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Nazemi Z, Sahraro M, Janmohammadi M, Nourbakhsh MS, Savoji H. A review on tragacanth gum: A promising natural polysaccharide in drug delivery and cell therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124343. [PMID: 37054856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Tragacanth is an abundant natural gum extracted from wounds created in some plants and is dried for use in various applications from industry to biomedicines. It is a cost-effective and easily accessible polysaccharide with desirable biocompatibility and biodegradability, drawing much attention for use in new biomedical applications such as wound healing and tissue engineering. Moreover, this anionic polysaccharide with a highly branched structure has been used as an emulsifier and thickening agent in pharmaceutical applications. In the following, this gum has been interested as an appealing biomaterial for producing engineering tools in drug delivery. Furthermore, the biological properties of tragacanth gum have made it a favorable biomaterial in cell therapies, especially for bone tissue engineering. This review aims to discuss the recent studies on this natural gum as a potential carrier for different drugs and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nazemi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box 19111-35131, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahraro
- Department of Polyurethane and Advanced Materials, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Janmohammadi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box 19111-35131, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box 19111-35131, Semnan, Iran; Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, P.O. Box 19111-35131, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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2
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Wasan E, Mandava T, Crespo-Moran P, Nagy A, Wasan KM. Review of Novel Oral Amphotericin B Formulations for the Treatment of Parasitic Infections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2316. [PMID: 36365135 PMCID: PMC9697626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmpB) is a polyene macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of blood-borne parasitic and fungal infections. However, its use, particularly in the developing world, has been limited by dose-dependent kidney toxicity, other systemic-related toxicity issues following injection, the inconvenience of parenteral administration, and accessibility. Oral formulation approaches have focused on the dual problem of solubility and permeability of AmpB, which is poorly water soluble, amphoteric and has extremely low oral bioavailability. Therefore, to enhance oral absorption, researchers have employed micellar formulations, polymeric nanoparticles, cochleates, pro-drugs, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). This paper will highlight current uses of AmpB against parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis, preclinical and clinical formulation strategies, applications in veterinary medicine and the importance of developing a cost-effective and safe oral AmpB formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tavonga Mandava
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Pablo Crespo-Moran
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Adrienne Nagy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & the Neglected Global Diseases Initiative, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
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Mahor A, M Sawant D, K Goyal A. Chemical and physical approaches for improved biopharmaceutical activity of amphotericin B: Current and future prospective. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1571-1592. [PMID: 35692126 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220610141243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the number of patients with mycotic infections has been increasing gradually. Amphotericin-B is a gold standard drug used in serious systemic fungal infections. However, limited solubility and permeability are challenging issues associated with Amphotericin-B. Chemical modification is one of the ways to get its broader applicability along with improved physicochemical properties. The review article provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical modification approach for investigation of the mechanism of action, biological activity, bioavailability, toxicity of Amphotericin B. Further, several drug delivery approaches have also been utilized to provide better therapeutic outcomes. This gives an overview of chemical approaches for the exploration of various factors associated with Amphotericin B and information on its drug delivery approaches for improved biopharmaceutical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mahor
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
| | - Amit K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, India
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Mallakpour S, Tabesh F, Hussain CM. Potential of tragacanth gum in the industries: a short journey from past to the future. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hassan SU, Khalid I, Hussain L, Barkat K, Khan IU. Development and Evaluation of pH-Responsive Pluronic F 127 Co-Poly- (Acrylic Acid) Biodegradable Nanogels for Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221095977. [PMID: 35558872 PMCID: PMC9087256 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221095977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research aimed to develop and evaluate biodegradable, pH-responsive chemically
cross-linked Pluronic F127 co-poly- (acrylic acid) nanogels for dermal delivery
of Terbinafine HCL (TBH) to increase its permeability and as a new approach to
treat skin fungal infections. TBH-loaded nanogels were successfully synthesized
from acrylic acid (AA) and Pluronic F127 by free-radical copolymerization
technique using N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and ammonium
persulphate (APS) as initiator. Prepared nanogels exhibited 93.51% drug
entrapment efficiency (DEE), 45 nm particle size, pH-dependent swelling and
release behavior. Nanogels were characterized using different physicochemical
techniques. The ex-vivo skin retention studies through rat skin
showed about 42.34% drug retention from nanogels while 1% Lamisil cream
(marketed product) showed about 26.56% drug retention. Moreover, skin irritation
studies showed that nanogels were not irritating. Nanogels showed improved
in-vitro antifungal activity against Candida
albicans compared to commercial product. In-vivo
studies on rats infected with Candida albicans confirmed
superiority of nanogels over 1% Lamisil for eradication of fungal infection.
This confirms that TBH loaded in Pluronic F127 co-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels
provided greater targetibility and cure rates of poorly soluble TBH in animal
model and hence nanogels could be a potential carrier for effective topical
delivery of TBH for skin fungal infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams ul Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Silva-Carvalho R, Leão T, Bourbon AI, Gonçalves C, Pastrana L, Parpot P, Amorim I, Tomas AM, Portela da Gama M. Hyaluronic acid-Amphotericin B Nanocomplexes: a Promising Anti-Leishmanial Drug Delivery System. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1952-1967. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective amphotericin B (AmB) formulation to replace actual treatments available for leishmaniasis, which present serious drawbacks, is a challenge. Here we report the development of hyaluronic...
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Ali HE, Radwan RR. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of resveratrol-loaded functionalized carbon nanotubes as a novel delivery system in radiation enteropathy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106002. [PMID: 34517108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteropathy is a major clinical challenge during radiotherapy. Resveratrol displays beneficial pharmacological activities; however, low oral bioavailability limits its effectiveness. This study aims at preparing methacrylic acid (MAAc) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-MAAc) as carriers for pH triggered controlled release of resveratrol in an effort to improve the drug therapeutic potential. MWCNTs-MAAc were prepared using radiation technique and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In vitro drug release profile at different pH values was analyzed. Furthermore, the designed RES-MWCNTs-MAAc nanocomplex was evaluated against radiation-induced enteropathy in rats. Oral administration of RES-MWCNTs-MAAc restored colonic redox state and elevated antioxidant enzymes activities glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced colonic inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferone-γ (IFN-γ) contents in addition to declining the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as evidenced by down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 proteins expression accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. RES-MWCNTs-MAAc was more efficient than free resveratrol due to the delivery system that allowed prolonged resveratrol release at target site. Thus, this formulation could serve as a beneficial anti-inflammatory approach for patients during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Ali
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Shoaib MH, Sikandar M, Ahmed FR, Ali FR, Qazi F, Yousuf RI, Irshad A, Jabeen S, Ahmed K. Applications of Polysaccharides in Controlled Release Drug Delivery System. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wang D, Zhang W, Ju JX, Wang LJ, Huang RY, Xu YF, Zhang HL, Qi JL. Gender differences in acute toxicity, toxicokinetic and tissue distribution of amphotericin B liposomes in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 338:78-84. [PMID: 33309996 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB), an effective polyene drug with broad spectrum antifungal activity, is used for serious fungal infections. Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is a lipid dosage form, which has a significantly improved toxicity profile compared with conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAmB). This study focused on verifying the gender differences in the acute toxicity of LAmB and further exploring its causes. Acute toxicity study of LAmB and DAmB were performed in rats, and toxicity responses and mortality of different sexes were observed and recorded. Concentrations of AmB in rat plasma and tissues were determined by a fully validated UPLC-MS/MS assay. The results demonstrated that LAmB showed significant gender differences in acute toxicity, with more severe toxic symptoms and higher mortality for female rats at different doses, but the same differences were not observed for DAmB under the same condition. To explore the cause of differences, toxicokinetic and tissue distribution studies were performed and the results showed that female animals had higher drug exposure, longer half-life and lower plasma clearance compared to male rats, and the drug was mostly distributed in the liver and kidneys, in which female rats displayed a significant higher concentration than that of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Jie-Xi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Lu-Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Ru-Yu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Jin-Long Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China.
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Wasan KM. Development of an Oral Amphotericin B Formulation as an Alternative Approach to Parenteral Amphotericin B Administration in the Treatment of Blood-Borne Fungal Infections. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1521-1523. [PMID: 32160842 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200311130812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the Fall of 1999, we presented at medical "Grand Rounds" to a number of Infectious Diseases physicians at Vancouver General Hospital about the co-administration of several antifungal compounds in the treatment of blood-borne fungal infections to patients who were immunocompromised (i.e. cancer patients, patients waiting organ transplantation, HIV/AIDs patients, etc.). During the presentation, a physician from the back of the room called out "can you develop an oral formulation of amphotericin B which could be effective and not have the side-effects associated with the parenteral formulations of the drug". The physician stated that an oral formulation would be a big step forward, improving patient compliance, helping in pre-treatment without admitting patients to the hospital prior to organ transplantation and it would be cost-effective. Initially, I responded to the physician, that it would not be possible to develop an oral amphotericin B formulation that could be absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a high enough concentration to be effective in treating blood-borne fungal infections and yet remains non-toxic due to the physical chemical properties of the drug. However, as I travelled back to my lab from the meeting, it struck me that our understanding of how lipids had been processed and orally absorbed from the GI had advanced to the point the maybe incorporating amphotericin B into such lipids might work. Within several years, our laboratory was able to develop a novel oral amphotericin B formulation that was indeed effective in treating systemic fungal infections without the side-effects associated with the drug in a variety of fungal animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Neglected Global Diseases Initiative at University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Assessing the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Biodistribution of Novel Oral Formulations of Amphotericin B following Single- and Multiple-Dose Administration to Beagle Dogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01111-20. [PMID: 32816728 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01111-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and biodistribution of novel oral amphotericin B (AmpB) formulations following single- and multiple-oral-dose administration to healthy beagle dogs. The liquid formulation of AmpB was administered to three male dogs, and the capsule formulations of AmpB were administered to each of two groups of six male dogs. Blood was collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation on days 1, 2, and 3 (up to 72 h postdosing). Dogs receiving the capsule formulations further received a single oral dose of 100 mg once daily for three more days, and on the 4th day, blood samples were taken at 24 h postdosing and the dogs were humanely sacrificed with the removal of organs, from which tissue samples were taken for analysis of the AmpB content. Multiple-dose studies were completed for 7 or 14 days with daily doses of up to 1,000 mg/day with the capsule formulations. All oral formulations of AmpB following both single- and multiple-dose administration were well tolerated in the dogs, and there were no relevant adverse signs observed, such as changes in hematologic, coagulation, or biochemistry parameters; loss of weight; changes in food or water intake; or signs of gastrointestinal distress. The oral absorption of AmpB from the liquid formulation and the capsule formulations were similar, with no significant differences. The tissue distributions of AmpB were similar following repeated doses of the two capsule formulations to dogs. Following 14 days of treatment with the iCo-010 liquid formulation and the iCo-019 and iCo-022 capsule formulations, the range of values of the maximum observed plasma concentration (C max) was 53.2 to 62.3, 24.9 to 66.4, and 36.7 to 85.2 ng/ml, respectively; the range of values of the time to C max was 4 to 12, 4 to 24, and 2 to 24 h, respectively; and the range of values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration was 2,635 to 3,071, 1,053 to 2,517, and 1,443 to 3,713 ng · h/ml, respectively. We have developed a safe novel oral AmpB formulation suitable for future efficacy studies.
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Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Oral Amphotericin B Formulation (iCo-019) following Single-Dose Administration to Healthy Human Subjects: an Alternative Approach to Parenteral Amphotericin B Administration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01450-20. [PMID: 32690643 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01450-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a novel oral amphotericin B (AmB) formulation (iCo-019) following single doses to healthy humans. The data from this study suggest that iCo-019 has a long circulation time and systemic exposure without the associated gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney toxicity associated with AmB. This novel oral AmB formulation can serve as a new treatment strategy to overcome the limitations of the use of parenterally administered AmB products.
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El-Sawy NM, Raafat AI, Badawy NA, Mohamed AM. Radiation development of pH-responsive (xanthan-acrylic acid)/MgO nanocomposite hydrogels for controlled delivery of methotrexate anticancer drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 142:254-264. [PMID: 31593725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite hydrogels composed of magnesium oxide (MgO) and natural polymer-based copolymer of Xanthan gum (Xan) and acrylic acid (AAc) were prepared using radiation-induced copolymerization and crosslinking technique to be used as a drug delivery system. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol- gel method. FTIR, XRD, UV-vis and TEM analysis revealed the successful preparation of MgO nanoparticles. The size of MgO nanoparticles was found to be 6.6 nm. FTIR data confirmed the incorporation of MgO within the (Xan-AAc) copolymer hydrogel. The presence of MgO nanoparticles slightly decreases the gelation degree and on contrary the swelling degree and network porosity was enhanced. (Xan-AAc)/MgO nanocomposites show typical pH-dependent swelling behavior Moreover, the swelling kinetics showed that all the samples under investigation possess Fickian at pH1 and non-Fickian at pH7. Methotrexate (MTX) as model for anticancer drugs was used to evaluate the potential efficiency of the obtained (Xan-AAc)/MgO nanocomposites as drug carrier. Incorporation of MgO into (Xan-AAc) hydrogel improves the drug loading efficiency and enhances the (MTX) release to reach maximum in the simulated intestine medium (pH7). The drug release profile came in a good agreement with swelling results which recommend the (Xan-AAc)/MgO nanocomposite hydrogels as potential targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem M El-Sawy
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany I Raafat
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa A Badawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Mohamed
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Cuddihy G, Wasan EK, Di Y, Wasan KM. The Development of Oral Amphotericin B to Treat Systemic Fungal and Parasitic Infections: Has the Myth Been Finally Realized? Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E99. [PMID: 30813569 PMCID: PMC6470859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral amphotericin B has been considered as first-line therapy in the treatment of systemic fungal and parasitic infections, however its use has been associated with a number of limitations including affordability, accessibility, and an array of systemic toxicities. Until very recently, it has been very challenging to develop a bioavailable formulation of amphotericin B due to its physical chemical properties, limited water and lipid solubility, and poor absorption. This perspective reviews several novel oral Amphotericin B formulations under development that are attempting to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cuddihy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Yunyun Di
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Nazarzadeh Zare E, Makvandi P, Tay FR. Recent progress in the industrial and biomedical applications of tragacanth gum: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:450-467. [PMID: 30832879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers have distinct advantages over synthetic polymers because of their abundance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Tragacanth gum, an anionic polysaccharide, is a natural polymer which is derived from renewable sources. As a biomaterial, tragacanth gum has been used in industrial settings such as food packaging and water treatment, as well as in the biomedical field as drug carriers and for wound healing purposes. The present review provides an overview on the state-of-the-art in the field of tragacanth gum applications. The structure, properties, cytotoxicity, and degradability as well as the recent advances in industrial and biomedical applications of tragacanth gum are reviewed to offer a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Van Dijck P, Sjollema J, Cammue BPA, Lagrou K, Berman J, d’Enfert C, Andes DR, Arendrup MC, Brakhage AA, Calderone R, Cantón E, Coenye T, Cos P, Cowen LE, Edgerton M, Espinel-Ingroff A, Filler SG, Ghannoum M, Gow NA, Haas H, Jabra-Rizk MA, Johnson EM, Lockhart SR, Lopez-Ribot JL, Maertens J, Munro CA, Nett JE, Nobile CJ, Pfaller MA, Ramage G, Sanglard D, Sanguinetti M, Spriet I, Verweij PE, Warris A, Wauters J, Yeaman MR, Zaat SA, Thevissen K. Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2018; 5:300-326. [PMID: 29992128 PMCID: PMC6035839 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.07.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unlike superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails, which are the most common fungal diseases in humans, invasive fungal infections carry high morbidity and mortality, particularly those associated with biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. Therapeutic management of these complex diseases is often complicated by the rise in resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents. Therefore, the availability of accurate susceptibility testing methods for determining antifungal resistance, as well as discovery of novel antifungal and antibiofilm agents, are key priorities in medical mycology research. To direct advancements in this field, here we present an overview of the methods currently available for determining (i) the susceptibility or resistance of fungal isolates or biofilms to antifungal or antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; (ii) the in vivo efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; and (iii) the in vitro and in vivo performance of anti-infective coatings and materials to prevent fungal biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno P. A. Cammue
- Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, UZ Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Berman
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Christophe d’Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, INRA, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - David R. Andes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maiken C. Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Dept. Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Jena, Germany
| | - Richard Calderone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Emilia Cantón
- Severe Infection Research Group: Medical Research Institute La Fe (IISLaFe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Switzerland
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mira Edgerton
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | | | - Scott G. Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Re-serve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neil A.R. Gow
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Biocenter - Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Johnson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Johan Maertens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Clinical Department of Haematology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carol A. Munro
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jeniel E. Nett
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Clarissa J. Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, USA
| | - Michael A. Pfaller
- Departments of Pathology and Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
- JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Switzerland
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IRCCS-Fondazione Policlinico "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Pharmacy Dpt, University Hospitals Leuven and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Dpt. of Pharmaceutical and Pharma-cological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul E. Verweij
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (omit "Nijmegen" in Radboud University Medical Center)
| | - Adilia Warris
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joost Wauters
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Internal Medicine, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael R. Yeaman
- Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Divisions of Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Har-bor-UCLA Medical Center, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Sebastian A.J. Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Am-sterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Segal E, Frenkel M. Experimental in Vivo Models of Candidiasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:E21. [PMID: 29415485 PMCID: PMC5872324 DOI: 10.3390/jof4010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is a multifaceted fungal disease including mucosal-cutaneous, visceral, and disseminated infections caused by yeast species of the genus Candida. Candida infections are among the most common human mycoses. Candida species are the third to fourth most common isolates from bloodstream infections in neutropenic or immunocompromised hospitalized patients. The mucosal-cutaneous forms-particularly vaginal infections-have a high prevalence. Vaginitis caused by Candida species is the second most common vaginal infection. Hence, candidiasis is a major subject for research, including experimental in vivo models to study pathogenesis, prevention, or therapy of the disease. The following review article will focus on various experimental in vivo models in different laboratory animals, such as mammals (mice, rats, rabbits), the fruit fly-Drosophila melanogaster, the larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella, or the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The review will describe the induction of the different clinical forms of candidiasis in the various models and the validity of such models in mimicking the human clinical situations. The use of such models for the assessment of antifungal drugs, evaluation of potential vaccines to protect before candidiasis, exploration of Candida virulence factors, and comparison of pathogenicity of different Candida species will be included in the review. All of the above will be reported as based on published studies of numerous investigators as well as on the research of the author and his group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Segal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Michael Frenkel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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