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Yin L, Yu T, Cheng L, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Du L, He W. Laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow monitoring in predicting outcomes after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:80. [PMID: 36575381 PMCID: PMC9795726 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of ischemic cerebral stroke (ICS), most conventional treatments, including carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting, may cause cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). For treated ICS patients, changes in cerebral blood flow are directly related to brain function. At present, computed tomography perfusion, dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion weighted imaging and magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging are used to monitor cerebral blood flow, but they still have some limitations. Our study aimed to monitor the changes in cerebral cortical blood flow by laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) in CIRI model mice and to propose a new method for predicting outcomes after CIRI. C57BL/6 N mice were used to establish a mouse CIRI model based on a modified thread-occlusion method and divided into a good outcome group and a poor outcome group according to survival within 7 days. The cerebral cortical blood flow of the area supplied by the left middle cerebral artery was monitored by LSCI at baseline (before modeling), 1 h after ischemia, immediately after reperfusion and 24 h after reperfusion. Then, the brains of the mice were removed immediately and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the pathological changes in brain neurons. RESULTS The cerebral cortical blood flow in the poor outcome group was obviously reduced compared with that less in the good outcome group at 24 h after reperfusion (180.8 ± 20.9 vs. 113.9 ± 6.4, p = 0.001), and at 24 h after reperfusion, the cerebral cortical blood flow was negatively correlated with the severity of brain tissue injury (p = - 0.710, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS LSCI can monitor the changes in cerebral cortical blood flow during CIRI in mice and could be used as a feasible method for predicting outcomes after CIRI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Tengfei Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Linggang Cheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Lijuan Du
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Wen He
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
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Verhoeven R, Uram M, Schupp A, Rasmussen S, Widmann M, Novack GD. Early Nonclinical and Clinical Development of AG-920, a Repurposed Topical Ocular Anesthetic. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:481-488. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Uram
- American Genomics, LLC, Little Silver, New Jersey, USA
| | - Audrey Schupp
- CMC Turnkey Solutions, Inc., Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Gary D. Novack
- PharmaLogic Development, Inc., San Rafael, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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The prominence of the dosage form design to treat ocular diseases. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119577. [PMID: 32622806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The eye is susceptible to various diseases commonly difficult to treat. To overcome the barriers imposed by this organ for required drugs penetration, technological strategies have been implemented to ocular formulations. Among them are the use of temperature or electric stimuli and the development of nanoparticles. The objective of this review is to present the main barriers to ocular drug delivery and to discuss strategies used in the development of ocular dosage forms, primarily for topical delivery, to increase the local bioavailability of drugs, target their delivery and increase patient compliance. Results obtained in the last years related to the topical administration of liposomes, dendrimers, iontophoresis, among other nanoparticulate systems focused on ophthalmic delivery, will be addressed. Finally, some clinical trials and marketed formulations that use nanotechnology to topically treat eye diseases will be presented.
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Chandra S, Sugiarto A, Hotasi R, Chrysantia Melati A, Harmani B. The Effectiveness of 2% Lidocaine Gel Compared to 0.5% Tetracaine Eye Drop As Topical Anesthetic Agent for Phacoemulsification Surgery. Anesth Pain Med 2018; 8:e68383. [PMID: 30214881 PMCID: PMC6119219 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.68383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topical anesthetics have become the primary choice in phacoemulsification procedures for cataract extraction. The most common topical anesthetic drug used is 0.5% tetracaine eye drops. Repeated administration of 0.5% tetracaine drops can cause corneal epithelial damage. Two percent lidocaine gel is latest option which has longer contact time with corneal epithelium. Objectives To compare the effectiveness of 2% lidocaine gel with 0.5% tetracaine drops in phacoemulsification surgery. Methods The study was a single blinded randomized clinical trial from March to July 2017 in patients underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery. There were 72 subjects with age ≥ 40 years old who received randomization and divided into 2 groups: 2% lidocaine gel group and 0.5% tetracaine eye drop group. Topical anesthetics were applied 5 minutes before surgery. Five minutes after surgery, pain scale perceived during surgery was assessed by using a numerical rating scale. At the end of surgery, the subject filled the satisfaction questionnaire on topical anesthetic drugs administered. The ophthalmologists were also given a satisfactory questionnaire for topical anesthetic drugs selected for the procedure. Results The median pain scale for 2% lidocaine gel group pain scale was 1; meanwhile, the median pain scale for 0.5% tetracaine eye drops was 3 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Two percent lidocaine gel was more effective in relieving pain during phacoemulsification cataract surgery compared with 0.5% tetracaine drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susilo Chandra
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Susilo Chandra, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro, Jakarta, Indonesia. Tel: +62-213143736, E-mail:
| | - Adhrie Sugiarto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robert Hotasi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Bondan Harmani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Li Q, Magers T, King B, Engel BJ, Bakhtiar R, Green C, Shoup R. Measurement of lidocaine and 2,6-dimethylaniline in minipig plasma, skin, and dermal tapes using UHPLC with electrospray MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1087-1088:158-172. [PMID: 29747144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive LC-MS/MS methods were developed to measure lidocaine and its metabolite 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-DMA) with application to transdermal studies. The methods for lidocaine in minipig plasma, tissue biopsies, and dermal tapes utilized mixed mode/SCX solid phase extraction, with lower quantitation limits of 25 pg/mL in plasma, 15 ng/g tissue, and 5 ng/tape. 2,6-DMA was measured in plasma and skin tissue homogenates by ultrafiltration and (for tissue) by further derivatization with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride to form the corresponding benzamide derivative, which extended the lower limit of quantitation to 200 pg/mL. The methods allowed local measurement of lidocaine in stratum corneum, punch biopsies, and plasma and of 2,6-DMA in plasma and biopsies obtained from minipigs dosed with experimental transdermal formulations. Quantitation limits were approximately 7-fold lower than previously reported for lidocaine and 3-fold lower for 2,6-DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- AIT Bioscience, LLC, 7840 Innovation Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278, USA
| | - Tobias Magers
- AIT Bioscience, LLC, 7840 Innovation Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278, USA
| | - Brad King
- AIT Bioscience, LLC, 7840 Innovation Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278, USA
| | - Brian J Engel
- AIT Bioscience, LLC, 7840 Innovation Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278, USA
| | - Ray Bakhtiar
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Charisse Green
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Ronald Shoup
- AIT Bioscience, LLC, 7840 Innovation Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278, USA.
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Ocular bioanalysis: challenges and advancements in recent years for these rare matrices. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1997-2014. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many ocular diseases still presenting unmet medical needs. Therefore, new ophthalmologic drugs are being developed. Bioanalysis of eye compartments (along with plasma and other tissues) is important to determine exposure of the target organ to the drug and to help interpret local pharmacological or toxic effects. This review article identifies several challenges that occur within ocular bioanalysis. They include sample collection and preparation, analytical issues, sourcing control matrix, data interpretation and regulatory requirements. It summarizes how these challenges have been recently addressed, how research has advanced and which questions remain unanswered. Recommendations are made based on the literature and our practical experience within ocular bioanalysis and future perspectives are discussed.
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Zhu L, Ao J, Li P. A novel in situ gel base of deacetylase gellan gum for sustained ophthalmic drug delivery of ketotifen: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3943-9. [PMID: 26251573 PMCID: PMC4524385 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s87368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an ion-activated ketotifen ophthalmic delivery system was developed by using a natural polysaccharide, deacetylase gellan gum. Its rheological characteristics, stability, in vitro gelation, release in vitro, and pharmacodynamic activity in vivo were investigated. The formulation had an optimum viscosity that will allow easy drop as a liquid, which then underwent a rapid sol–gel transition due to ionic interaction. There were negligible alterations in the initial values of viscosity of the formulations over a storage period of 180 days. The in vitro release profiles indicated that the release of ketotifen from in situ gels exhibited a sustained feature. Scintigraphic studies indicated that deacetylase gellan gum could increase the residence time of the formulation. At the same dose, in situ gels demonstrated a typical sustained and prolonged drug-effects behavior compared with the common drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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