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Liu S, Dong X, Lei B, Zhang W, Wang X, Yuan W, Zhao K. A novel subunit vaccine based on Fiber1/2 knob domain provides full protection against fowl adenovirus serotype 4 and induces stronger immune responses than a Fiber2 subunit vaccine. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103888. [PMID: 38851180 PMCID: PMC11208943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) have resulted in huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2015. However, commercially available vaccines against the FAdV-4 infection remain scarce. In our study, subunit vaccine candidates derived from the bacterially expressed recombinant Fiber1 knob domain and Fiber2 knob domain fusion protein (termed as Fiber1/2 knob subunit vaccine) and Fiber2 protein (termed as Fiber2 subunit vaccine) of the FAdV-4 SDSX strain were developed. Immunogenicity evaluation showed that the Fiber1/2 knob subunit vaccine induced the production of antibodies at 7 d postvaccination (dpv), earlier than the Fiber2 subunit vaccine. Moreover, the neutralizing antibody level of the Fiber1/2 subunit vaccine group was higher than the Fiber2 subunit vaccine group, showing significant differences at 14, 21, and 28 dpv. Immune protection test results revealed that both Fiber1/2 knob subunit and Fiber2 subunit vaccines could protect chickens from death against FAdV-4 challenge, although the weight of chickens in the Fiber1/2 knob subunit vaccine group decreased less. Furthermore, analysis of plasma Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and blood glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) levels suggested that the Fiber1/2 subunit vaccine can significantly inhibit liver damage caused by FAdV-4 infection and is more effective in blocking the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 in target organs. In addition, the Fiber1/2 knob subunit vaccine further reduced the viral load in different tissues and virus shedding in chickens than the Fiber2 subunit vaccine. Overall, the Fiber1/2 knob subunit vaccine was more effective than the Fiber2 subunit vaccine. These findings lay the foundation for the development of more effective FAdV-4 subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Gao S, Li R, Zhang X, Wang Z. Identification of ORF1B as a unique nonstructural protein for fowl adenovirus serotype 4. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106508. [PMID: 38141742 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), is a double-stranded DNA virus. Although many structural proteins have been deeply studied, the coding potential of some other open reading frames (ORFs) and the biological functions of their products during virus infection have not been fully elucidated. Here, a unique nonstructural protein ORF1B of FAdV-4 was identified and its expression kinetics along infection was analyzed. Except that of FAdV-10, a member of the same genus as FAdV-4, FAdV-4 ORF1B shared as low homologous identity as 29.2% in amino acid sequence with the other ten counterparts. Structurally, ORF1B was mapped on the N-terminal region of the genome between 1485 nt to 1808 nt and predicted to only contain two α-helix. Confocal immunofluorescence assay with homemade rabbit polyclonal antibody demonstrated that ORF1B could be simultaneously observed with structural protein Fiber 1 in FAdV-4-infected cells. Western blot further showed that ORF1B could only be detected in the infected cells but not mature virions, suggesting ORF1B was a nonstructural protein. Subsequently, the expression level of ORF1B detected by qRT-PCR and IFA was gradually decreased along with FAdV-4 infection, suggesting ORF1B was an early gene transcript. These results will lay a solid foundation to further study the biological effect of ORF1B on the replication and pathogenicity of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ruixue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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Wang T, Meng F, Chen C, Shen Y, Li P, Xu J, Feng Z, Qu X, Wang F, Li B, Liu M. Pathogenicity and epidemiological survey of fowl adenovirus in Shandong Province from 2021 to 2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1166078. [PMID: 37234528 PMCID: PMC10206033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1166078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the poultry industry had been markedly affected by adenoviral diseases such as hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus (FAdV), which have become increasingly prevalent in China. Shandong Province, China, is an important area for poultry breeding where various complex and diverse FAdV serotypes were isolated. However, the dominant strains and their pathogenic characteristics are not yet reported. Therefore, a pathogenicity and epidemiological survey of FAdV was conducted, showing that the local dominant serotypes of FAdV epidemics were FAdV-2, FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11. Their mortality rates in the 17-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks ranged from 10 to 80%; clinical signs included mental depression, diarrhea, and wasting. The maximum duration of viral shedding was 14 days. The highest incidence in all infected groups was on days 5-9, and then gradual regression occurred thereafter. The most pronounced symptoms occurred in chicks infected with FAdV-4, including pericardial effusion and inclusion body hepatitis lesions. Our results add to the current epidemiological data on FAdV in poultry flocks in Shandong and elucidate the pathogenicity of dominant serotypes. This information may be important for FAdV vaccine development and comprehensive epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Changxiu Chen
- Veterinary Clinical Laboratory, College of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yesheng Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Peixun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhaoyang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiuchao Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fuyong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Baoquan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Division of Zoonoses Surveillance, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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Fathi Hafshejani E, Gholami-Ahangaran M, Sami M. The detection of fowl adenovirus in chickens with hydropericardium syndrome in Isfahan and Charmahal-Va-Bakhtiyari provinces, Iran. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH - BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/jbr.2023.10353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ascite and hydropericardium is most common in Isfahan and Chcharmahal-va-Bakhtiyari, Iran. For this, the study was achieved for investigation of AV role in induction of Ascite or hydropericardium in these regions. In this study, 20 broiler flocks suspected to Ascite and hydrpericardium were sampled from hydropericardium fluid. Then, DNA was extracted and amplified by specific primers. The amplified fragment for detection of AV was 896 bp. The results showed that 10 from 20 flocks, and 47 from 200 samples were positive to AV. The results revealed, the most of infected flocks were higher than 30 days old. In this study, the correlation between infectivity to AV and growing system were not significant. The infectivity rate in Isfahan and Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiyari was not significant. Therefore, in addition to high altitude, AV infection can play a role in increasing the prevalence of hydropericardium syndrom in these areas.
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Tufail S, Shah MA, Asif TA, Ullah R, Shehzad A, Ismat F, Shah MS, Habib M, Calisto BM, Mirza O, Iqbal M, Rahman M. Highly soluble and stable ‘insertion domain’ of the capsid penton base protein provides complete protection against infections caused by fowl adenoviruses. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y, Pan Q. Advances in Vaccine Development of the Emerging Novel Genotype Fowl Adenovirus 4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916290. [PMID: 35669788 PMCID: PMC9163660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was first reported in Angara Goth, Pakistan, in 1987. For this reason, it is also known as “Angara disease.” It was later reported in China, Japan, South Korea, India, the United States, Canada, and other countries and regions, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Notably, since June 2015, a natural outbreak of severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), associated with a hypervirulent novel genotype FAdV-4 infection, has emerged in most provinces of China. The novel virus FAdV-4 spread rapidly and induced a 30-100% mortality rate, causing huge economic losses and threatening the green and healthy poultry breeding industry. Vaccines against FAdV-4, especially the emerging novel genotype, play a critical role and will be the most efficient tool for preventing and controlling HHS. Various types of FAdV-4 vaccines have been developed and evaluated, such as inactivated, live-attenuated, subunit, and combined vaccines. They have made great contributions to the control of HHS, but the details of cross-protection within FAdVs and the immunogenicity of different vaccines require further investigation. This review highlights the recent advances in developing the FAdV-4 vaccine and promising new vaccines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
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Mei C, Xian H, Blackall PJ, Hu W, Zhang X, Wang H. Concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus in layer chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6525-6532. [PMID: 33248567 PMCID: PMC7704954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza–like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is reported. The primary signs of the infection were acute respiratory signs, a drop in egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium–hepatitis syndrome–like gross lesions. Laboratory examination confirmed the presence of A. paragallinarum by bacterial isolation and a species-specific PCR test. In addition, conventional serotyping identified the isolates as Page serovar A. Fowl adenovirus was isolated from chicken liver specimen and identified by hexon gene amplification. In addition, histopathologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy examination further confirmed the presence of the virus. Both hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis defined the viral isolate as FAdV-4. The pathogenic role of A. paragallinarum and FAdV was evaluated by experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The challenge trial showed that combined A. paragallinarum and FAdV infection resulted in more severe clinical signs than that by FAdV infection alone. The concurrent infection caused 50% mortality compared with 40% mortality by FAdV infection alone and zero mortality by A. paragallinarum infection alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. paragallinarum coinfection with FAdV. The case implies that concurrent infections with these 2 agents do occur and more attention should be given to the potential of multiple agents during disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - P J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Wei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China.
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Identification, Pathogenicity of Novel Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 SDJN0105 in Shandong, China and Immunoprotective Evaluation of the Newly Developed Inactivated Oil-emulsion FAdV-4 Vaccine. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070627. [PMID: 31288442 PMCID: PMC6669483 DOI: 10.3390/v11070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since mid-2015, numerous outbreaks of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS), which is caused by a novel fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have been reported in chickens in parts of China, thereby causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Thus, an effective vaccine to control the further spread of infections with this hyper-virulent FAdV-4 is imperative. In this study, we isolated a novel FAdV-4 strain SDJN0105 from a broiler farm with HHS disease in Shandong Province. Pathogenicity was evaluated by the observation of clinical symptoms, necropsy changes, and pathological tissue sections after oral and intramuscular (IM) infection of Specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The chickens infected by IM injection all died within three days, and chickens infected via the oculonasal route died within five days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination revealed that the pathology was confined to heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and particularly the liver. Irrespective of the inoculation route, the highest viral DNA copy numbers were detected in the livers of infected chickens. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFNs, TNF-α, Mx, and OASL were significantly upregulated during the viral infection. In addition, an inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine was developed. The vaccine could provide full protection for SPF chickens against a lethal dose of the FAdV-4 strain SDJN0105 and a high level of antibodies. These results improve our understanding of the innate immune responses in chickens infected with FAdV-4 and the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 caused by host factors, and the developed FAdV-4 vaccine is promising as a drug candidate for the prevention and reduction of the spread of HHS in poultry in China.
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Feng L, Chen L, Yun J, Bi Z, Tang Y, Wu P, Hou J. Immortalization of chicken embryonic liver-derived cell line by stable expression of hMRP18S-2 for serotype 4 fowl adenovirus propagation. Biologicals 2018; 54:50-57. [PMID: 29752158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome caused by serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) have emerged in China since 2013. FAdV is usually propagated in primary chicken embryonic liver cells or embryo yolk sac. The aim of this work was to develop an immortalized CEL cell line by stable expression of human mitochondrial ribosomal protein 18S-2, named CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells, for the propagation of FAdV-4. The maximum cell density of CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells could reach 2.65 × 106 cells/ml in four-days culture. According to the mRNA levels of cell-cycle related genes in CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells tested by qRT-PCR, we speculated that the transformation of hMRP18S-2 into CEL cells caused the functional inactivation of p53 and the significant down-regulation of p15INK4b might cause the hyperphosphorylated form of Rb, releasing E2F-1 factor and enhancing the E2F-dependent transcription for cell cycle progression. It was suspected that the up-regulated c-Myc mRNA level at the initial period of immortalization might prompt transformed cells through the G0-G1 checkpoint. The normal CPE was observed in CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells infected by FAdV-4 and microcarrier suspension culture performed for FAdV-4 propagation with 9.0 lgTCID50/ml suggested that CEL-hMRP18S-2 cells could be a useful continuous cell line for isolation of wild FAdV and production of FAdV-inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Yun
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Bi
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- Institute of Animal Immune Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Ruan S, Zhao J, Yin X, He Z, Zhang G. A subunit vaccine based on fiber-2 protein provides full protection against fowl adenovirus serotype 4 and induces quicker and stronger immune responses than an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:145-150. [PMID: 29614324 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As the number of hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) cases has increased in recent years in China, development of a safe and effective vaccine is now urgent. To address this problem a subunit vaccine is a good option, we here systematically investigated the minimum immune dose of a subunit vaccine against HHS based on recombinant fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) fiber-2 protein and compared the effects between this subunit vaccine and an inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine in a vaccination trial. The results revealed that the lowest dose of recombinant fiber-2 protein that could provide 100% protection against challenge with virulent FAdV-4 strain HB1501 as well as elicit protective immunity was 2.5 μg/bird. Neither clinical signs nor gross lesions were observed in chickens. In addition, immunization of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with recombinant fiber-2 protein (≥2.5 μg/bird) could induce quicker and stronger immune responses than the inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine. These findings provide important information about the development of subunit vaccines for the control of HHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yin
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Popowich S, Gupta A, Chow-Lockerbie B, Ayalew L, Ambrose N, Ojkic D, Gunawardana T, Kurukulasuriya S, Willson P, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Broad spectrum protection of broiler chickens against inclusion body hepatitis by immunizing their broiler breeder parents with a bivalent live fowl adenovirus vaccine. Res Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29539591 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Historically, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) associated inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was considered a secondary disease in broiler chickens associated with immunosuppression. However, we previously reported the occurrence of IBH as a primary disease in the broiler chicken industry in Canada as a result of infections with various FAdV serotypes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop an immunization strategy in broiler breeders using live FAdV 11-1047 and FAdV8a-TR59 to confer homologous and heterologous protection in broiler progeny against IBH and to study the efficacy of natural exposure of naïve broiler breeders to a vaccine virus from live FAdV vaccinated birds as an immunization technique. Broiler breeders vaccinated orally with FAdV8a-TR59 (1 × 104 TCID50/bird) and FAdV11-1047 (1 × 104 TCID50/bird), FAdV8a-TR59 (1 × 106 TCID50/bird) and FAdV11-1047 (1 × 106 TCID50/bird) or FAdV8b (1 × 106 TCID50/bird) transferred substantial levels of neutralizing antibodies to their progeny. The efficacy of maternal antibodies was studied by challenging 14-day old broiler chickens with 1 × 107 TCID50 of FAdV2-685, FAdV7-x11a like, FAdV8a-TR59, FAdV8b-SK or FAdV11-1047 which are the dominant serotypes causing IBH outbreaks in Canada. Broiler chickens from the low and high dose vaccinated breeders were significantly protected against all serotypes of FAdV (P < 0.05). Comingling of unvaccinated broiler breeders with FAdV-vaccinated broiler breeders was an effective immunization technique for in-contact naïve birds. This study confirms that IBH can be effectively controlled in Canada by vaccination of broiler breeder parents with a bivalent vaccine containing live FAdV8a-TR59 and FAdV11-1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Chow-Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | | | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada
| | - Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Philip Willson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Guan R, Tian Y, Han X, Yang X, Wang H. Complete genome sequence and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 involved in hydropericardium syndrome in Southwest China. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:290-298. [PMID: 29427711 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 2015, an emerging infectious disease of inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) has been occurred in China, which caused economic loss in poultry farming. In this study, we isolated four fowl adenovirus strains from flocks with an outbreak of HPS. The complete nucleotide sequence of SC-Neijiang was determined and its pathogenicity was evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis based on hexon gene revealed that all the isolates belonged to fowl adenovirus serotype 4. The full genome sequence of SC-Neijiang has a size of 43,719 bp, with 54.85% G + C content. Compared with JSJ13, 11-amino-acid deletion at the ORF29 was appeared on SC-Neijiang. In infectious experiments, 80% (16/20) birds died in intramuscular route and lesions characteristic for Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS), while 5% (1/20) birds died in nasal route. The viral DNA was further detected by real-time PCR in several chicken organs. The highest titers were recorded in all the organs at day 5 post-infection. To our knowledge, this is first report on the prevalence of fowl adenovirus in Southwest China. This research elucidated the characteristics of genome sequence and pathogenicity of Chinese FAdV-4 strain and provided theoretical support for the prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Guan
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Yiming Tian
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Inactivated and live bivalent fowl adenovirus (FAdV8b + FAdV11) breeder vaccines provide broad-spectrum protection in chicks against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Vaccine 2017; 36:744-750. [PMID: 29292175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is comprised of five species (A to E) and 12 serotypes (1-7, 8a, 8b, 9-11). Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is caused by FAdV-7, 8a, 8b (species E) and FAdV-2 and 11 (species D). Commercial vaccines against IBH are not available in Canada. Autogenous FAdV broiler breeder vaccines are now used in some areas where outbreaks of IBH are occurring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a bivalent (species D and E) live and an inactivated FAdV broiler breeder vaccine in protecting broiler chicks against IBH through maternal antibody (MtAb) transfer. FAdV seronegative broiler breeders (n = 300/group) received either a live or inactivated bivalent (FAdV-8b-SK + FAdV-11-1047) vaccine. The live vaccine (1 × 104 TCID50 of each virus/bird) was given orally once at 16 weeks of age and the inactivated vaccine (1 × 106TCID50 of each virus + 20% Emulsigen D) was given intramuscularly at 16 and 19 weeks of age. Controls (n = 150) were given saline orally. The inactivated vaccine group was boosted 3 weeks later with the same vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in sera (n = 10) were detected at 19, 22, 30 and 48 weeks of age. NAb were able to neutralize various FAdV serotypes within species D and E. Mean NAb were similar in the both live and killed vaccine groups at 19, 30 and 48 weeks and ranged from 2.4 to 3.7 log10. Approximately 26 ± 7% of MtAbs were passively transferred through eggs to day-old chicks. Progeny challenged with a lethal dose (1 × 107 TCID50/bird intramuscularly) of FAdV-8b-SK, FAdV-11-1047, or FAdV-2-685 (n = 90/group) at 14 days post-hatch (dph) showed 98-100% protection in broiler chicks to homologous or heterologous FAdV challenges. Our data suggests that a bivalent live and an inactivated FAdV vaccine are equally effective and have the potential for the control of IBH.
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Isolation and molecular characterization of prevalent Fowl adenovirus strains in southwestern China during 2015-2016 for the development of a control strategy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e103. [PMID: 29184155 PMCID: PMC5717092 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China in recent years. However, the current understanding of the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of the FAdV epidemic in southwestern China remains poorly understood. In this study, a total of 22 strains were isolated from liver samples of diseased chickens from farms in southwestern China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that the 22 isolates were clustered into four distinct serotypes: FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4) (86.4%, 19/22), FAdV-2 (4.5%, 1/22), FAdV-8a (4.5%, 1/22), and FAdV-8b (4.5%, 1/22). FAdV-4 was the predominant serotype in southwestern China. Pathogenicity testing showed that the FAdV-4 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1602 and FAdV-8a strain CH/CQBS/1504 were pathogenic to chickens, with mortality rates reaching as high as 80% and 20%, respectively. The primary clinical feature observed following infection with strain CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, and that of strain CH/CQBS/1504 (FAdV-8a) was inclusion body hepatitis. Conversely, the FAdV-2 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1511 and FAdV-8b serotype strain CH/CQBS/1512 was not observed to be pathogenic in chickens. Then, CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was selected for the preparation of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. Immune studies on Partridge Shank broilers showed that a single dose immunization at 17 days of age could not only protect against homologous challenge with virulent FAdV-4 but also provided protection against clinical disease following challenge with the heterologous FAdV-8b virulent strain until 70 days of age. The characterization of newly prevalent FAdV strains provides a valuable reference for the development of an efficacious control strategy.
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