1
|
Annaji M, Mita N, Heard J, Kang X, Poudel I, Boddu SHS, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Long-Acting Drug Delivery Technologies for Meloxicam as a Pain Medicine. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:111-150. [PMID: 38608134 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2024048988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Meloxicam, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has demonstrated clinical effectiveness in managing inflammation and acute pain. Although available in oral and parenteral formulations such as capsule, tablet, suspension, and solution, frequent administration is necessary to maintain therapeutic efficacy, which can increase adverse effects and patient non-compliance. To address these issues, several sustained drug delivery strategies such as oral, transdermal, transmucosal, injectable, and implantable drug delivery systems have been developed for meloxicam. These sustained drug delivery strategies have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of meloxicam, thereby reducing the frequency of dosing and associated gastrointestinal side effects. The choice of drug delivery system will depend on the desired release profile, the target site of inflammation, and the mode of administration. Overall, meloxicam sustained delivery systems offer better patient compliance, and reduce the side effects, thereby improving the clinical applications of this drug. Herein, we discuss in detail different strategies for sustained delivery of meloxicam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Jessica Heard
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ion-Pair Compounds of Strychnine for Enhancing Skin Permeability: Influencing the Transdermal Processes In Vitro Based on Molecular Simulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010034. [PMID: 35056091 PMCID: PMC8781250 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore how Strychnine (Str) ion-pair compounds affect the in vitro transdermal process. In order to prevent the influence of different functional groups on skin permeation, seven homologous fatty acids were selected to form ion-pair compounds with Str. The in vitro permeation fluxes of the Str ion-pair compounds were 2.2 to 8.4 times that of Str, and Str-C10 had the highest permeation fluxes of 42.79 ± 19.86 µg/cm2/h. The hydrogen bond of the Str ion-pair compounds was also confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and molecular simulation. In the process of molecular simulation, the intercellular lipid and the viable skin were represented by ceramide, cholesterol and free fatty acid of equal molar ratios and water, respectively. It was found by the binding energy curve that the Str ion-pair compounds had better compatibility with the intercellular lipid and water than Str, which indicated that the affinity of Str ion-pair compounds and skin was better than that of Str and skin. Therefore, it was concluded that Str ion-pair compounds can be distributed from the vehicle to the intercellular lipid and viable skin more easily than Str. These findings broadened our knowledge about how Str ion-pair compounds affect the transdermal process.
Collapse
|
3
|
Song H, Liu C, Ruan J, Yang D, Zhong T, Liu Y, Fang L. Effect of the combination of permeation enhancer and ion-pairs strategies on transdermal delivery of tofacitinib. Int J Pharm 2021; 611:121190. [PMID: 34662645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a tofacitinib (TOF) transdermal patch by the combination of ion-pairs and chemical permeation enhancer strategies. And a theory of controlled release of chemical permeation enhancers by counterion was proposed on the basis of in vitro skin permeation and skin retention study. Through the in vitro skin permeation study, the formulation factors such as counterion, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), drug loading and patch thickness were investigated, and the optimized patch (6.5% LA-TOF, 15% POCC and thickness = 50 μm) was evaluated by the pharmacokinetic study. The AUC0-t of the optimized patch was 529.89 ± 45 h ng/mL. Special attention has been paid to the molecular mechanism of the effects of counterion concentration on the release and permeation enhancement effect of penetration enhancer. FTIR study, 13C NMR, XPS and molecular modeling were conducted to investigate the molecular interaction between POCC and LA. Raman Imaging and ATR-FTIR were used to explore the POCC content in the skin and the interference degree to lipid. The results revealed that a strong hydrogen bond appeared between LA and the hydroxyl group of POCC, which inhibited the release of POCC, thus reducing the lipid disturbance and permeation enhancement effect of POCC. In conclusion, this TOF patch was successfully developed. The effect of counterion on permeation enhancers was clarified at molecular level, and these results provided references for the development of TOF patch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao X, He Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Chen L, Wang B, Wu C, Yuan Y. Identification and direct determination of fatty acids profile in oleic acid by HPLC-CAD and MS-IT-TOF. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114238. [PMID: 34273659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid is a pharmaceutical excipient and has been widely used in many dosage forms. It remains unclear in terms of the fatty acids (FAs) profile. In this study, a sensitive and direct method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) was developed to study the compositions of oleic acid. The chromatographic conditions were optimized to achieve good separation and high sensitivity. The components of oleic acid were identified by ion trap/time of flight mass spectrometry (MS-IT-TOF). Twenty-seven FAs were identified based on the exact mass-to-charge ratio and fragments, among which 13 FAs were confirmed with the reference standards. Nine FAs in the oleic acid samples including oleic acid, linolenic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid were simultaneously determined by the developed HPLC-CAD, which showed good linearity with r2>0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 9 FAs were 0.006-0.1 μg mL-1 and 0.032-0.22 μg mL-1, respectively. The components with concentration level not less than 0.03 % (referring to the sample concentration of 1.0 mg mL-1) can be quantified. The mean recovery values of 9 FAs ranged from 96.5%-103.6% at three concentration levels of 80 %, 100 % and 120 %. The repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 5.0 % for oleic acid and components with concentration levels more than 0.05 %. In contrast to the conventional pre-column derivatization gas chromatography (GC), HPLC-CAD could unbiasedly and directly detect more components, especially the FAs with long carbon chains. Overall, the developed novel HPLC-CAD method can ameliorate the deficiency of the indirect GC method recorded in current pharmacopeias, thus having great potential for the comprehensive understanding and quality control of oleic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhao
- Chemical Laboratory Second Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute for Drug and Food Control, Nanjing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzi He
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jungen Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Lei Chen
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyong Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yaozuo Yuan
- Chemical Laboratory Second Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute for Drug and Food Control, Nanjing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan KU, Minhas MU, Sohail M, Badshah SF, Abdullah O, Khan S, Munir A, Suhail M. Synthesis of PEG-4000-co-poly (AMPS) nanogels by cross-linking polymerization as highly responsive networks for enhancement in meloxicam solubility. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:465-476. [PMID: 33651645 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility is an ongoing issue and the graph of poorly soluble drugs has increased markedly which critically affect their dissolution, bioavailability, and clinical effects. This common issue needs to be addressed, for this purpose a series of polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) based nanogels were developed by free radical polymerization technique to enhance the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drug meloxicam (MLX), as improved solubility is the significant application of nanosystems. Developed nanogels formulations were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, zeta sizer, percent equilibrium swelling, drug loaded content (DLC), drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), solubility studies, and in vitro dissolution studies. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies were conducted in order to determine the bio-compatibility of the nanogels drug delivery system to biological environment. Nanogels particle size was found to be 156.19 ± 09.33 d.nm. Solubility study confirmed that the solubility of poorly soluble drug MLX was significantly enhanced up to 36 folds as compared to reference product (Mobic®). The toxicity study conducted on rabbits and MTT assay endorsed the safety of the developed nanogels formulations to the biological system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faisal Badshah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Orva Abdullah
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Hamdard University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.,School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kawazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Abubakar Munir
- Department of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suhail
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Delivery of ionizable hydrophilic drugs based on pharmaceutical formulation of ion pairs and ionic liquids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:203-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Mechanism and Improved Dissolution of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Solid Dispersion by Alkalizers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010082. [PMID: 31968604 PMCID: PMC7022421 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to increase the dissolution of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) by preparing ternary solid dispersion (TSD) systems containing alkalizers, and to explore the modulating mechanism of alkalizers in solid dispersion systems. GA TSDs were prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) with Kollidon® VA64 as the carrier and L-arginine/meglumine as the alkalizers. The in vitro release of the TSD was investigated with a dissolution test, and the dissociation constant (pKa) was used to describe the ionization degree of the drug in different pH buffers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a molecular model were used for solid-state characterizations and to study the dissolution mechanism of the TSDs. It was evident that the dissolution of GA significantly increased as a result of the TSD compared to the pure drug and binary solid dispersion. SEM, DSC, and XPRD data showed that GA transformed into an amorphous form in TSD. As illustrated by FTIR, Raman, XPS, and molecular docking, high binding energy ion-pair complexes formed between GA and the alkalizers during the process of HME. These can destroy the H-bond between GA molecules. Further, intermolecular H-bonds formed between the alkalizers and Kollidon® VA64, which can increase the wettability of the drug. Our results will significantly improve the solubility and dissolution of GA. In addition, the lower pKa value of TSD indicates that higher ionization is beneficial to the dissolution of the drug. This study should facilitate further developments of TSDs containing alkalizers to improve the dissolution of weakly acidic drugs and gain a richer understanding of the mechanism of dissolution.
Collapse
|