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Naylor CN, Nagy G. Recent advances in high-resolution traveling wave-based ion mobility separations coupled to mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39087820 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has become more readily incorporated into various omics-based workflows. These growing applications are due to developments in instrumentation within the last decade that have enabled higher-resolution ion mobility separations. Two such platforms are the cyclic (cIMS) and structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM), both of which use traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). High-resolution separations achieved with these techniques stem from the drastically increased pathlengths, on the order of 10 s of meters to >1 km, in both cIMS-MS and SLIM IMS-MS, respectively. Herein, we highlight recent developments and advances, for the period 2019-2023, in high-resolution traveling wave-based IMS-MS through instrumentation, calibration strategies, hyphenated techniques, and applications. Specifically, we will discuss applications including CCS calculations in multipass IMS-MS separations, coupling of IMS-MS with chromatography, imaging, and cryogenic infrared spectroscopy, and isomeric separations of glycans, lipids, and other small metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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2
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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Shen C, Li S, Wang H, Chen C. Concept and simulation of a novel dual-layer linear ion trap mass analyzer for micro-electromechanical systems mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2024; 30:150-160. [PMID: 38706254 DOI: 10.1177/14690667241251792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposed a dual-layer linear ion trap mass analyzer (dLIT) based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and stacked-layer structure for the development of MEMS mass spectrometry. Its basic performance and potential capabilities were explored by ion trajectory simulations. The theoretical formulas were modified by implementing multipole expansion. The simulation results were confirmed to be highly consistent with theoretical calculations in multiple aspects, including stability diagram, secular frequencies, and mass linearity, with only a deviation of 1-2%. In the boundary ejection mode, close to 100% ejection was achieved in a single dimension by applying extra quadrupole DC voltage. Preliminary simulation results showed that dLIT can achieve a peak width of ∼2 mass units (full width at half maximum, FWHM) for m/z 60 ions even at pressures as high as 50 Pa. Furthermore, the application of AC frequency scanning mode in dLIT was also evaluated, and preliminary simulation results yield a peak width of 0.3-0.4 mass units (FWHM). The dLIT offered several advantages, including high-precision fabrication at the sub-millimeter scale, excellent high-pressure performance, and a clear physical model. It preliminarily proved to be an ideal mass analyzer for MEMS mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Cheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Youjiang Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangxu Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Han Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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3
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Zimnicka MM. Structural studies of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by ion mobility mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:526-559. [PMID: 37260128 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in instrumentation and development of computational strategies for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) studies have contributed to an extensive growth in the application of this analytical technique to comprehensive structural description of supramolecular systems. Apart from the benefits of IM-MS for interrogation of intrinsic properties of noncovalent aggregates in the experimental gas-phase environment, its merits for the description of native structural aspects, under the premises of having maintained the noncovalent interactions innate upon the ionization process, have attracted even more attention and gained increasing interest in the scientific community. Thus, various types of supramolecular complexes and assemblies relevant for biological, medical, material, and environmental sciences have been characterized so far by IM-MS supported by computational chemistry. This review covers the state-of-the-art in this field and discusses experimental methods and accompanying computational approaches for assessing the reliable three-dimensional structural elucidation of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Zimnicka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Greer C, Kinlein Z, Clowers BH. SLIM Tricks: Tools, Concepts, and Strategies for the Development of Planar Ion Guides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1715-1723. [PMID: 37470389 PMCID: PMC10693990 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Traveling wave ion mobility experiments using planar electrode structures (e.g., structures for lossless ion manipulation, TW-SLIM) leverage the mature manufacturing capabilities of printed circuit boards (PCBs). With routine levels of mechanical precision below 150 μm, the conceptual flexibility afforded by PCBs for use as planar ion guides is expansive. To date, the design and construction of TW-SLIM platforms require considerable legacy expertise, especially with respect to simulation and circuit layout strategies. To lower the barrier of TW-SLIM implementation, we introduce Python-based interactive tools that assist in graphical layout of the core electrode footprints for planar ion guides with minimal user inputs. These scripts also export the exact component locations and assignments for direct integration into KiCad and SIMION for PCB finalization and ion flight simulations. The design concepts embodied in the set of scripts comprising SLIM Pickins (PCB CAD generation) and pigsim (SIMION workspace generation) build upon the lessons learned in the independent development of the research-grade TW-SLIM platforms in operation at WSU. Due to the inherent flexibility of the PCB manufacturing process and the time devoted to board layouts prior to manufacturing, both scripts serve to enable rapid, iterative design considerations. Because only a few predefined parameters are necessary (i.e., the TW-SLIM monomer width, x position following a TW Turn, and y position following a TW Turn) it is possible to design the exact component layouts and accompanying simulation space in a manner of minutes. There is no known limitation to the board layout capacities of the scripts, and the size of a designed layout is ultimately constrained by the abilities of the final PCB design and simulation tools, KiCad and SIMION, to accommodate the thousands of electrodes comprising the final design (i.e., RAM and software overhead). Toward removing the barriers to exploring new SLIM tracks and the likelihood of layout errors that require considerable revision and engineering time, the SLIM Pickins and pigsim tools (included as Supporting Information) allow the user to quickly design a length of planar ion guide, simulate its abilities to confine and transmit ions, compare hypothetical board outlines to given vacuum chamber dimensions, and generate a near-production ready PCB CAD file. In addition to these tools, this report outlines a series of cost-saving strategies with respect to vacuum feedthroughs and vacuum chamber design for TW ion mobility experiments using planar ion guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Zackary Kinlein
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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5
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Zercher BP, Gozzo TA, Wageman A, Bush MF. Enhancing the Depth of Analyses with Next-Generation Ion Mobility Experiments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:27-48. [PMID: 37000959 PMCID: PMC10545071 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-031329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in ion mobility (IM) technology have expanded the capability to separate and characterize gas-phase ions of biomolecules, especially when paired with mass spectrometry. This next generation of IM technology has been ushered in by creative innovation focused on both instrument architectures and how electric fields are applied. In this review, we focus on the application of high-resolution and multidimensional IM to biomolecular analyses, encompassing the fields of glycomics, lipidomics, peptidomics, and proteomics. We highlight selected research that demonstrates the application of the new IM toolkit to challenging biomolecular systems. Through our review of recently published literature, we outline the current strengths of respective technologies and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Zercher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Theresa A Gozzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - AnneClaire Wageman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Matthew F Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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6
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Eaton RM, Zercher BP, Wageman A, Bush MF. A Flexible, Modular Platform for Multidimensional Ion Mobility of Native-like Ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1175-1185. [PMID: 37171243 PMCID: PMC10548348 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Native ion mobility (IM) mass spectrometry (MS) is used to probe the size, shape, and assembly of biomolecular complexes. IM-IM-MS can increase the amount of information available in structural studies by isolating subpopulations of structures for further analysis. Previously, IM-IM-MS has been implemented using the Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) architecture to probe the structural stability of gas-phase protein ions. Here, a new multidimensional IM instrument constructed from SLIM devices is characterized using multiple operational modes. In this new design, modular devices are used to perform all ion manipulations, including initial accumulation, injection, separation, selection, and trapping. Using single-dimension IM, collision cross section (Ω) values are determined for a set of native-like ions. These Ω values are within 3% of those reported previously based on measurements using RF-confining drift cells. Tandem IM experiments are performed on a sample of ubiquitin ions that contains both compact and partially unfolded structures, demonstrating that this platform can isolate subpopulations of structures. Finally, additional modes of analysis, including multiplexed IM and inverse IM, are demonstrated using this platform. The ability of this platform to quickly switch between different modes of IM analysis makes it a highly flexible tool for studying protein structures and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Eaton
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
| | - Benjamin P. Zercher
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
| | - AnneClaire Wageman
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700
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Butalewicz JP, Sanders JD, Clowers BH, Brodbelt JS. Improving Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry of Proteins through Tristate Gating and Optimization of Multiplexing Parameters. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:101-108. [PMID: 36469482 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coupling drift tube ion mobility (IM) to Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS) affords the opportunity for gas-phase separation of ions based on size and conformation with high-resolution mass analysis. However, combining IM and FT-MS is challenging because ions exit the drift tube on a much faster time scale than the rate of mass analysis. Fourier transform (FT) and Hadamard transform multiplexing methods have been implemented to overcome the duty-cycle mismatch, offering new avenues for obtaining high-resolution, high-mass-accuracy analysis of mobility-selected ions. The gating methods used to integrate the drift tube with the FT mass analyzer discriminate against the transmission of large, low-mobility ions owing to the well-known gate depletion effect. Tristate gating strategies have been shown to increase ion transmission for drift tube IM-FT-MS systems through implementation of dual ion gating, controlling the quantity and timing of ions through the drift tube to reduce losses of slow-moving ions. Here we present an optimized set of multiplexing parameters for tristate gating ion mobility of several proteins on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer and further report parameters for increased ion transmission and mobility resolution as well as decreased experimental times from 15 min down to 30 s. On average, peak intensities in the arrival time distributions (ATDs) for ubiquitin increased 2.1× on average, while those of myoglobin increased by 1.5× with a resolving power increase on average of 11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie P Butalewicz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Hollerbach AL, Conant CR, Nagy G, Ibrahim YM. Implementation of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Based Separations in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:453-469. [PMID: 35094340 PMCID: PMC9526429 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) is a powerful variant of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TW-IMS) that uses a serpentine pattern of microelectrodes deposited onto printed circuit boards to achieve ultralong ion path lengths (13.5 m). Ions are propelled through SLIM platforms via arrays of TW electrodes while RF and DC electrodes provide radial confinement, establishing near lossless transmission. The recent ability to cycle ions multiple times through a SLIM has allowed ion path lengths to exceed 1000 m, providing unprecedented separation power and the ability to observe ion structural conformations unobtainable with other IMS technologies. The combination of high separation power, high signal intensity, and the ability to couple with mass spectrometry places SLIM in the unique position of being able to address longstanding proteomics and metabolomics challenges by allowing the characterization of isomeric mixtures containing low abundance analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabe Nagy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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10
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Arndt JR, Wormwood Moser KL, Van Aken G, Doyle RM, Talamantes T, DeBord D, Maxon L, Stafford G, Fjeldsted J, Miller B, Sherman M. High-Resolution Ion-Mobility-Enabled Peptide Mapping for High-Throughput Critical Quality Attribute Monitoring. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2019-2032. [PMID: 33835810 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and monitoring of post-translational modifications (PTMs) by peptide mapping is a ubiquitous assay in biopharmaceutical characterization. Often, this assay is coupled to reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) separations that require long gradients to identify all components of the protein digest and resolve critical modifications for relative quantitation. Incorporating ion mobility (IM) as an orthogonal separation that relies on peptide structure can supplement the LC separation by providing an additional differentiation filter to resolve isobaric peptides, potentially reducing ambiguity in identification through mobility-aligned fragmentation and helping to reduce the run time of peptide mapping assays. A next-generation high-resolution ion mobility (HRIM) technique, based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) technology with a 13 m ion path, provides peak capacities and higher resolving power that rivals traditional chromatographic separations and, owing to its ability to resolve isobaric peptides that coelute in faster chromatographic methods, allows for up to 3× shorter run times than conventional peptide mapping methods. In this study, the NIST monoclonal antibody IgG1κ (NIST RM 8671, NISTmAb) was characterized by LC-HRIM-MS and LC-HRIM-MS with collision-induced dissociation (HRIM-CID-MS) using a 20 min analytical method. This approach delivered a sequence coverage of 96.5%. LC-HRIM-CID-MS experiments provided additional confidence in sequence determination. HRIM-MS resolved critical oxidations, deamidations, and isomerizations that coelute with their native counterparts in the chromatographic dimension. Finally, quantitative measurements of % modification were made using only the m/z-extracted HRIM arrival time distributions, showing good agreement with the reference liquid-phase separation. This study shows, for the first time, the analytical capability of HRIM using SLIM technology for enhancing peptide mapping workflows relevant to biopharmaceutical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Arndt
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Kelly L Wormwood Moser
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Gregory Van Aken
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Rory M Doyle
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Tatjana Talamantes
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Daniel DeBord
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Laura Maxon
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - George Stafford
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - John Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Bryan Miller
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Melissa Sherman
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
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May JC, Leaptrot KL, Rose BS, Moser KLW, Deng L, Maxon L, DeBord D, McLean JA. Resolving Power and Collision Cross Section Measurement Accuracy of a Prototype High-Resolution Ion Mobility Platform Incorporating Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1126-1137. [PMID: 33734709 PMCID: PMC9296130 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A production prototype structures for lossless ion manipulation ion mobility (SLIM IM) platform interfaced to a commercial high-resolution mass spectrometer (MS) is described. The SLIM IM implements the traveling wave ion mobility technique across a ∼13m path length for high-resolution IM (HRIM) separations. The resolving power (CCS/ΔCCS) of the SLIM IM stage was benchmarked across various parameters (traveling wave speeds, amplitudes, and waveforms), and results indicated that resolving powers in excess of 200 can be accessed for a broad range of masses. For several cases, resolving powers greater than 300 were achieved, notably under wave conditions where ions transition from a nonselective "surfing" motion to a mobility-selective ion drift, that corresponded to ion speeds approximately 30-70% of the traveling wave speed. The separation capabilities were evaluated on a series of isomeric and isobaric compounds that cannot be resolved by MS alone, including reversed-sequence peptides (SDGRG and GRGDS), triglyceride double-bond positional isomers (TG 3, 6, 9 and TG 6, 9, 12), trisaccharides (melezitose, raffinose, isomaltotriose, and maltotriose), and ganglioside lipids (GD1b and GD1a). The SLIM IM platform resolved the corresponding isomeric mixtures, which were unresolvable using the standard resolution of a drift-tube instrument (∼50). In general, the SLIM IM-MS platform is capable of resolving peaks separated by as little as ∼0.6% without the need to target a specific separation window or drift time. Low CCS measurement biases <0.5% were obtained under high resolving power conditions. Importantly, all the analytes surveyed are able to access high-resolution conditions (>200), demonstrating that this instrument is well-suited for broadband HRIM separations important in global untargeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C. May
- Center
for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems
Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenessee 37235, United States
| | - Katrina L. Leaptrot
- Center
for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems
Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenessee 37235, United States
| | - Bailey S. Rose
- Center
for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems
Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenessee 37235, United States
| | | | - Liulin Deng
- MOBILion
Systems, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Laura Maxon
- MOBILion
Systems, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Daniel DeBord
- MOBILion
Systems, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Center
for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems
Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenessee 37235, United States
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12
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Rivera ES, Djambazova KV, Neumann EK, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM. Integrating ion mobility and imaging mass spectrometry for comprehensive analysis of biological tissues: A brief review and perspective. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4614. [PMID: 32955134 PMCID: PMC8211109 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies are capable of mapping a wide array of biomolecules in diverse cellular and tissue environments. IMS has emerged as an essential tool for providing spatially targeted molecular information due to its high sensitivity, wide molecular coverage, and chemical specificity. One of the major challenges for mapping the complex cellular milieu is the presence of many isomers and isobars in these samples. This challenge is traditionally addressed using orthogonal liquid chromatography (LC)-based analysis, though, common approaches such as chromatography and electrophoresis are not able to be performed at timescales that are compatible with most imaging applications. Ion mobility offers rapid, gas-phase separations that are readily integrated with IMS workflows in order to provide additional data dimensionality that can improve signal-to-noise, dynamic range, and specificity. Here, we highlight recent examples of ion mobility coupled to IMS and highlight their importance to the field.
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Key Words
- IMS
- desorption electrospray ionization, DESI
- drift tube ion mobility spectrometry, DTIMS
- high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility, FAIMS
- imaging mass spectrometry
- infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization, IR-MALDESI
- ion mobility
- laser ablation electrospray ionization, LAESI
- lipids
- liquid extraction surface analysis, LESA
- liquid microjunction, (LMJ)
- matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization, MALDI
- metabolites
- proteins
- tissue analysis
- trapped ion mobility spectrometry, TIMS
- travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry, TWIMS
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio S. Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21 Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Katerina V. Djambazova
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21 Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21 Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21 Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 465 21 Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21 Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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13
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Li A, Nagy G, Conant CR, Norheim RV, Lee JY, Giberson C, Hollerbach AL, Prabhakaran V, Attah IK, Chouinard CD, Prabhakaran A, Smith RD, Ibrahim YM, Garimella SV. Ion Mobility Spectrometry with High Ion Utilization Efficiency Using Traveling Wave-Based Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14930-14938. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Li
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher R. Conant
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joon Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Cameron Giberson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Adam L. Hollerbach
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Isaac K. Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher D. Chouinard
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aneesh Prabhakaran
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V.B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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14
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Fan J, Lian P, Li M, Liu X, Zhou X, Ouyang Z. Ion Mobility Separation Using a Dual-LIT Miniature Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2573-2579. [PMID: 31940171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) has been increasingly used in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for chemical and biological analysis. While implementation of IM with MS usually requires complex instrumentation with delicate controls, in this study we explored the potential of performing IM separation using dual-linear ion traps (LITs) in a miniature mass spectrometer, which was originally developed for performing comprehensive MS/MS scan functions with a simple instrumentation configuration. The IM separation was achieved by ion transfer between the LITs with dynamic gas flow. Its performance was characterized for analysis of a broad range of chemical and biological compounds including small organic compounds such as trisaccharides, raffinose, cellotriose, and melezitose, as well as protein conformers. The demonstrated technique serves as another example of developing powerful hybrid instrument functions with simple configurations and miniaturized sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Penglong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ming Li
- NCS Testing Technology Company, Limited , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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15
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Morris CB, Poland JC, May JC, McLean JA. Fundamentals of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Biomolecules. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2084:1-31. [PMID: 31729651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0030-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) combines complementary size- and mass-selective separations into a single analytical platform. This chapter provides context for both the instrumental arrangements and key application areas that are commonly encountered in bioanalytical settings. New advances in these high-throughput strategies are described with description of complementary informatics tools to effectively utilize these data-intensive measurements. Rapid separations such as these are especially important in systems, synthetic, and chemical biology in which many small molecules are transient and correspond to various biological classes for integrated omics measurements. This chapter highlights the fundamentals of IM-MS and its applications toward biomolecular separations and discusses methods currently being used in the fields of proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb B Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Attah IK, Nagy G, Garimella SVB, Norheim RV, Anderson GA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Traveling-Wave-Based Electrodynamic Switch for Concurrent Dual-Polarity Ion Manipulations in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14712-14718. [PMID: 31621288 PMCID: PMC7239325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of a dual-polarity traveling-wave (TW) structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) device capable of switching both positive and negative ions that are traveling simultaneously along the same path to different regions of the SLIM. Through simulations, the routing efficiency of the SLIM TW switch was compared to a SLIM direct-current-based (DC) switch developed previously for IMS-MS. We also report on the initial experimental evaluation of a dual-polarity SLIM platform, which uses the TW-based ion switch to achieve higher resolution multipass serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) IMS separations. Overall, these results show that the dual-polarity TW switch is not only as effective as DC switching in terms of routing efficiency but also is agnostic to the polarity of the ions being routed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K. Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- GAA Custom Engineering, LLC, Benton City, Washington 99320, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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17
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Attah IK, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Nagy G, Norheim RV, Schimelfenig CE, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Dual Polarity Ion Confinement and Mobility Separations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:967-976. [PMID: 30834510 PMCID: PMC6520127 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present simulations and describe the initial implementation of a device capable of performing simultaneous ion mobility (IM) separations of positive and negative ions based upon the structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). To achieve dual polarity ion confinement, the DC fields used for lateral confinement in previous SLIM were replaced with RF fields. Concurrent ion transport and mobility separation in the SLIM device are shown possible due to the nature of the traveling wave (TW) voltage profile which has potential minima at opposite sides of the wave for each ion polarity. We explored the potential for performing simultaneous IM separations of cations and anions over the same SLIM path and the impacts on the achievable IM resolution and resolving power. Initial results suggest comparable IM performance with previous single-polarity SLIM separations can be achieved. We also used ion trajectory simulations to investigate the capability to manipulate the spatial distributions of ion populations based on their polarities by biasing the RF fields and TW potentials on each SLIM surface so as to limit the interactions between opposite polarity ions. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Colby E Schimelfenig
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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18
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Eaton RM, Allen SJ, Bush MF. Principles of Ion Selection, Alignment, and Focusing in Tandem Ion Mobility Implemented Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1115-1125. [PMID: 30963456 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tandem ion mobility (IM) enables the characterization of subpopulations of ions from larger ensembles, including differences that cannot be resolved in a single dimension of IM. Tandem IM consists of at least two IM regions that are each separated by an ion selection region. In many implementations of tandem IM, ions eluting from a dimension of separation are filtered and immediately transferred to the subsequent dimension of separation (selection-only experiments). We recently reported a mode of operation in which ions eluting from a dimension are trapped prior to the subsequent dimension (selection-trapping experiments), which was implemented on an instrument constructed using the structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) architecture. Here, we use a combination of experiments and trajectory simulations to characterize aspects of the selection, trapping, and separation processes underlying these modes of operation. For example, the actual temporal profile of filtered ions can be very similar to the width of the waveforms used for selection, but depending on experimental parameters, can differ by up to ± 500 μs. Experiments and simulations indicate that ions in selection-trapping experiments can be spatially focused between dimensions, which removes the broadening that occurred during the preceding dimension. During focusing, individual ions are thermalized, which aligns and establishes common initial conditions for the subsequent dimension. Therefore, selection-trapping experiments appear to offer significant advantages relative to selection-only experiments, which we anticipate will become more pronounced in future experiments that make use of longer IM separations, additional dimensions of analysis, and the outcomes of this study. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Samuel J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Matthew F Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA.
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19
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Garimella SVB, Nagy G, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Opening new paths for biological applications of ion mobility - mass spectrometry using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 116:300-307. [PMID: 32831434 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility separations coupled to mass spectrometry (IM-MS) have received much attention for their ability to provide complementary structural information to solution-phase-based separations, as well as to aid in the identification of unknown compounds. While IM-MS is an increasingly powerful analytical technique, significant bottlenecks related to the resolution of measurements have kept it from becoming broadly applied for biological analyses. Presently, IM-MS-based measurements also remain limited in terms of their sensitivity as compared to state of the art MS-based approaches alone. Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM)-based IM separations provide a basis for overcoming these bottlenecks, addressing issues associated with resolution and sensitivity in the omics, and potentially opening the door to much broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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20
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Kirk AT, Bohnhorst A, Raddatz CR, Allers M, Zimmermann S. Ultra-high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry-current instrumentation, limitations, and future developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6229-6246. [PMID: 30957205 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in ionization sources and instrumentation, ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) have transformed from a detector for chemical warfare agents and explosives to a widely used tool in analytical and bioanalytical applications. This increasing measurement task complexity requires higher and higher analytical performance and especially ultra-high resolution. In this review, we will discuss the currently used ion mobility spectrometers able to reach such ultra-high resolution, defined here as a resolving power greater than 200. These instruments are drift tube IMS, traveling wave IMS, trapped IMS, and field asymmetric or differential IMS. The basic operating principles and the resulting effects of experimental parameters on resolving power are explained and compared between the different instruments. This allows understanding the current limitations of resolving power and how ion mobility spectrometers may progress in the future. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar T Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bohnhorst
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian-Robert Raddatz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Allers
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Dou M, Chouinard CD, Zhu Y, Nagy G, Liyu AV, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD, Kelly RT. Nanowell-mediated multidimensional separations combining nanoLC with SLIM IM-MS for rapid, high-peak-capacity proteomic analyses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:5363-5372. [PMID: 30397757 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of complex biological samples is essential for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. The separation prior to MS plays a key role in the overall analysis, with separations having larger peak capacities often leading to more identified species and improved confidence in those identifications. High-resolution ion mobility (IM) separations enabled by Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulation (SLIM) can provide extremely rapid, high-resolution separations and are well suited as a second dimension of separation following nanoscale liquid chromatography (nanoLC). However, existing sample handling approaches for offline coupling of separation modes require microliter-fraction volumes and are thus not well suited for analysis of trace biological samples. We have developed a novel nanowell-mediated fractionation system that enables nanoLC-separated samples to be efficiently preconcentrated and directly infused at nanoelectrospray flow rates for downstream analysis. When coupled with SLIM IM-MS, the platform enables rapid and high-peak-capacity multidimensional separations of small biological samples. In this study, peptides eluting from a 100 nL/min nanoLC separation were fractionated into ~ 60 nanowells on a microfluidic glass chip using an in-house-developed robotic system. The dried samples on the chip were individually reconstituted and ionized by nanoelectrospray for SLIM IM-MS analysis. Using model peptides for characterization of the nanowell platform, we found that at least 80% of the peptide components of the fractionated samples were recovered from the nanowells, providing up to ~tenfold preconcentration for SLIM IM-MS analysis. The combined LC-SLIM IM separation peak capacities exceeded 3600 with a measurement throughput that is similar to current one-dimensional (1D) LC-MS proteomic analyses. Graphical abstract A nanowell-mediated multidimensional separation platform that combines nanoLC with SLIM IM-MS enables rapid, high-peak-capacity proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Dou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Christopher D Chouinard
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Andrey V Liyu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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22
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Hamid AM, Prabhakaran A, Garimella SV, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Characterization of applied fields for ion mobility separations in traveling wave based structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 430:8-13. [PMID: 31467482 PMCID: PMC6715138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) is rapidly gaining attention for the separation and analysis of biomolecules due to the ability to distinguish the shapes of ions. However, conventional constant electric field drift tube IM separations have limited resolving power, constrained by practical limitations on the path length and maximum applied voltage. The implementation of traveling waves (TW) in IM removes the latter limitation, allowing higher resolution to be achieved using extended path lengths. Both of these can be readily obtained in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM), which are fabricated from arrays of electrodes patterned on two parallel surfaces where potentials are applied to generate appropriate electric fields between the surfaces. Here we have investigated the relationship between the primary SLIM variables, such as electrode dimensions, inter-surface gap, and the applied TW voltages, that directly impact the fields experienced by ions. Ion trajectory simulations and theoretical calculations have been utilized to understand the dependence of SLIM geometry and effective electric fields on IM resolution. The variables explored impact both ion confinement and the observed IM resolution using SLIM modules.
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23
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Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Prabhakaran A, Attah IK, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Design of a TW-SLIM Module for Dual Polarity Confinement, Transport, and Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1442-1449. [PMID: 28560562 PMCID: PMC5551421 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe instrumental approaches for performing dual polarity ion confinement, transport, ion mobility separations, and reactions in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). Previous means of ion confinement in SLIM, based upon rf-generated pseudopotentials and DC fields for lateral confinement, cannot trap ions of opposite polarity simultaneously. Here we explore alternative approaches to provide simultaneous lateral confinement of both ion polarities. Traveling wave ion mobility (IM) separations experienced in such SLIM cause ions of both polarities to migrate in the same directions and exhibit similar separations. The ion motion (and relative motion of the two polarities) under both surfing and IM separation conditions are discussed. In surfing conditions the two polarities are transported losslessly and non-reactively in their respective potential minima (higher absolute voltage regions confine negative polarities, and lower absolute potential regions are populated by positive polarities). In separation mode, where ions roll over an overtaking traveling wave, the two polarities can interact during the rollovers. Strategies to minimize overlap of the two ion populations to prevent reactive losses during separations are presented. A theoretical treatment of the time scales over which two populations (injected into a DC field-free region of the dual polarity SLIM device) interact is considered, and SLIM designs for allowing ion/ion interactions and other manipulations with dual polarities at 4 Torr are presented. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Aneesh Prabhakaran
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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24
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Deng L, Garimella SVB, Hamid AM, Webb IK, Attah IK, Norheim RV, Prost SA, Zheng X, Sandoval JA, Baker ES, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Compression Ratio Ion Mobility Programming (CRIMP) Accumulation and Compression of Billions of Ions for Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Using Traveling Waves in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM). Anal Chem 2017; 89:6432-6439. [PMID: 28497957 PMCID: PMC5627995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of a traveling wave (TW) based compression ratio ion mobility programming (CRIMP) approach within structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) that enables both greatly enlarged trapped ion charge capacities and also efficient ion population compression for use in ion mobility (IM) separations. Ion accumulation is conducted in a SLIM serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) region after which CRIMP compression allows the large ion populations to be "squeezed". The SLIM SUPER IM module has two regions, one operating with conventional traveling waves (i.e., traveling trap; TT region) and the second having an intermittently pausing or "stuttering" TW (i.e., stuttering trap; ST region). When a stationary voltage profile was used in the ST region, ions are blocked at the TT-ST interface and accumulated in the TT region and then can be released by resuming a conventional TW in the ST region. The population can also be compressed using CRIMP by the repetitive merging of ions distributed over multiple TW bins in the TT region into a single TW bin in the ST region. Ion accumulation followed by CRIMP compression provides the basis for the use of larger ion populations for IM separations. We show that over 109 ions can be accumulated with high efficiency in the present device and that the extent of subsequent compression is only limited by the space charge capacity of the trapping region. Approximately 5 × 109 charges introduced from an electrospray ionization source were trapped for a 40 s accumulation period, more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the previously reported charge capacity of an ion funnel trap. Importantly, we show that extended ion accumulation in conjunction with CRIMP compression and multiple passes through the serpentine path provides the basis for a highly desirable combination of ultrahigh sensitivity and SLIM SUPER high-resolution IM separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Ian K. Webb
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Isaac K. Attah
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A. Prost
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy A. Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
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25
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Deng L, Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Hamid AM, Zheng X, Norheim RV, Prost SA, Anderson GA, Sandoval JA, Baker ES, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Serpentine Ultralong Path with Extended Routing (SUPER) High Resolution Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-MS using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4628-4634. [PMID: 28332832 PMCID: PMC5627996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) separations have a broad range of analytical applications, but insufficient resolution often limits their utility. Here, we report on ion mobility separations in a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) traveling wave (TW) ion mobility (IM) module in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). Ions were confined in the SLIM by rf fields in conjunction with a DC guard bias, enabling essentially lossless TW transmission over greatly extended paths. The extended routing utilized multiple passes (e.g., ∼1094 m over 81 passes through the 13.5 m serpentine path) and was facilitated by the introduction of a lossless ion switch that allowed ions to be directed to either the MS detector or for another pass through the serpentine separation region, allowing theoretically unlimited IM path lengths. The multipass SUPER IM-MS provided resolution approximately proportional to the square root of the number of passes (or total path length). More than 30-fold higher IM resolution (∼340 vs ∼10) for Agilent tuning mix m/z 622 and 922 ions was achieved for 40 passes compared to commercially available drift tube IM and other TWIM-based platforms. An initial evaluation of the isomeric sugars lacto-N-hexaose and lacto-N-neohexaose showed the isomeric structures to be baseline resolved, and a new conformational feature for lacto-N-neohexaose was revealed after 9 passes. The new SLIM SUPER high resolution TWIM platform has broad utility in conjunction with MS and is expected to enable a broad range of previously challenging or intractable separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A. Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy A. Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Ibrahim YM, Hamid AM, Deng L, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Baker ES, Smith RD. New frontiers for mass spectrometry based upon structures for lossless ion manipulations. Analyst 2017; 142:1010-1021. [PMID: 28262893 PMCID: PMC5431593 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) provide a new paradigm for efficient, complex and extended gas phase ion manipulations. SLIM are created from electric fields generated by the application of DC and RF potentials to arrays of electrodes patterned on two parallel surfaces. The electric fields provide lossless ion manipulations, including effective ion transport and storage. SLIM modules have been developed using both constant and oscillatory electric fields (e.g. traveling waves) to affect the ion motion. Ion manipulations demonstrated to date with SLIM include: extended trapping, ion selection, ion dissociation, and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) separations achieving unprecedented ultra high resolution. SLIM thus provide the basis for previously impractical manipulations, such as very long path length ion mobility separations where ions traverse a serpentine path multiple times, as well as new capabilities that extend the utility of these developments based on temporal and spatial compression of ion mobility separations and other ion distributions. The evolution of SLIM devices developed over the last three years is reviewed and we provide examples of various ion manipulations performed, and briefly discuss potential applications and new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Ibrahim YM, Hamid AM, Cox JT, Garimella SVB, Smith RD. Ion Elevators and Escalators in Multilevel Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1972-1977. [PMID: 28208272 PMCID: PMC5470846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe two approaches based upon ion "elevator" and "escalator" components that allow moving ions to different levels in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). Guided by ion motion simulations, we designed elevator and escalator components based upon ion current measurements providing essentially lossless transmission in multilevel designs. The ion elevator design allowed ions to efficiently bridge a 4 mm gap between levels. The component was integrated in a SLIM and coupled to a QTOF mass spectrometer using an ion funnel interface to evaluate the m/z range transmitted as compared to transmission within a level (e.g., in a linear section). The analysis of singly charged ions of m/z 600-2700 produced similar mass spectra for both elevator and straight (linear motion) components. In the ion escalator design, traveling waves (TW) were utilized to transport ions efficiently between two SLIM levels. Ion current measurements and ion mobility (IM) spectrometry analysis illustrated that ions can be transported between TW-SLIM levels with no significant loss of either ions or IM resolution. These developments provide a path for the development of multilevel designs providing, e.g., much longer IM path lengths, more compact designs, and the implementation of much more complex SLIM devices in which, e.g., different levels may operate at different temperatures or with different gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Cox
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Ipsen A. Derivation of the Statistical Distribution of the Mass Peak Centroids of Mass Spectrometers Employing Analog-to-Digital Converters and Electron Multipliers. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2232-2241. [PMID: 28194947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mass peak centroid is a quantity that is at the core of mass spectrometry (MS). However, despite its central status in the field, models of its statistical distribution are often chosen quite arbitrarily and without attempts at establishing a proper theoretical justification for their use. Recent work has demonstrated that for mass spectrometers employing analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and electron multipliers, the statistical distribution of the mass peak intensity can be described via a relatively simple model derived essentially from first principles. Building on this result, the following article derives the corresponding statistical distribution for the mass peak centroids of such instruments. It is found that for increasing signal strength, the centroid distribution converges to a Gaussian distribution whose mean and variance are determined by physically meaningful parameters and which in turn determine bias and variability of the m/z measurements of the instrument. Through the introduction of the concept of "pulse-peak correlation", the model also elucidates the complicated relationship between the shape of the voltage pulses produced by the preamplifier and the mean and variance of the centroid distribution. The predictions of the model are validated with empirical data and with Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ipsen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University , Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.,Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Garimella SVB, Hamid AM, Deng L, Ibrahim YM, Webb IK, Baker ES, Prost SA, Norheim RV, Anderson GA, Smith RD. Squeezing of Ion Populations and Peaks in Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Separations and Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Using Compression Ratio Ion Mobility Programming. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11877-11885. [PMID: 27934097 PMCID: PMC5470847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report an approach for spatial and temporal gas-phase ion population manipulation, wherein we collapse ion distributions in ion mobility (IM) separations into tighter packets providing higher sensitivity measurements in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). We do this for ions moving from a conventional traveling wave (TW)-driven region to a region where the TW is intermittently halted or "stuttered". This approach causes the ion packets spanning a number of TW-created traveling traps (TT) to be redistributed into fewer TT, resulting in spatial compression. The degree of spatial compression is controllable and determined by the ratio of stationary time of the TW in the second region to its moving time. This compression ratio ion mobility programming (CRIMP) approach has been implemented using "structures for lossless ion manipulations" (SLIM) in conjunction with MS. CRIMP with the SLIM-MS platform is shown to provide increased peak intensities, reduced peak widths, and improved signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios with MS detection. CRIMP also provides a foundation for extremely long path length and multipass IM separations in SLIM providing greatly enhanced IM resolution by reducing the detrimental effects of diffusional peak broadening and increasing peak widths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K. Webb
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A. Prost
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Allen SJ, Eaton RM, Bush MF. Analysis of Native-Like Ions Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9118-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Allen
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Rachel M. Eaton
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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31
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Deng L, Ibrahim YM, Hamid AM, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Zheng X, Prost SA, Sandoval JA, Norheim RV, Anderson GA, Tolmachev AV, Baker ES, Smith RD. Ultra-High Resolution Ion Mobility Separations Utilizing Traveling Waves in a 13 m Serpentine Path Length Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Module. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8957-64. [PMID: 27531027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and initial evaluation of a 13 m path length Structures for Lossless Manipulations (SLIM) module for achieving high resolution separations using traveling waves (TW) with ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. The TW SLIM module was fabricated using two mirror-image printed circuit boards with appropriately configured RF, DC, and TW electrodes and positioned with a 2.75 mm intersurface gap. Ions were effectively confined in field-generated conduits between the surfaces by RF-generated pseudopotential fields and moved losslessly through a serpentine path including 44 "U" turns using TWs. The ion mobility resolution was characterized at different pressures, gaps between the SLIM surfaces, and TW and RF parameters. After initial optimization, the SLIM IM-MS module provided about 5-fold higher resolution separations than present commercially available drift tube or traveling wave IM-MS platforms. Peak capacity and peak generation rates achieved were 246 and 370 s(-1), respectively, at a TW speed of 148 m/s. The high resolution achieved in the TW SLIM IM-MS enabled, e.g., isomeric sugars (lacto-N-fucopentaose I and lacto-N-fucopentaose II) to be baseline resolved, and peptides from an albumin tryptic digest were much better resolved than with existing commercial IM-MS platforms. The present work also provides a foundation for the development of much higher resolution SLIM devices based upon both considerably longer path lengths and multipass designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy A Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Hamid AM, Garimella SVB, Ibrahim YM, Deng L, Zheng X, Webb IK, Anderson GA, Prost SA, Norheim RV, Tolmachev AV, Baker ES, Smith RD. Achieving High Resolution Ion Mobility Separations Using Traveling Waves in Compact Multiturn Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8949-8956. [PMID: 27479234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on ion mobility (IM) separations achievable using traveling waves (TW) in a Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) module having a 44 cm path length and 16 90° turns. The performance of the TW-SLIM module was evaluated for ion transmission and IM separations with different RF, TW parameters, and SLIM surface gaps in conjunction with mass spectrometry. In this work, TWs were created by the transient and dynamic application of DC potentials. The module demonstrated highly robust performance and, even with 16 closely spaced turns, achieving IM resolution performance and ion transmission comparable to a similar straight path module. We found an IM peak capacity of ∼31 and peak generation rate of 780 s(-1) for TW speeds of ∼80 m/s using the current multi-turn TW-SLIM module. The separations achieved for isomers of peptides and tetrasaccharides were found to be comparable to those from a ∼0.9-m drift tube-based IM-MS platform operated at the same pressure (4 Torr). The combined attributes of flexible design, low voltage requirements and lossless ion transmission through multiple turns for the present TW-SLIM module provides a basis for SLIM devices capable of achieving much greater IM resolution via greatly extended ion path lengths and using compact serpentine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Deng L, Ibrahim YM, Baker ES, Aly NA, Hamid AM, Zhang X, Zheng X, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Prost SA, Sandoval JA, Norheim RV, Anderson GA, Tolmachev AV, Smith RD. Ion Mobility Separations of Isomers based upon Long Path Length Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Combined with Mass Spectrometry. ChemistrySelect 2016; 1:2396-2399. [PMID: 28936476 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omic measurements, including proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics, are increasingly transforming our ability to characterize and understand biological systems. Multi-omic analyses and the desire for comprehensive measurement coverage presently have limitations due to the chemical diversity and range of abundances of biomolecules in complex samples. Advances addressing these challenges increasingly are based upon the ability to quickly separate, react and otherwise manipulate sample components for analysis by MS. Here we report on a new approach using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) to enable long serpentine path ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) separations followed by MS analyses. This approach provides previously unachieved resolution for biomolecular species, in conjunction with more effective ion utilization, and a basis for greatly improved characterization of very small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Noor A Aly
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Jeremy A Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
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Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Norheim RV, Baker ES, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. A Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) Module for Collision Induced Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1285-8. [PMID: 27098413 PMCID: PMC4899216 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A collision induced dissociation (CID) structure for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) module is introduced and coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. The SLIM CID module was mounted after an ion mobility (IM) drift tube to enable IM/CID/MS studies. The efficiency of CID was studied by using the model peptide leucine enkephalin. CID efficiencies (62%) compared favorably with other beam-type CID methods. Additionally, the SLIM CID module was used to fragment a mixture of nine peptides after IM separation. This work also represents the first application of SLIM in the 0.3 to 0.5 Torr pressure regime, an order of magnitude lower in pressure than previously studied. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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35
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Garimella SVB, Ibrahim YM, Tang K, Webb IK, Baker ES, Tolmachev AV, Chen TC, Anderson GA, Smith RD. Spatial Ion Peak Compression and its Utility in Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1128-35. [PMID: 27052738 PMCID: PMC4955798 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept for ion spatial peak compression is described, and discussed primarily in the context of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Using theoretical and numerical methods, the effects of using non-constant (e.g., linearly varying) electric fields on ion distributions (e.g., an ion mobility peak) is evaluated both in the physical and temporal domains. The application of a linearly decreasing electric field in conjunction with conventional drift field arrangements is shown to lead to a reduction in IMS physical peak width. When multiple ion packets (i.e., peaks) in a selected mobility window are simultaneously subjected to such fields, there is ion packet compression (i.e., a reduction in peak widths for all species). This peak compression occurs with only a modest reduction of resolution, which can be quickly recovered as ions drift in a constant field after the compression event. Compression also yields a significant increase in peak intensities. Ion mobility peak compression can be particularly useful for mitigating diffusion-driven peak broadening over very long path length separations (e.g., in cyclic multi-pass arrangements), and for achieving higher S/N and IMS resolution over a selected mobility range. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Keqi Tang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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36
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Garimella SVB, Ibrahim YM, Webb IK, Ipsen AB, Chen TC, Tolmachev AV, Baker ES, Anderson GA, Smith RD. Ion manipulations in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM): computational evaluation of a 90° turn and a switch. Analyst 2016; 140:6845-52. [PMID: 26289106 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of redirecting ions through 90° turns and 'tee' switches utilizing Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) was evaluated at 4 Torr pressure using SIMION simulations and theoretical methods. The nature of pseudo-potential in SLIM-tee structures has also been explored. Simulations show that 100% transmission efficiency in SLIM devices can be achieved with guard electrode voltages lower than ∼10 V. The ion plume width in these conditions is ∼1.6 mm while at lower guard voltages lead to greater plume widths. Theoretical calculations show marginal loss of ion mobility resolving power (<5%) during ion turn due to the finite plume widths (i.e. race track effect). More robust SLIM designs that reduce the race track effect while maximizing ion transmission are also reported. In addition to static turns, the dynamic switching of ions into orthogonal channels was also evaluated both using SIMION ion trajectory simulations and experimentally. Simulations and theoretical calculations were in close agreement with experimental results and were used to develop more refined SLIM designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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37
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Ewing MA, Glover MS, Clemmer DE. Hybrid ion mobility and mass spectrometry as a separation tool. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1439:3-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen TC, Ibrahim YM, Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Zhang X, Hamid AM, Deng L, Karnesky WE, Prost SA, Sandoval JA, Norheim RV, Anderson GA, Tolmachev AV, Baker ES, Smith RD. Mobility-Selected Ion Trapping and Enrichment Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1728-33. [PMID: 26752262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The integration of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with mass spectrometry (MS) and the ability to trap ions in IMS-MS measurements is of great importance for performing reactions, accumulating ions, and increasing analytical measurement sensitivity. The development of Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) offers the potential for ion manipulations in an extended and more effective manner, while opening opportunities for many more complex sequences of manipulations. Here, we demonstrate an ion separation and trapping module and a method based upon SLIM that consists of a linear mobility ion drift region, a switch/tee and a trapping region that allows the isolation and accumulation of mobility-separated species. The operation and optimization of the SLIM switch/tee and trap are described and demonstrated for the enrichment of the low abundance ions. A linear improvement in ion intensity was observed with the number of trapping/accumulation events using the SLIM trap, illustrating its potential for enhancing the sensitivity of low abundance or targeted species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William E Karnesky
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy A Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation
Development, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Christopher J. Pulliam
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation
Development, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, W.
Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation
Development, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907
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40
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Hamid AM, Ibrahim YM, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Deng L, Chen TC, Anderson GA, Prost SA, Norheim RV, Tolmachev AV, Smith RD. Characterization of Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Separations in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11301-8. [PMID: 26510005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development and characterization of a traveling wave (TW)-based Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (TW-SLIM) module for ion mobility separations (IMS). The TW-SLIM module uses parallel arrays of rf electrodes on two closely spaced surfaces for ion confinement, where the rf electrodes are separated by arrays of short electrodes, and using these TWs can be created to drive ion motion. In this initial work, TWs are created by the dynamic application of dc potentials. The capabilities of the TW-SLIM module for efficient ion confinement, lossless ion transport, and ion mobility separations at different rf and TW parameters are reported. The TW-SLIM module is shown to transmit a wide mass range of ions (m/z 200-2500) utilizing a confining rf waveform (∼1 MHz and ∼300 Vp-p) and low TW amplitudes (<20 V). Additionally, the short TW-SLIM module achieved resolutions comparable to existing commercially available low pressure IMS platforms and an ion mobility peak capacity of ∼32 for TW speeds of <210 m/s. TW-SLIM performance was characterized over a wide range of rf and TW parameters and demonstrated robust performance. The combined attributes of the flexible design and low voltage requirements for the TW-SLIM module provide a basis for devices capable of much higher resolution and more complex ion manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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41
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Zhang X, Garimella SVB, Prost SA, Webb IK, Chen TC, Tang K, Tolmachev AV, Norheim RV, Baker ES, Anderson GA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Ion Trapping, Storage, and Ejection in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6010-6. [PMID: 25971536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) module, having electrode arrays patterned on a pair of parallel printed circuit boards (PCB), was constructed and utilized to investigate capabilities for ion trapping at a pressure of 4 Torr. Positive ions were confined by application of RF voltages to a series of inner rung electrodes with alternating phase on adjacent electrodes, in conjunction with positive DC potentials on surrounding guard electrodes on each PCB. An axial DC field was also introduced by stepwise varying the DC potentials applied to the inner rung electrodes to control the ion transport and accumulation inside the ion trapping region. We show that ions can be trapped and accumulated with up to 100% efficiency, stored for at least 5 h with no significant losses, and then could be rapidly ejected from the SLIM trap. The present results provide a foundation for the development of much more complex SLIM devices that facilitate extended ion manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Keqi Tang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C. May
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical
Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research
and Education , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical
Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research
and Education , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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43
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Chen TC, Webb IK, Prost SA, Harrer MB, Norheim RV, Tang K, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Rectangular ion funnel: a new ion funnel interface for structures for lossless ion manipulations. Anal Chem 2014; 87:716-22. [PMID: 25409343 PMCID: PMC4287841 DOI: 10.1021/ac503564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Structures for lossless ion manipulations
(SLIM) have recently
demonstrated the ability for near lossless ion focusing, transfer,
and trapping in subatmospheric pressure regions. While lossless ion
manipulations are advantageously applied to the applications of ion
mobility separations and gas phase reactions, ion introduction through
ring electrode ion funnels or more conventional ion optics to SLIM
can involve discontinuities in electric fields or other perturbations
that result in ion losses. In this work, we developed and investigated
a new funnel design that aims to seamlessly couple to SLIM at the
funnel exit. This rectangular ion funnel (RIF) was initially evaluated
by ion simulations, fabricated utilizing printed circuit board technology,
and tested experimentally. The RIF was integrated to a SLIM-time of
flight (TOF) MS system, and the operating parameters, including RF,
DC bias of the RIF electrodes, and electric fields for effectively
interfacing with a SLIM, were characterized. The RIF provided a 2-fold
sensitivity increase without significant discrimination over a wide m/z range and well matched to that of SLIM,
along with greatly improved SLIM operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Tolmachev AV, Chen TC, Zhang X, Cox JT, Norheim R, Prost S, LaMarche B, Anderson GA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Mobility-resolved ion selection in uniform drift field ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry: dynamic switching in structures for lossless ion manipulations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9632-7. [PMID: 25222548 PMCID: PMC4188271 DOI: 10.1021/ac502139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) module that allows ion mobility separations and the switching of ions between alternative drift paths is described. The SLIM switch component has a "Tee" configuration and allows the efficient switching of ions between a linear path and a 90-degree bend. By controlling switching times, ions can be efficiently directed to an alternative channel as a function of their mobilities. In the initial evaluation the switch is used in a static mode and shown compatible with high performance ion mobility separations at 4 Torr. In the dynamic mode, we show that mobility-selected ions can be switched into the alternative channel, and that various ion species can be independently selected based on their mobilities for time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) IMS detection and mass analysis. This development also provides the basis of, for example, the selection of specific mobilities for storage and accumulation, and the key component of modules for the assembly of SLIM devices enabling much more complex sequences of ion manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Webb
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V. Tolmachev
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Cox
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph
V. Norheim
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer
A. Prost
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian LaMarche
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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45
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Tolmachev A, Webb IK, Ibrahim YM, Garimella SV, Zhang X, Anderson GA, Smith RD. Characterization of ion dynamics in structures for lossless ion manipulations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9162-8. [PMID: 25152178 PMCID: PMC4175726 DOI: 10.1021/ac502054p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulation (SLIM) represent a novel class of ion optical devices based upon electrodes patterned on planar surfaces, and relying on a combined action of radiofrequency and DC electric fields and specific buffer gas density conditions. Initial experimental studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the SLIM concept. This report offers an in-depth consideration of key ion dynamics properties in such devices based upon ion optics theory and computational modeling. The SLIM devices investigated are formed by two surfaces, each having an array of radiofrequency (RF) "rung" electrodes, bordered by DC "guard" electrodes. Ion motion is confined by the RF effective potential in the direction orthogonal to the boards and limited or controlled in the transversal direction by the guard DC potentials. Ions can be efficiently trapped and stored in SLIM devices where the confinement of ions can be "soft" in regard to the extent of collisional activation, similarly to RF-only multipole ion guides and traps. The segmentation of the RF rung electrodes and guards along the axis makes it possible to apply static or transient electric field profiles to stimulate ion transfer within a SLIM. In the case of a linear DC gradient applied to RF rungs and guards, a virtually uniform electric field can be created along the axis of the device, enabling high quality ion mobility separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey
V. Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K. Webb
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V.B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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46
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Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Tolmachev AV, Chen TC, Zhang X, Norheim RV, Prost SA, LaMarche B, Anderson GA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Experimental evaluation and optimization of structures for lossless ion manipulations for ion mobility spectrometry with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9169-76. [PMID: 25152066 PMCID: PMC4165449 DOI: 10.1021/ac502055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the performance of structures for lossless ion manipulation (SLIM) as a means for transmitting ions and performing ion mobility separations (IMS). Ions were successfully transferred from an electrospray ionization (ESI) source to the TOF MS analyzer by means of a linear SLIM, demonstrating lossless ion transmission and an alternative arrangement including a 90° turn. First, the linear geometry was optimized for radial confinement by tuning RF on the central "rung" electrodes and potentials on the DC-only guard electrodes. Selecting an appropriate DC guard bias (2-6 V) and RF amplitude (≥160 V(p-p) at 750 kHz) resulted in the greatest ion intensities. Close to ideal IMS resolving power was maintained over a significant range of applied voltages. Second, the 90° turn was optimized for radial confinement by tuning RF on the rung electrodes and DC on the guard electrodes. However, both resolving power and ion transmission showed a dependence on these voltages, and the best conditions for both were >300 V(p-p) RF (685 kHz) and 7-11 V guard DC bias. Both geometries provide IMS resolving powers at the theoretical limit (R ~ 58), showing that degraded resolution from a "racetrack" effect from turning around a corner can be successfully avoided, and the capability also was maintained for essentially lossless ion transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Webb
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V. Tolmachev
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A. Prost
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian LaMarche
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological
Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 3335 Innovation
Ave. (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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