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Estaun-Panzano J, Arotcarena ML, Bezard E. Monitoring α-synuclein aggregation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105966. [PMID: 36527982 PMCID: PMC9875312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are characterized by the misfolding and subsequent aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in the cells of affected brain regions. Since the seminal report of likely-aggregated α-syn presence within the Lewy bodies by Spillantini et al. in 1997, the keyword "synuclein aggregation" has appeared in over 6000 papers (Source: PubMed October 2022). Studying, observing, describing, and quantifying α-syn aggregation is therefore of paramount importance, whether it happens in tubo, in vitro, in post-mortem samples, or in vivo. The past few years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding aggregation mechanisms and identifying various polymorphs. In this context of growing complexity, it is of utmost importance to understand what tools we possess, what exact information they provide, and in what context they may be applied. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to rationalize the relevance of the information and the limitations of these methods for gauging the final result. In this review, we present the main techniques that have shaped the current views about α-syn structure and dynamics, with particular emphasis on the recent breakthroughs that may change our understanding of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Borland H, Rasmussen I, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Rasmussen M, Olsen A, Vilhardt F. α-synuclein build-up is alleviated via ESCRT-dependent endosomal degradation brought about by p38MAPK inhibition in cells expressing p25α. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102531. [PMID: 36162505 PMCID: PMC9637583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synucleinopathy is driven by an imbalance of synthesis and degradation of α-synuclein (αSyn), causing a build up of αSyn aggregates and post-translationally modified species, which not only interfere with normal cellular metabolism but also by their secretion propagates the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of αSyn degradation pathways is needed to address α-synucleinopathy. Here, we used the nerve growth factor–differentiated catecholaminergic PC12 neuronal cell line, which was conferred α-synucleinopathy by inducible expression of αSyn and tubulin polymerization-promoting protein p25α. p25α aggregates αSyn, and imposes a partial autophagosome–lysosome block to mimic aspects of lysosomal deficiency common in neurodegenerative disease. Under basal conditions, αSyn was degraded by multiple pathways but most prominently by macroautophagy and Nedd4/Ndfip1-mediated degradation. We found that expression of p25α induced strong p38MAPK activity. Remarkably, when opposed by inhibitor SB203580 or p38MAPK shRNA knockdown, endolysosomal localization and degradation of αSyn increased, and αSyn secretion and cytotoxicity decreased. This effect was specifically dependent on Hsc70 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, but different from classical microautophagy, as the αSyn Hsc70 binding motif was unnecessary. Furthermore, in a primary neuronal (h)-αSyn seeding model, p38MAPK inhibition decreased pathological accumulation of phosphorylated serine-129-αSyn and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, p38MAPK inhibition shifts αSyn degradation from various forms of autophagy to an endosomal sorting complex required for transport–dependent uptake mechanism, resulting in increased αSyn turnover and cell viability in p25α-expressing cells. More generally, our results suggest that under conditions of autophagolysosomal malfunction, the uninterrupted endosomal pathway offers a possibility to achieve disease-associated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Borland
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark; Dept. of Cell Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Izabela Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | | | - Michel Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | - Anders Olsen
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience, The Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
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Tomas-Grau R, González-Lizárraga F, Ploper D, Avila CL, Socías SB, Besnault P, Tourville A, Mella RM, Villacé P, Salado C, Rose C, Seon-Méniel B, Brunel JM, Ferrié L, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP, Figadère B, Chehín R. Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Demeclocycline Derivative Lacking Antibiotic Activity: From a Hit to a Promising Lead Compound. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172759. [PMID: 36078167 PMCID: PMC9454755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic tetracycline demeclocycline (DMC) was recently reported to rescue α-synuclein (α-Syn) fibril-induced pathology. However, the antimicrobial activity of DMC precludes its potential use in long-term neuroprotective treatments. Here, we synthesized a doubly reduced DMC (DDMC) derivative with residual antibiotic activity and improved neuroprotective effects. The molecule was obtained by removal the dimethylamino substituent at position 4 and the reduction of the hydroxyl group at position 12a on ring A of DMC. The modifications strongly diminished its antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, this compound preserved the low toxicity of DMC in dopaminergic cell lines while improving its ability to interfere with α-Syn amyloid-like aggregation, showing the highest effectiveness of all tetracyclines tested. Likewise, DDMC demonstrated the ability to reduce seeding induced by the exogenous addition of α-Syn preformed fibrils (α-SynPFF) in biophysical assays and in a SH-SY5Y-α-Syn-tRFP cell model. In addition, DDMC rendered α-SynPFF less inflammogenic. Our results suggest that DDMC may be a promising drug candidate for hit-to-lead development and preclinical studies in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tomas-Grau
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Florencia González-Lizárraga
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Diego Ploper
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - César L. Avila
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Sergio B. Socías
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Pierre Besnault
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Tourville
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rosa M. Mella
- Innoprot SL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Patricia Villacé
- Innoprot SL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Clarisa Salado
- Innoprot SL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Clémence Rose
- BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Brunel
- UMR_MD1 “Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques”, U1261 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Ferrié
- BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick P. Michel
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosana Chehín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.C.)
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Haikal C, Ortigosa-Pascual L, Najarzadeh Z, Bernfur K, Svanbergsson A, Otzen DE, Linse S, Li JY. The Bacterial Amyloids Phenol Soluble Modulins from Staphylococcus aureus Catalyze Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11594. [PMID: 34769023 PMCID: PMC8584152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) is the main constituent of Lewy bodies, which are a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Environmental factors are thought to be potential triggers capable of initiating the aggregation of the otherwise monomeric α-syn. Braak's seminal work redirected attention to the intestine and recent reports of dysbiosis have highlighted the potential causative role of the microbiome in the initiation of pathology of PD. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium carried by 30-70% of the general population. It has been shown to produce functional amyloids, called phenol soluble modulins (PSMαs). Here, we studied the kinetics of α-syn aggregation under quiescent conditions in the presence or absence of four different PSMα peptides and observed a remarkable shortening of the lag phase in their presence. Whereas pure α-syn monomer did not aggregate up to 450 h after initiation of the experiment in neither neutral nor mildly acidic buffer, the addition of different PSMα peptides resulted in an almost immediate increase in the Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. Despite similar peptide sequences, the different PSMα peptides displayed distinct effects on the kinetics of α-syn aggregation. Kinetic analyses of the data suggest that all four peptides catalyze α-syn aggregation through heterogeneous primary nucleation. The immunogold electron microscopic analyses showed that the aggregates were fibrillar and composed of α-syn. In addition of the co-aggregated materials to a cell model expressing the A53T α-syn variant fused to GFP was found to catalyze α-syn aggregation and phosphorylation in the cells. Our results provide evidence of a potential trigger of synucleinopathies and could have implications for the prevention of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Haikal
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (C.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Lei Ortigosa-Pascual
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (L.O.-P.); (K.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Zahra Najarzadeh
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (Z.N.); (D.E.O.)
| | - Katja Bernfur
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (L.O.-P.); (K.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (C.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (Z.N.); (D.E.O.)
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (L.O.-P.); (K.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (C.H.); (A.S.)
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
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