Potential role of human papillomavirus proteins associated with the development of cancer

High frequency of alpha7-HPV in Colombian Caribbean coast women: cervical cancer screening analysis

BACKGROUND

Cervical cancer (CC) is a significant global public health concern, particularly in developing countries such as Colombia. The main risk factor involves high-risk HPV types (HR-HPV) infection, coupled with population-specific variables. The Caribbean region in Colombia lacks research on HR-HPV-type frequencies. Therefore, this study aims to establish the prevalence of type-specific HR-HPV and its association with sociodemographic factors among women undergoing cervical cytology screening.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study involving voluntary women who provided informed consent and completed a questionnaire capturing sociodemographic, clinical, and sexual behavior information was conducted. All participants underwent cervical cytology and molecular analysis. Generic HPV detection employed three simultaneous PCRs (GP5+/6+, MY09/11, and PU1R/2 M), and positive samples were genotyped using the Optiplex HPV Genotyping kit. The analysis encompassed the 12 types of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV-16,-18,-31,-33,-35,-39,-45,-51,-52,-56,-58, and - 59). Frequencies were reported based on geographic subregions within the Córdoba department, and disparities were made between single and multiple infections. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were subjected to ordinal logistic regression, with statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05. The statistical analyses utilized STATA 14® and R-Core Team-software.

RESULTS

We included 450 women, mean age 40 (SD±11.44). PCR analysis revealed 43% HPV-positive (n=192). GP5+/6+ detected the most positives at 26% (n=119), followed by PU1R/2 M at 22% (n = 100) and MY09/11 at 15% (n=69). Multiple infections occurred in 87.3% (n=142), primarily 2 to 4 types (47.37%, n=90). Dominant types were HPV-18 (15.6%, n=61), HPV-16 (14.9%, n=58), HPV-31 (13.0%, n = 51), and HPV-45 (11.5%, n=45). Logistic regression identified age above 60 as a risk for concurrent multiple types (OR=6.10; 95% CI 1.18-31.63). Menopause was protective (OR=0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.89).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study reveals a notable prevalence of multiple (2-4) high-risk HPV infections among adult women engaged in CC detection initiatives. Predominantly, α7 species constitute the prevalent HR-viral types, with the Medio Sinú subregion showing elevated prevalence. Menopausal status confers protection against diverse HR-HPV infections. Nevertheless, advancing age, particularly beyond 60 years, is linked to an increased susceptibility to simultaneous infections by multiple HPV-types.

Human Papillomavirus-Associated Giant Clear Cell Acanthoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Clear cell acanthoma (CCA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represent distinct entities within dermatological oncology, each posing unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. CCA is a rare, benign epidermal growth, often not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, whereas SCC, a more aggressive form of skin cancer, has been linked to both ultraviolet (UV) exposure and HPV. Understanding the co-occurrence of these conditions in a single patient can enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. We report a 64-year-old male who underwent an operation for a verruciform lesion in the right groin, which was diagnosed as HPV-positive CCA alongside keratinised SCC. A literature search across January 2024 revealed limited evidence directly linking HPV to CCA, suggesting a need for further investigation. The speculative association between HPV and CCA warrants deeper exploration, especially considering the potential for HPV to contribute to lesion development through indirect mechanisms. The coexistence of CCA and SCC in an elderly patient presents a unique clinical scenario. This emphasises the need for vigilant diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies, highlighting the gap in understanding the pathogenesis of CCA, particularly its potential association with HPV. Further research is crucial for elucidating the complex interactions governing these conditions and for developing targeted interventions.

Unraveling the Complex Nexus of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Extragenital Keratinocyte Skin Tumors: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bowen's Disease and In Situ Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

This comprehensive study delves into the intricate landscape surrounding the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in extragenital keratinocyte skin tumors, specifically exploring Bowen's disease (BD) and in situ squamous-cell carcinoma (iSCC). Through a multifaceted examination, this research study elucidates the nuanced interplay of HPV, gender dynamics, anatomical site variations, and potential implications for the etiopathogenesis of these malignancies.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV6/11/16/18 infections among 180,276 outpatient females from a Women's and Children's Central Hospital, 2015-2021, Chengdu, China

The aims of this study on human papilloma virus (HPV) 6/11/16/18 infection among females in Chengdu were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and genital warts. In this study, the infection status of 20 genotypes was analysed by gene chip technology. The prevalence rates of HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 infection among 180,276 cases were 0.94%, 0.57%, 3.22%, and 1.28%, respectively. The prevalence of HPV 6/11/16/18 showed a bimodal U-shaped curve with age; the first and second peak occurred among females < 20 and ≥ 60 years old, respectively. As the multiplicity of infections involving HPV6/11/16/18 increases, the infection rate decreases. The ratios of HPV16 single infection showed a yearly increase. The top five genotypes with HPV-16, -18, -6, and -11 in coinfection were HPV52/58/53/51/33, HPV 52/16/53/58/51, HPV52/16/58/51/53 and HPV16/52/58/59/18, respectively, HPV16/18/6/11 were mainly coinfected with HR-HPV. In sum, among the five vaccines available, nonavalent vaccine is more suitable for Chengdu females. For young females prioritizing vaccination is essential in the current context, while HPV screening remains an effective approach for older females. Additionally, in patients with genital warts, it is necessary to assess the presence of high-risk HPV infection and manage it appropriately in patients with genital warts.

Elucidating the clonal relationship of esophageal second primary tumors in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Laryngeal cancer ranks as the second most prevalent upper airway malignancy, following Lung cancer. Although some progress has been made in managing laryngeal cancer, the 5-year survival rate is disappointing. The gradual increase in the incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) plays a crucial role in determining survival outcomes during long-term follow-up, and the esophagus was the most common site with a worse prognosis. In clinical practice, the treatment of esophageal second primary tumors (ESPT) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has always been challenging. For patients with synchronous tumors, several treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and potentially curative surgery are necessary but are typically poorly tolerated. Secondary cancer therapy options for metachronous patients are always constrained by index cancer treatment indications. Therefore, understanding the clonal origin of the second primary tumor may be an important issue in the treatment of patients. LSCC cells demonstrate genetic instability because of two distinct aetiologies (human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive) disease. Various etiologies exhibit distinct oncogenic mechanisms, which subsequently impact the tissue microenvironment. The condition of the tissue microenvironment plays a crucial role in determining the destiny and clonal makeup of mutant cells during the initial stages of tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the genetic advances of LSCC, the current research status of SPT, and the influence of key carcinogenesis of HPV-positive and HPV-negative LSCC on clonal evolution of ESPT cells. The objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis underlying the clonal origins of SPT, thereby offering novel perspectives for future investigations in this field.