Herein, we developed a scalable microfluidic platform that can load therapeutic miRNAs (antimiRNA-21 and miRNA-100) and drugs while controlling the size of microfluidically processed EVs (mpEVs) using a pressure-based disruption and reconstitution process. We prepared mpEVs of optimal size using microvesicles isolated from neural stem cells engineered to overexpress CXCR4 receptor and characterized them for charge and miRNA loading efficiency. Since the delivery of therapeutic miRNAs to brain cancer is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we adopted intranasal administration of miRNA-loaded CXCR4-engineered mpEVs in orthotopic GBM mouse models and observed a consistent pattern of mpEVs trafficking across the nasal epithelia, bypassing the BBB into the intracranial compartment. In addition, the CXCR4-engineered mpEVs manifested selective tropism toward GBMs by stromal-derived factor-1 chemotaxis to deliver their miRNA cargo. The delivered miRNAs sensitized GBM cells to temozolomide, resulting in prominent tumor regression, and improved the overall survival of mice. A simple and efficient approach of packaging miRNAs in mpEVs using microfluidics, combined with a noninvasive nose-to-brain delivery route presents far-reaching potential opportunities to improve GBM therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Uday S Kumar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Negar Sadeghipour
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
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11
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Wang J, Xu Z, Wang Z, Du G, Lun L. TGF-beta signaling in cancer radiotherapy. Cytokine 2021; 148:155709. [PMID: 34597918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. TGF-β exerts tumor-suppressive effects in the early stages of carcinogenesis, but it also plays tumor-promoting roles in established tumors. Additionally, it plays a critical role in cancer radiotherapy. TGF-β expression or activation increases in irradiated tissues, and studies have shown that TGF-β plays dual roles in cancer radiosensitivity and is involved in ionizing radiation-induced fibrosis in different tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Furthermore, TGF-β promotes radioresistance by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppresses the immune system and facilitates cancer resistance. In particular, the links between TGF-β and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) axis play a critical role in cancer therapeutic resistance. Growing evidence has shown that TGF-β acts as a radiation protection agent, leading to heightened interest in using TGF-β as a therapeutic target. The future of anti-TGF-β signaling therapy for numerous diseases appears bright, and the outlook for the use of TGF-β inhibitors in cancer radiotherapy as TME-targeting agents is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Limin Lun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China.
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12
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Calinescu AA, Kauss MC, Sultan Z, Al-Holou WN, O'Shea SK. Stem cells for the treatment of glioblastoma: a 20-year perspective. CNS Oncol 2021; 10:CNS73. [PMID: 34006134 PMCID: PMC8162173 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the deadliest form of primary brain tumor, remains a disease without cure. Treatment resistance is in large part attributed to limitations in the delivery and distribution of therapeutic agents. Over the last 20 years, numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of stem cells as antiglioma agents, leading to the development of trials to test these therapies in the clinic. In this review we present and analyze these studies, discuss mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect and highlight experimental progress, limitations and the emergence of promising new therapeutic avenues. We hope to increase awareness of the advantages brought by stem cells for the treatment of glioblastoma and inspire further studies that will lead to accelerated implementation of effective therapies. Glioblastoma is the deadliest and most common form of brain tumor, for which there is no cure. It is very difficult to deliver medicine to the tumor cells, because they spread out widely into the normal brain, and local blood vessels represent a barrier that most medicines cannot cross. It was shown, in many studies over the last 20 years, that stem cells are attracted toward the tumor and that they can deliver many kinds of therapeutic agents directly to brain cancer cells and shrink the tumor. In this review we analyze these studies and present new discoveries that can be used to make stem cell therapies for glioblastoma more effective to prolong the life of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - McKenzie C Kauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Literature Science & Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zain Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sue K O'Shea
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Landmesser U, Poller W, Tsimikas S, Most P, Paneni F, Lüscher TF. From traditional pharmacological towards nucleic acid-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3884-3899. [PMID: 32350510 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are currently developed at large scale for prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), since: (i) genetic studies have highlighted novel therapeutic targets suggested to be causal for CVD; (ii) there is a substantial recent progress in delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies; (iii) they enable effective modulation of therapeutic targets that cannot be sufficiently or optimally addressed using traditional small molecule drugs or antibodies. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics include (i) RNA-targeted therapeutics for gene silencing; (ii) microRNA-modulating and epigenetic therapies; (iii) gene therapies; and (iv) genome-editing approaches (e.g. CRISPR-Cas-based): (i) RNA-targeted therapeutics: several large-scale clinical development programmes, using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or short interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics for prevention and management of CVD have been initiated. These include ASO and/or siRNA molecules to lower apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)], proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apoCIII, ANGPTL3, or transthyretin (TTR) for prevention and treatment of patients with atherosclerotic CVD or TTR amyloidosis. (ii) MicroRNA-modulating and epigenetic therapies: novel potential therapeutic targets are continually arising from human non-coding genome and epigenetic research. First microRNA-based therapeutics or therapies targeting epigenetic regulatory pathways are in clinical studies. (iii) Gene therapies: EMA/FDA have approved gene therapies for non-cardiac monogenic diseases and LDL receptor gene therapy is currently being examined in patients with homozygous hypercholesterolaemia. In experimental studies, gene therapy has significantly improved cardiac function in heart failure animal models. (iv) Genome editing approaches: these technologies, such as using CRISPR-Cas, have proven powerful in stem cells, however, important challenges are remaining, e.g. low rates of homology-directed repair in somatic cells such as cardiomyocytes. In summary, RNA-targeted therapies (e.g. apo(a)-ASO and PCSK9-siRNA) are now in large-scale clinical outcome trials and will most likely become a novel effective and safe therapeutic option for CVD in the near future. MicroRNA-modulating, epigenetic, and gene therapies are tested in early clinical studies for CVD. CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing is highly effective in stem cells, but major challenges are remaining in somatic cells, however, this field is rapidly advancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, CC11 (Cardiovascular Medicine), Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, CC11 (Cardiovascular Medicine), Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BSB 1080, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, MOU2, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Research, Education and Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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14
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Guo X, Wang T, Huang G, Li R, Da Costa C, Li H, Lv S, Li N. Rediscovering potential molecular targets for glioma therapy through the analysis of the cell of origin, microenvironment, and metabolism. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:558-574. [PMID: 33949933 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210504091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumors. Despite significant medical advances, gliomas remain incurable and are associated with high mortality. Although numerous biomarkers of diagnostic value have been identified and significant progress in the prognosis of the outcome has been made, the treatment has not been parallelly improved during the last three decades. This review summarizes and discusses three aspects of recent discoveries related to glioma, with the objective to highlight the advantages of glioma-specific drugs targeting the cell of origin, microenvironment, and metabolism. Given the heterogeneous nature of gliomas, various cell populations have been implicated as likely sources of the tumor. Depending on the mutation(s) acquired by the cells, it is believed that neuronal stem/progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, mature neurons, and glial cells can initiate cell transformation into a malignant phenotype. The level of tumorigenicity appears to be inversely correlated with the maturation of a given cell population. The microenvironment of gliomas includes non-cancer cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and cells of blood vessels, as well as secreted molecules and the extracellular matrix, and all these components play a vital role during tumor initiation and progression. We will discuss in detail how the tumor microenvironment can stimulate and drive the transformation of non-tumor cell populations into tumor-supporting cells or glioma cells. Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of gliomas and is thought to reflect the adaptation to the increased nutritional requirements of tumor cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Mutations in the IDH gene can shape metabolic reprogramming and may generate some vulnerabilities in glioma cells, such as abnormal lipid metabolism and sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). We will analyze the prominent metabolic features of malignant gliomas and the key pathways regulating glioma metabolism. This review is intended to provide a conceptual background for the development of glioma therapies based on the properties of tumor cell populations, microenvironment, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Guo
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Guohao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City 400037. China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Clive Da Costa
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT. United Kingdom
| | - Huafu Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City 400037. China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
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15
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Xiong H, Veedu RN, Diermeier SD. Recent Advances in Oligonucleotide Therapeutics in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3295. [PMID: 33804856 PMCID: PMC8036554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have achieved increased survival rates for many types of cancer over the past decades. However, cancer recurrence and/or metastasis to distant organs remain major challenges, resulting in a large, unmet clinical need. Oligonucleotide therapeutics, which include antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, and aptamers, show promising clinical outcomes for disease indications such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, familial amyloid neuropathies, and macular degeneration. While no approved oligonucleotide drug currently exists for any type of cancer, results obtained in preclinical studies and clinical trials are encouraging. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of oligonucleotide therapeutics in oncology, review current clinical trials, and discuss associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Rakesh N. Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia;
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah D. Diermeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
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16
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Benmelouka AY, Munir M, Sayed A, Attia MS, Ali MM, Negida A, Alghamdi BS, Kamal MA, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM, Meshref M, Bahbah EI. Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Glioblastoma Management: Current Evidence and Clinical Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2258. [PMID: 33668356 PMCID: PMC7956497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, which account for nearly a quarter of all primary CNS tumors, present significant contemporary therapeutic challenges, particularly the highest-grade variant (glioblastoma multiforme), which has an especially poor prognosis. These difficulties are due to the tumor's aggressiveness and the adverse effects of radio/chemotherapy on the brain. Stem cell therapy is an exciting area of research being explored for several medical issues. Neural stem cells, normally present in the subventricular zone and the hippocampus, preferentially migrate to tumor masses. Thus, they have two main advantages: They can minimize the side effects associated with systemic radio/chemotherapy while simultaneously maximizing drug delivery to the tumor site. Another feature of stem cell therapy is the variety of treatment approaches it allows. Stem cells can be genetically engineered into expressing a wide variety of immunomodulatory substances that can inhibit tumor growth. They can also be used as delivery vehicles for oncolytic viral vectors, which can then be used to combat the tumorous mass. An alternative approach would be to combine stem cells with prodrugs, which can subsequently convert them into the active form upon migration to the tumor mass. As with any therapeutic modality still in its infancy, much of the research regarding their use is primarily based upon knowledge gained from animal studies, and a number of ongoing clinical trials are currently investigating their effectiveness in humans. The aim of this review is to highlight the current state of stem cell therapy in the treatment of gliomas, exploring the different mechanistic approaches, clinical applicability, and the existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak Munir
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamad M. Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34511, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (E.I.B.)
| | - Ahmed Negida
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 32310, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eshak I. Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34511, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (E.I.B.)
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Nikam RR, Harikrishna S, Gore KR. Synthesis, Structural, and Conformational Analysis of 4′‐
C
‐Alkyl‐2′‐
O
‐Ethyl‐Uridine Modified Nucleosides. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul R. Nikam
- Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Mumbai 400098 India
| | - S. Harikrishna
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37232 United States
| | - Kiran R. Gore
- Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Mumbai 400098 India
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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18
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Expanding the Scope of the Cleavable N-(methoxy)oxazolidine Linker for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020490. [PMID: 33477693 PMCID: PMC7838870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides modified by a 2′-deoxy-2′-(N-methoxyamino) ribonucleotide react readily with aldehydes in slightly acidic conditions to yield the corresponding N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linked oligonucleotide-conjugates. The reaction is reversible and dynamic in slightly acidic conditions, while the products are virtually stable above pH 7, where the reaction is in a ‘‘switched off-state’’. Small molecular examinations have demonstrated that aldehyde constituents affect the cleavage rate of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage. This can be utilized to adjust the stability of this pH-responsive cleavable linker for drug delivery applications. In the present study, Fmoc-β-Ala-H was immobilized to a serine-modified ChemMatrix resin and used for the automated assembly of two peptidealdehydes and one aldehyde-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In addition, a triantennary N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-cluster with a β-Ala-H unit has been synthesized. These aldehydes were conjugated via N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage to therapeutically relevant oligonucleotide phosphorothioates and one DNA-aptamer in 19–47% isolated yields. The cleavage rates of the conjugates were studied in slightly acidic conditions. In addition to the diverse set of conjugates synthesized, these experiments and a comparison to published data demonstrate that the simple conversion of Gly-H to β-Ala-H residue resulted in a faster cleavage of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linker at pH 5, being comparable (T0.5 ca 7 h) to hydrazone-based structures.
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19
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Therapeutically Significant MicroRNAs in Primary and Metastatic Brain Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092534. [PMID: 32906592 PMCID: PMC7564168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The overall survival of brain cancer patients remains grim, with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy only providing marginal benefits to patient survival. Cancers are complex, with multiple pathways being dysregulated simultaneously. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNAs) are gaining importance due to their potential in regulating a variety of targets implicated in the pathology of cancers. This could be leveraged for the development of targeted and personalized therapies for cancers. Since miRNAs can upregulate and/or downregulate proteins, this review aims to understand the role of these miRNAs in primary and metastatic brain cancers. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of ten miRNAs that are highly dysregulated in glioblastoma and metastatic brain tumors. This will enable researchers to develop miRNA-based targeted cancer therapies and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Abstract Brain cancer is one among the rare cancers with high mortality rate that affects both children and adults. The most aggressive form of primary brain tumor is glioblastoma. Secondary brain tumors most commonly metastasize from primary cancers of lung, breast, or melanoma. The five-year survival of primary and secondary brain tumors is 34% and 2.4%, respectively. Owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, increased tumor relapse, and resistance to therapies, brain cancers have high mortality and poor survival rates compared to other cancers. Early diagnosis, effective targeted treatments, and improved prognosis have the potential to increase the survival rate of patients with primary and secondary brain malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs of approximately 18–22 nucleotides that play a significant role in the regulation of multiple genes. With growing interest in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics, it is crucial to understand the differential role of these miRNAs in the given cancer scenario. This review focuses on the differential expression of ten miRNAs (miR-145, miR-31, miR-451, miR-19a, miR-143, miR-125b, miR-328, miR-210, miR-146a, and miR-126) in glioblastoma and brain metastasis. These miRNAs are highly dysregulated in both primary and metastatic brain tumors, which necessitates a better understanding of their role in these cancers. In the context of the tumor microenvironment and the expression of different genes, these miRNAs possess both oncogenic and/or tumor-suppressive roles within the same cancer.
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20
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Giráldez-Pérez RM, Grueso E, Lhamyani S, Perez-Tejeda P, Gentile AM, Kuliszewska E, Roman-Perez J, El Bekay R. miR-21/Gemini surfactant-capped gold nanoparticles as potential therapeutic complexes: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo nanotoxicity probes. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Alarcón S, Toro MDLÁ, Villarreal C, Melo R, Fernández R, Ayuso Sacido A, Uribe D, San Martín R, Quezada C. Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1914. [PMID: 32824670 PMCID: PMC7463503 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine which has been associated with increased chemoresistance, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanisms that control extracellular adenosine levels in GSC subtypes. By using primary and U87MG-derived GSCs, we associated increased extracellular adenosine with the mesenchymal phenotype. [3H]-adenosine uptake occurred mainly through the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) in GSCs, but mesenchymal GSCs have lower expression and ENT1-mediated uptake activity than proneural GSCs. By analyzing expression and enzymatic activity, we determined that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is predominantly expressed in proneural GSCs, driving AMPase activity. While in mesenchymal GSCs, both CD73 and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) contribute to the AMP (adenosine monophosphate) hydrolysis. We did not observe significant differences between the expression of proteins involved in the metabolization of adenosine among the GCSs subtypes. In conclusion, the lower expression and activity of the ENT1 transporter in mesenchymal GSCs contributes to the high level of extracellular adenosine that these GSCs present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - María de los Ángeles Toro
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Carolina Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Fernández
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Angel Ayuso Sacido
- Brain Tumour Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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22
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Targeting Glioblastoma: Advances in Drug Delivery and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Profiling cytotoxic microRNAs in pediatric and adult glioblastoma cells by high-content screening, identification, and validation of miR-1300. Oncogene 2020; 39:5292-5306. [PMID: 32555332 PMCID: PMC7378045 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in the regulation of mRNA translation and have therapeutic potential in cancer and other diseases. To profile the landscape of microRNAs with significant cytotoxicity in the context of glioblastoma (GBM), we performed a high-throughput screen in adult and pediatric GBM cells using a synthetic oligonucleotide library representing all known human microRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis was used to refine this list and the top seven microRNAs were validated in a larger panel of GBM cells using state-of-the-art in vitro assays. The cytotoxic effect of our most relevant candidate was assessed in a preclinical model. Our screen identified ~100 significantly cytotoxic microRNAs with 70% concordance between cell lines. MicroRNA-1300 (miR-1300) was the most potent and robust candidate. We observed a striking binucleated phenotype in miR-1300 transfected cells due to cytokinesis failure followed by apoptosis. This was also observed in two stem-like patient-derived cultures. We identified the physiological role of miR-1300 as a regulator of endomitosis in megakaryocyte differentiation where blockade of cytokinesis is an essential step. In GBM cells, where miR-1300 is normally not expressed, the oncogene Epithelial Cell Transforming 2 (ECT2) was validated as a direct key target. ECT2 siRNA phenocopied the effects of miR-1300, and ECT2 overexpression led to rescue of miR-1300 induced binucleation. We showed that ectopic expression of miR-1300 led to decreased tumor growth in an orthotopic GBM model. Our screen provides a resource for the neuro-oncology community and identified miR-1300 as a novel regulator of endomitosis with translatable potential for therapeutic application.
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Xu H, Zhang B, Yang Y, Li Z, Zhao P, Wu W, Zhang H, Mao J. LncRNA MIR4435-2HG potentiates the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells via modulating miR-1224-5p/TGFBR2 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6362-6372. [PMID: 32319715 PMCID: PMC7294147 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) belongs to the high-grade (IV) gliomas with extremely poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence uncovered the key roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBM development. This study aimed to determine the biological actions and the clinical relevance of lncRNA MIR4435-2 Host Gene (MIR4435-2HG) in GBM. Data from GEPIA database showed that MIR4435-2HG was up-regulated in GBM tissues and high expression of MIR4435-2HG correlated with shorter overall survival of GBM patients. Further experimental assays verified the up-regulation of MIR4435-2HG in GBM tissues and cell lines. In vitro cell studies and in vivo animal studies showed that knockdown of MIR4435-2HG resulted in the inhibition of GBM cell proliferation and invasion and in vivo tumour growth, while MIR4435-2HG overexpression driven GBM progression. Furthermore, MIR44435-2HG was found to sponge miR-1224-5p and suppress miR-1224-5p expression; overexpression of miR-1224-5p attenuated the enhancement in GBM cell proliferation and invasion induced by MIR4435-2HG overexpression. In a subsequent study, miR-1224-5p was found to target transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) and repressed TGFBR2 expression, and in vitro assays showed that miR-1224-5p exerted tumour-suppressive effects via targeting TGFBR2. More importantly, TGFRB2 knockdown antagonized hyper-proliferation and invasion of GBM cells with MIR4435-2HG overexpression. Clinically, the down-regulation of miR-1224-5p and up-regulation of TGFBR2 were verified in the GBM clinical samples. Taken together, the present study suggests the oncogenic role of MIR4435-2HG in GBM and underlies the key function of MIR4435-2HG-driven GBM progression via targeting miR-1224-5p/TGFBR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Xu
- Clinical Medical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Beilin Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Teaching Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yinggui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncologythe Clinical Innovation& Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zihuang Li
- Clinical Medical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Pan Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Weiqing Wu
- Department of Physical ExaminationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Health managementThe First Affiliated Hospital of Southern UniversityShenzhen People's HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jie Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
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25
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Tsunehiro M, Sasaki K, Kinoshita-Kikuta E, Kinoshita E, Koike T. Phos-tag-based micropipette-tip method for analysis of phosphomonoester-type impurities in synthetic oligonucleotides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1151:122198. [PMID: 32512534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various chromatographic techniques, combined with mass spectrometry, have been developed for the analysis of impurities in oligonucleotide drugs, but those methods have generally been less focused on possible phosphomonoester-type compounds. Here, we introduce a simple method for separating terminally phosphorylated impurities from parent oligonucleotides by using a phosphate-affinity micropipette tip (Phos-tag tip). All steps for the phosphate-affinity separation (binding, washing, and elution) are conducted in aqueous buffers at neutral pH. The entire separation protocol requires less than 30 min per sample. In practical examples, we demonstrated that phosphorylated impurities in natural-type and chemically modified oligonucleotides can be efficiently separated by the Phos-tag tip method and subsequently characterized by using ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (IP-RPLC-MS). Thus, a combination of the Phos-tag tip method and IP-RPLC-MS is useful for characterizing and identifying phosphomonoester-type impurities in oligonucleotide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Tsunehiro
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Analytical Research Department, Production Technology and Supply Chain Management Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sasaki
- Analytical Research Department, Production Technology and Supply Chain Management Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Kinoshita-Kikuta
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Kinoshita
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Tohru Koike
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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26
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Lulli V, Buccarelli M, Ilari R, Castellani G, De Dominicis C, Di Giamberardino A, D′Alessandris QG, Giannetti S, Martini M, Stumpo V, Boe A, De Luca G, Biffoni M, Marziali G, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L. Mir-370-3p Impairs Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cell Malignancy Regulating a Complex Interplay between HMGA2/HIF1A and the Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103610. [PMID: 32443824 PMCID: PMC7279259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent form of a human brain tumor in adults. Several data have demonstrated the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumorigenicity of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). The regulatory functions of miRNAs in GSCs have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for glioma treatment. The current study aimed at investigating the function of miR-370-3p in glioma progression, as aberrant expression of miR-370-3p, is involved in various human cancers, including glioma. Analyzing our collection of GBM samples and patient-derived GSC lines, we found the expression of miR-370-3p significantly downregulated compared to normal brain tissues and normal neural stem cells. Restoration of miR-370-3p expression in GSCs significantly decreased proliferation, migration, and clonogenic abilities of GSCs, in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Gene expression analysis performed on miR-370-3p transduced GSCs, identified several transcripts involved in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and Hypoxia signaling pathways. Among the genes downregulated by the restored expression of miR-370-3p, we found the EMT-inducer high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), the master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia, Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1A, and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript (NEAT)1. NEAT1 acts as an oncogene in a series of human cancers including gliomas, where it is regulated by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathways, and contributes to tumor growth and invasion. Noteworthy, the expression levels of miR-370-3p and NEAT1 were inversely related in both GBM tumor specimens and GSCs, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay proved the direct binding between miR-370-3p and the lncRNAs NEAT1. Our results identify a critical role of miR-370-3p in the regulation of GBM development, indicating that miR-370-3p acts as a tumor-suppressor factor inhibiting glioma cell growth, migration and invasion by targeting the lncRNAs NEAT1, HMGA2, and HIF1A, thus, providing a potential candidate for GBM patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lulli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ramona Ilari
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Chiara De Dominicis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Di Giamberardino
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Quintino Giorgio D′Alessandris
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS; 00168 Rome, Italy; (Q.G.D.); (V.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Health Science and Public Health, Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Stumpo
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS; 00168 Rome, Italy; (Q.G.D.); (V.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Marziali
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (L.R.-V.)
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS; 00168 Rome, Italy; (Q.G.D.); (V.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (M.B.); (R.I.); (G.C.); (C.D.D.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (L.R.-V.)
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27
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Gevaert O, Nabian M, Bakr S, Everaert C, Shinde J, Manukyan A, Liefeld T, Tabor T, Xu J, Lupberger J, Haas BJ, Baumert TF, Hernaez M, Reich M, Quintana FJ, Uhlmann EJ, Krichevsky AM, Mesirov JP, Carey V, Pochet N. Imaging-AMARETTO: An Imaging Genomics Software Tool to Interrogate Multiomics Networks for Relevance to Radiography and Histopathology Imaging Biomarkers of Clinical Outcomes. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 4:421-435. [PMID: 32383980 PMCID: PMC7265792 DOI: 10.1200/cci.19.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The availability of increasing volumes of multiomics, imaging, and clinical data in complex diseases such as cancer opens opportunities for the formulation and development of computational imaging genomics methods that can link multiomics, imaging, and clinical data. METHODS Here, we present the Imaging-AMARETTO algorithms and software tools to systematically interrogate regulatory networks derived from multiomics data within and across related patient studies for their relevance to radiography and histopathology imaging features predicting clinical outcomes. RESULTS To demonstrate its utility, we applied Imaging-AMARETTO to integrate three patient studies of brain tumors, specifically, multiomics with radiography imaging data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and low-grade glioma (LGG) cohorts and transcriptomics with histopathology imaging data from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IvyGAP) GBM cohort. Our results show that Imaging-AMARETTO recapitulates known key drivers of tumor-associated microglia and macrophage mechanisms, mediated by STAT3, AHR, and CCR2, and neurodevelopmental and stemness mechanisms, mediated by OLIG2. Imaging-AMARETTO provides interpretation of their underlying molecular mechanisms in light of imaging biomarkers of clinical outcomes and uncovers novel master drivers, THBS1 and MAP2, that establish relationships across these distinct mechanisms. CONCLUSION Our network-based imaging genomics tools serve as hypothesis generators that facilitate the interrogation of known and uncovering of novel hypotheses for follow-up with experimental validation studies. We anticipate that our Imaging-AMARETTO imaging genomics tools will be useful to the community of biomedical researchers for applications to similar studies of cancer and other complex diseases with available multiomics, imaging, and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mohsen Nabian
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shaimaa Bakr
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Celine Everaert
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jayendra Shinde
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Artur Manukyan
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ted Liefeld
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Thorin Tabor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jishu Xu
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Hopitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brian J. Haas
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Hopitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Michael Reich
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Francisco J. Quintana
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erik J. Uhlmann
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jill P. Mesirov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Vincent Carey
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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28
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Uckun FM, Qazi S, Hwang L, Trieu VN. Recurrent or Refractory High-Grade Gliomas Treated by Convection-Enhanced Delivery of a TGFβ 2-Targeting RNA Therapeutic: A Post-Hoc Analysis with Long-Term Follow-Up. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121892. [PMID: 31795071 PMCID: PMC6966490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. OT101 is a first-in-class RNA therapeutic designed to abrogate the immunosuppressive actions of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2). Here, we report our post-hoc analysis of the single-agent activity of OT101 in adult patients with recurrent and/or refractory (R/R) high-grade gliomas. Methods. In a Phase 2 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00431561), OT101 was administered to 89 R/R high-grade glioma (HGG) (anaplastic astrocytoma/AA: 27; glioblastoma multiforme/GBM: 62) patients with an intratumoral catheter using a convection enhanced delivery (CED) system. Seventy-seven patients (efficacy population; GBM: 51; AA: 26) received at least the intended minimum number of four OT101 treatment cycles. Response determinations were based on central review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans according to the McDonald criteria. Standard statistical methods were applied for the analysis of data. Findings. Nineteen patients had a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) following a slow but robust size reduction of their target lesions (median time for 90% reduction of the baseline tumor volume = 11.7 months, range: 4.9-57.7 months). The mean log reduction of the tumor volume was 2.2 ± 0.4 (median = 1.4: range: 0.4-4.5) logs. In addition, seven patients had a stable disease (SD) lasting ≥6 months. For the combined group of 26 AA/GBM patients with favorable responses, the median progression-free survival (PFS) of 1109 days and overall survival (OS) of 1280 days were significantly better than the median PFS (p < 0.00001) and OS (p < 0.00001) of the non-responders among the 89 patients or the 77-patient efficacy population. Conclusion. Intratumorally administered OT101 exhibits clinically meaningful single-agent activity and induces durable CR/PR/SD in R/R HGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M. Uckun
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Oncotelic Inc., Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA; (S.Q.); (L.H.); (V.N.T.)
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Oncotelic Inc., Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA; (S.Q.); (L.H.); (V.N.T.)
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA
| | - Larn Hwang
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Oncotelic Inc., Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA; (S.Q.); (L.H.); (V.N.T.)
| | - Vuong N. Trieu
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Oncotelic Inc., Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA; (S.Q.); (L.H.); (V.N.T.)
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29
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Yousefi H, Maheronnaghsh M, Molaei F, Mashouri L, Reza Aref A, Momeny M, Alahari SK. Long noncoding RNAs and exosomal lncRNAs: classification, and mechanisms in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Oncogene 2019; 39:953-974. [PMID: 31601996 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer, and the second cause of cancer-related deaths (after lung cancer) among women. Developing tumor metastasis and invasion is the most important cause of death in breast cancer patients. Several key factors participate in breast cancer metastasis including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNAs are a category of cellular RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs have the potential to be promising diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Understanding the role of lncRNAs and their mechanisms of functions might help to further discovery of breast cancer biological characteristics. In this review, we discuss physiological functions, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs, and their important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Some lncRNAs function as oncogenes and some function as tumor suppressors. Interestingly, recent reports depict that hypomethylation of promoters of lncRNAs play a pivotal role in cancer progression, suggesting the importance of epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in exosomes and their function in drug resistance, and therapeutic importance of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology. In summary, lncRNAs have a great potential to consider them as novel prognostic biomarkers as well as new therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Maryam Maheronnaghsh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaei
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Mashouri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Watts
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Robert H. Brown
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 USA
- Department of Neurology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 USA
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