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Zhang J, Sheng X, Ding Q, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J. Subretinal fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:378-393. [PMID: 38819041 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Subretinal fibrosis is the end-stage sequelae of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. It causes local damage to photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroidal vessels, which leads to permanent central vision loss of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis is complex, and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Therefore, there are no effective treatment options. A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis and its related mechanisms is important to elucidate its complications and explore potential treatments. The current article reviews several aspects of subretinal fibrosis, including the current understanding on the relationship between neovascular age-related macular degeneration and subretinal fibrosis; multimodal imaging techniques for subretinal fibrosis; animal models for studying subretinal fibrosis; cellular and non-cellular constituents of subretinal fibrosis; pathophysiological mechanisms involved in subretinal fibrosis, such as aging, infiltration of macrophages, different sources of mesenchymal transition to myofibroblast, and activation of complement system and immune cells; and several key molecules and signaling pathways participating in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and the axis of heat shock protein 70-Toll-like receptors 2/4-interleukin-10. This review will improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, allow the discovery of molecular targets, and explore potential treatments for the management of subretinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Quanju Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li C, Zhou Z, Lei H, Liu M, Zhang D. Advances in cell membrane-based biomimetic nanodelivery systems for natural products. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2361169. [PMID: 38828914 PMCID: PMC11149581 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2361169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Active components of natural products, which include paclitaxel, curcumin, gambogic acid, resveratrol, triptolide and celastrol, have promising anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, and other pharmacological activities. However, their clinical application is limited due to low solubility, instability, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, short half-life, and strong off-target toxicity. To overcome these drawbacks, cell membrane-based biomimetic nanosystems have emerged that avoid clearance by the immune system, enhance targeting, and prolong drug circulation, while also improving drug solubility and bioavailability, enhancing drug efficacy, and reducing side effects. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparation and coating of cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanosystems and in their applications to disease for targeted natural products delivery. Current challenges, limitations, and prospects in this field are also discussed, providing a research basis for the development of multifunctional biomimetic nanosystems for natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
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Chen P, Zhong X, Song Y, Zhong W, Wang S, Wang J, Huang P, Niu Y, Yang W, Ding Z, Luo Q, Yang C, Wang J, Zhang W. Triptolide induces apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy by ROS accumulation via directly targeting peroxiredoxin 2 in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216622. [PMID: 38246224 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide, a natural bioactive compound derived from herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii, has multiple biological activities including anti-cancer effect, which is being tested in clinical trials for treating cancers. However, the exact mechanism by which Triptolide exerts its cytotoxic effects, particularly its specific protein targets, remains unclear. Here, we show that Triptolide effectively induces cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Further investigations reveal that ROS accumulation contributes to the induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, and subsequently autophagy induction in response to Triptolide. Meanwhile, this autophagy is cytoprotective. Interestingly, through activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) approach, we identify peroxiredoxins-2 (PRDX2), a component of the key enzyme systems that act in the defense against oxidative stress and protect cells against hydroperoxides, as direct binding target of Triptolide. By covalently binding to PRDX2 to inhibit its antioxidant activity, Triptolide increases ROS levels. Moreover, overexpression of PRDX2 inhibits and knockdown of the expression of PRDX2 increases Triptolide-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results indicate PRDX2 as a direct target of Triptolides for inducing apoptosis. Our results not only provide novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of Triptolide-induced cytotoxic effects, but also indicate PRDX2 as a promising potential therapeutic target for developing anti-gastric cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchen Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China; Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yali Song
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yaping Niu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wenyue Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyang Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China; Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Akanda M, Getti G, Douroumis D. In vivo evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier systems (NLCs) in mice bearing prostate cancer tumours. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2083-2095. [PMID: 34845679 PMCID: PMC10315352 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed for the delivery of curmumin (CRN), a potent anticancer agent with low bioavailability, for the treatment of prostate cancer. NLCs prepared using high pressure homogenization (HPH) with around 150 nm particle size, - 40 V ζ-potential and excellent long-term stability. Cellular uptake of CRN-SLN showed nanoparticle localization in the cytoplasm around the nucleus. CRN-NLCs were assessed using flow cytometry and found to cause early and late apoptotic events at 100 μg/ml CRN concentrations. CRN-NLC nanoparticles were administrated to nude mice with LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts and demonstrated substantial tumour volume suppression (40%) with no weight loss compared to pure CRN (ethanolic solution). Overall, NLCs were proved a suitable carrier for passive drug delivery and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq Akanda
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
- Centre for Innovation & Process Engineering Research, Chatam Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Giulia Getti
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
- Centre for Innovation & Process Engineering Research, Chatam Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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5
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AbdulHussein AH, Al-Taee MM, Radih ZA, Aljuboory DS, Mohammed ZQ, Hashesh TS, Riadi Y, Hadrawi SK, Najafi M. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide. Biofactors 2023; 49:718-735. [PMID: 36876465 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a hot topic issue in cancer research and therapy. Although cancer therapy including radiotherapy and anti-cancer drugs can kill malignant cells within the tumor, cancer cells can develop a wide range of mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of anti-cancer agents. Cancer cells may provide some mechanisms to resist oxidative stress and escape from apoptosis and attack by the immune system. Furthermore, cancer cells may resist senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death by modulating several critical genes. The development of these mechanisms leads to resistance to anti-cancer drugs and also radiotherapy. Resistance to therapy can increase mortality and reduce survival following cancer therapy. Thus, overcoming mechanisms of resistance to cell death in malignant cells can facilitate tumor elimination and increase the efficiency of anti-cancer therapy. Natural-derived molecules are intriguing agents that may be suggested to be used as an adjuvant in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to therapy with at least side effects. This paper aims to review the potential of triptolide for inducing various types of cell death in cancer cells. We review the induction or resistance to different cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagic cell death, senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis following the administration of triptolide. We also review the safety and future perspectives for triptolide and its derivatives in experimental and human studies. The anticancer potential of triptolide and its derivatives may make them effective adjuvants for enhancing tumor suppression in combination with anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salema K Hadrawi
- Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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6
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Triptolide exposure induces oxidative stress and decrease oocyte quality in mice. Toxicon 2022; 221:106964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gang W, Hao H, Yong H, Ruibing F, Chaowen L, Yizheng H, Chao L, Haitao Z. Therapeutic Potential of Triptolide in Treating Bone-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905576. [PMID: 35784734 PMCID: PMC9240268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF). Triptolide has attracted considerable attention in recent times due to its multiple biological and pharmaceutical activities, with an emphasis on therapeutic importance in the treatment of diverse disorders. With essential medicinal implications, TwHF’s extracts have been used as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunosuppressive agents for centuries, with continuous and relevant modifications to date to enhance its utility in several diseases and pathophysiology. Here, in this review, we accentuate the studies, highlighting the effects of triptolide on treating bone-related disorders, both inflammatory and cancerous, particularly osteosarcoma, and their manifestations. Based on this review, future avenues could be estimated for potential research strategies, molecular mechanisms, and outcomes that might contribute toward reinforcing new dimensions in the clinical application of triptolide in treating bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Gang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Huang Yong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huang Yong,
| | - Feng Ruibing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Huang Yizheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Haitao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Lai K, Li Y, Li L, Gong Y, Huang C, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Xu F, Zhao H, Li C, Zhong X, Jin C. Intravitreal injection of triptolide attenuates subretinal fibrosis in laser-induced murine model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153747. [PMID: 34620548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common cause of irreversible blindness in elderly patients in developed countries, and subretinal fibrosis is an advanced stage of CNV. Currently, there is no effective clinical treatment for subretinal fibrosis. PURPOSE To investigate whether intravitreal injection of triptolide (TP) could attenuate subretinal fibrosis and determine its underlying mechanisms. METHODS CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6J mice. Immediately after laser photocoagulation, 1 μl of free TP (10 μg), TP-nanolip-PEG (TP-loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes containing 10 μg TP), or the same volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intravitreally administered to each respective group. Areas and ratios of subretinal fibrosis were calculated seven days after laser injury. Additionally, expression levels of M2 macrophage-related markers, molecules of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling pathway, and markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) were detected both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The areas of subretinal fibrosis were significantly reduced in both the free TP (10993.87 ± 2416.90 μm2) and TP-nanolip-PEG (7695.32 ± 2121.91 μm2) groups when compared with the PBS group (15971.97 ± 3203.10 μm2) (p < 0.05, n = 6). The ratio of subretinal fibrosis in the free TP monomer (20.8 ± 4.2%) and TP-nanolip-PEG (12.5 ± 4.0%) groups was lower than that in the PBS control group (41.7 ± 5.3%) (p < 0.01, n = 6). Moreover, both TP and TP-nanolip-PEG suppressed the polarization of M2 macrophages and downregulated gene expressions of TGF-β1, Smad 2, Smad 3, α-SMA, and collagen I (p < 0.05), but upregulated the gene expression of E-cadherin (p < 0.05), thus reversing TGF-β1 induced EMT/EndoMT and attenuating subretinal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS TP could attenuate subretinal fibrosis by suppressing the polarization of M2 macrophages and TGF-β1 induced EMT/EndoMT. TP-nanolip-PEG enhanced the inhibitory effects of TP on subretinal fibrosis, suggesting its therapeutic potential for CNV-related subretinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yingqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Chuangxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Fabao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Hongkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Chenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.
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9
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Shen J, Ma H, Wang C. Triptolide improves myocardial fibrosis in rats through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:533-543. [PMID: 34697264 PMCID: PMC8552823 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the result of persistent and repeated aggravation of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, leading to the gradual development of heart failure of chronic ischemic heart disease. Triptolide (TPL) is identified to be involved in the treatment for MF. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TPL in the treatment of MF. The MF rat model was established, subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol and treated by subcutaneous injection of TPL. The cardiac function of each group was evaluated, including LVEF, LVFS, LVES, and LVED. The expressions of ANP, BNP, inflammatory related factors (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM-1), NLRP3 inflammasome factors (NLRP3, ASC) and fibrosis related factors (TGF-β1, COL1, and COL3) in rats were dete cted. H&E staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial cell inflammation and fibrosis of rats. Western blot was used to detect the p-P65 and t-P65 levels in nucleoprotein of rat myocardial tissues. LVED and LVES of MF group were significantly upregulated, LVEF and LVFS were significantly downregulated, while TPL treatment reversed these trends; TPL treatment downregulated the tissue injury and improved the pathological damage of MF rats. TPL treatment downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors and fibrosis factors, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway reversed the effect of TPL on MF. Collectively, TPL inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting NF-κB pathway, and improved MF in MF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyao Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Hailiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Chaoquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
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10
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Guo B, Qiao F, Liao Y, Song L, He J. Triptolide laden reduced graphene oxide transdermal hydrogel to manage knee arthritis: in vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1288-1300. [PMID: 33797338 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1912976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (extract of herb Tripterygium wilfordii) is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis due to its potent immunosuppressant effect. The marketed oral (tablet dosage forms) and parenteral injections have short duration of action (half-life = 38 min) and not limited to multiorgan toxicity, which restrict the use of triptolide in clinical practice. In this study, a triptolide-loaded Pluronic® F68-reduced graphene oxide transdermal (non-invasive) hydrogel was developed to achieve sustained release of triptolide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of Pluronic® F68-reduced graphene oxide. Transmission electron microscopy showed flat wrinkled-nanosheets. The developed hydrogel showed desirable viscosity (11,261-11,365 cps), adhesiveness (0.25 mJ), hardness (6.5 g), and cohesiveness (1.85) for transdermal application. The ex vivo release study demonstrated the ability of the Pluronic® F68-reduced graphene oxide hydrogel to prolong release up to 14 h (63.64-96.78%), owing to the strong π-π interactions between the graphene oxide and the triptolide. The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in the rat model confirmed the improvement in the relative bioavailability (3.3-fold) with Pluronic® F68-reduced graphene oxide hydrogel in comparison to the control hydrogel without reduced graphene oxide. The anti-rheumatoid efficacy model suggest the potential application of Pluronic® F68-reduced graphene oxide hydrogel to treat knee rheumatoid arthritis (70-75% resolution) to substitute tablets and parenteral injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Guo
- Department of Orthopedics combined TCM with Western Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics combined TCM with Western Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yonghua Liao
- Department of Orthopedics combined TCM with Western Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Lianjin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, High-Tech Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlong He
- Department of Orthopedics combined TCM with Western Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
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Lou D, Lou Z, Lin Y, Shangguan H, Lin Y, Luo Q, Zhang H, Lin G, Chen R, Kou L, Bao S. ATB 0,+-targeted delivery of triptolide prodrugs for safer and more effective pancreatic cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 33:127728. [PMID: 33346010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is a diterpene epoxide component extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii and has been shown to possess an impressive anticancer effect. However, TP has not yet entered any clinic trials due to the severe adverse effects that resulted from the off-target absorption and distribution found in animal studies. In this study, we designed and synthesized three amino acids (tryptophan, valine, and lysine) based TP prodrugs to target ATB0,+ which are highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells for more effective pancreatic cancer therapy. The stability, uptake profiles, uptake mechanism, and cancer-killing ability were studied in vitro. All three prodrugs showed increased uptake and enhanced cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells, but not in normal pancreatic cells. The difference in killing effect on normal and cancer cells was attributed to pancreatic cancer over-expressed ATB0,+-mediated uptake. Specifically, tryptophan-conjugated TP prodrug (TP-Trp) showed the highest uptake and the best cancer cell killing effect, considered as the best candidate. The present study provided the proof-of-concept of exploiting TP prodrug to target ATB0,+ for pancreatic cancer-selective delivery and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zijian Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuanzhen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hao Shangguan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qiuhua Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; Department of Children's Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Shihui Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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