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Levina A, Wang B, Lay PA. Urea Gel Electrophoresis in Studies of Conformational Changes of Transferrin on Binding and Transport of Non-Ferric Metal Ions. Gels 2021; 8:19. [PMID: 35049554 PMCID: PMC8774473 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf) is a crucial transporter protein for Fe(III), but its biological role in binding other metal ions and their delivery into cells remain highly controversial. The first systematic exploration of the effect of non-Fe(III) metal ion binding on Tf conformation has been performed by urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (urea-PAGE), which is commonly used for nucleic acids but rarely for proteins. Closed Tf conformation, similar to that caused by Fe(III)-Tf binding, was formed for In(III), V(III) or Cr(III) binding to Tf. In all these cases, metal distribution between Tf lobes and/or the rate of metal release under acidic conditions differed from that of Fe(III)-Tf. By contrast, Ga(III) and V(IV) did not form closed Tf conformation under urea-PAGE conditions. Apart from Fe(III), only In(III) was able to increase the proportion of closed Tf conformation in whole serum. These results suggest that Tf is unlikely to act as a natural carrier of any metal ion, except Fe(III), into cells but can reduce toxicity of exogenous metal ions by binding them in serum and preventing their entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Boer Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Analytical, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Beraldo H. Pharmacological applications of non-radioactive indium(III) complexes: A field yet to be explored. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fernandes MA, Hanck-Silva G, Baveloni FG, Oshiro Junior JA, de Lima FT, Eloy JO, Chorilli M. A Review of Properties, Delivery Systems and Analytical Methods for the Characterization of Monomeric Glycoprotein Transferrin. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:399-410. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1743639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Aires Fernandes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Hanck-Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciele Garcia Baveloni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Tita de Lima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josimar O. Eloy
- College of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kaltashov IA, El Khoury A, Ren C, Savinov SN. Ruthenium coordination preferences in imidazole-containing systems revealed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and molecular modeling: Possible cues for the surprising stability of the Ru (III)/tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane/imidazole complexes. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4435. [PMID: 31508870 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium is a platinoid that exhibits a range of unique chemical properties in solution, which are exploited in a variety of applications, including luminescent probes, anticancer therapies, and artificial photosynthesis. This paper focuses on a recently demonstrated ability of this metal in its +3 oxidation state to form highly stable complexes with tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (H2 NC(CH2 OH)3 , Tris-base or T) and imidazole (Im) ligands, where a single RuIII cation is coordinated by two molecules of each T and Im. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) is used to characterize RuIII complexes formed by placing a RuII complex [(NH3 )5 RuII Cl]Cl in a Tris buffer under aerobic conditions. The most abundant ionic species in ESI MS represent mononuclear complexes containing an oxidized form of the metal, ie, [Xn RuIII T2 - 2H]+ , where X could be an additional T (n = 1) or NH3 (n = 0-2). Di- and tri-metal complexes also give rise to a series of abundant ions, with the highest mass ion representing a metal complex with an empirical formula Ru3 C24 O21 N6 H66 (interpreted as cyclo(T2 RuO)3 , a cyclic oxo-bridged structure, where the coordination sphere of each metal is completed by two T ligands). The empirical formulae of the binuclear species are consistent with the structures representing acyclic fragments of cyclo(T2 RuO)3 with addition of various combinations of ammonia and dioxygen as ligands. Addition of histidine in large molar excess to this solution results in complete disassembly of poly-nuclear complexes and gives rise to a variety of ionic species in the ESI mass spectrum with a general formula [RuIII Hisk Tm (NH3 )n - 2H]+ , where k = 0 to 2, m = 0 to 3, and n = 0 to 4. Ammonia adducts are present for all observed combinations of k and m, except k = m = 2, suggesting that [His2 RuIII T2 - 2H]+ represents a complex with a fully completed coordination sphere. The observed cornucopia of RuIII complexes formed in the presence of histidine is in stark contrast to the previously reported selective reactivity of imidazole, which interacts with the metal by preserving the RuT2 core and giving rise to a single abundant ruthenium complex (represented by [Im2 RuIII T2 - 2H]+ in ESI mass spectra). Surprisingly, the behavior of a hexa-histidine peptide (HHHHHH) is similar to that of a single imidazole, rather than a single histidine amino acid: The RuT2 core is preserved, with the following ionic species observed in ESI mass spectra: [HHHHHH·(RuIII T2 )m - (3m-1)H]+ (m = 1-3). The remarkable selectivity of the imidazole interaction with the RuIII T2 core is rationalized using energetic considerations at the quantum mechanical level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anton El Khoury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chengfeng Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sergey N Savinov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Ren C, Bobst CE, Kaltashov IA. Exploiting His-Tags for Absolute Quantitation of Exogenous Recombinant Proteins in Biological Matrices: Ruthenium as a Protein Tracer. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7189-7198. [PMID: 31083917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal labeling and ICP MS detection offer an alternative to commonly accepted techniques that are currently used to quantitate exogenous proteins in vivo, but modifying the protein surface with metal-containing groups inevitably changes its biophysical properties and is likely to affect trafficking and biodistribution. The approach explored in this work takes advantage of the presence of hexa-histidine tags in many recombinant proteins, which have high affinity toward a range of metals. While many divalent metals bind to poly histidine sequences reversibly, oxidation of imidazole-bound CoII or RuII is known to result in a dramatic increase of the binding strength. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using imidazole-bound metal oxidation as a means of attaching permanent tags to polyhistidine segments, a synthetic peptide YPDFEDYWMKHHHHHH was used as a model. RuII can be oxidized under ambient (aerobic) conditions, allowing any oxidation damage to the peptide beyond the metal-binding site to be avoided. The resulting peptide-RuIII complex is very stable, with the single hexa-histidine segment capable of accommodating up to three metal ions. Localization of RuIII within the hexa-histidine segment of the peptide was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. The RuIII/peptide binding appears to be irreversible, with both low- and high-molecular weight biologically relevant scavengers failing to strip the metal from the peptide. Application of this protocol to labeling a recombinant form of an 80 kDa protein transferrin allowed RuIII to be selectively placed within the His-tag segment. The metal label remained stable in the presence of ubiquitous scavengers and did not interfere with the receptor binding, while allowing the protein to be readily detected in serum at sub-nM concentrations. The results of this work suggest that ruthenium lends itself as an ideal metal tag for selective labeling of His-tag containing recombinant proteins to enable their sensitive detection and quantitation with ICP MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Ren
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Cedric E Bobst
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Zheng M, Lu J, Zhao D. Effects of starch-coating of magnetite nanoparticles on cellular uptake, toxicity and gene expression profiles in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:930-941. [PMID: 29227944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have been used in many fields. To prevent particle agglomeration, stabilizers or coatings are often required. While such coatings have been shown to enhance performances, the environmental impact or toxicity of stabilized or coated Fe3O4 NPs remain poorly understood. In an effort to understand the impacts of such coatings on the toxicity of Fe3O4 NPs, we used the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technique to characterize the gill and liver transcriptomes from adult zebrafish when exposed to bare and starch-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs for 7days, demonstrating remarkable differences in gene expression profiles, also known as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiles, in both tissues. Bare Fe3O4 NPs exerted greater toxicity than starch-coated Fe3O4 NPs in gill; in contrast, starch-Fe3O4 NPs triggered more severe damage on liver, though both bare and stabilized NPs appeared to share similar regulatory mechanisms. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions using six genes each for the two tissues verified the RNA-seq results. The surface coatings play an important role in determining the nanoparticle toxicity, which in turn modulate cell uptake and biological responses, consequently impacting the potential safety and efficacy of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Nynca J, Dietrich MA, Adamek M, Steinhagen D, Bilińska B, Hejmej A, Ciereszko A. Purification, characterization and expression of transferrin from rainbow trout seminal plasma. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 208-209:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Antic B, Boskovic M, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Ming Y, Zhang H, Bozin ES, Janković D, Spasojevic V, Vranjes-Djuric S. Complementary approaches for the evaluation of biocompatibility of 90Y-labeled superparamagnetic citric acid (Fe,Er) 3O 4 coated nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:157-164. [PMID: 28415449 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of immense interest for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine. Design and development of new iron oxide-based MNPs for such applications is of rather limited breadth without reliable and sensitive methods to determine their levels in body tissues. Commonly used methods, such as ICP, are quite problematic, due to the inability to decipher the origin of the detected iron, i.e. whether it originates from the MNPs or endogenous from tissues and bodily fluids. One of the approaches to overcome this problem and to increase reliability of tracing MNPs is to partially substitute iron ions in the MNPs with Er. Here, we report on the development of citric acid coated (Fe,Er)3O4 nanoparticles and characterization of their physico-chemical and biological properties by utilization of various complementary approaches. The synthesized MNPs had a narrow (6-7nm) size distribution, as consistently seen in atomic pair distribution function, transmission electron microscopy, and DC magnetization measurements. The particles were found to be superparamagnetic, with a pronounced maximum in measured zero-field cooled magnetization at around 90K. Reduction in saturation magnetization due to incorporation of 1.7% Er3+ into the Fe3O4 matrix was clearly observed. From the biological standpoint, citric acid coated (Fe,Er)3O4 NPs were found to induce low toxicity both in human cell fibroblasts and in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Biodistribution pattern of the MNPs after intravenous administration in healthy Wistar rats was followed by the radiotracer method, revealing that 90Y-labeled MNPs were predominantly found in liver (75.33% ID), followed by lungs (16.70% ID) and spleen (2.83% ID). Quantitative agreement with these observations was obtained by ICP-MS elemental analysis using Er as the detected tracer. Based on the favorable physical, chemical and biological characteristics, citric acid coated (Fe,Er)3O4 MNPs could be further considered for the potential application as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent. This work also demonstrates that combined application of these techniques is a promising tool for studies of pharmacokinetics of the new MNPs in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratislav Antic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Boskovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yue Ming
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Emil S Bozin
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Drina Janković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Spasojevic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Vranjes-Djuric
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Xu S, Kaltashov IA. Evaluation of Gallium as a Tracer of Exogenous Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complexes for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:2025-2032. [PMID: 27619921 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma glycoprotein that generates significant interest in the drug delivery community because of its potential for delivery of antiretroviral medicines with high selectivity to macrophages and monocytes, the latent reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus. As is the case with other therapies that exploit transport networks for targeted drug delivery, the success of the design and optimization of Hp-based therapies will critically depend on the ability to accurately localize and quantitate Hp-drug conjugates on the varying and unpredictable background of endogenous proteins having identical structure. In this work, we introduce a new strategy for detecting and quantitating exogenous Hp and Hp-based drugs with high sensitivity in complex biological samples using gallium as a tracer of this protein and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) as a method of detection. Metal label is introduced by reconstituting hemoglobin (Hb) with gallium(III)-protoporphyrin IX followed by its complexation with Hp. Formation of the Hp/Hb assembly and its stability are evaluated with native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Both stable isotopes of Ga give rise to an abundant signal in ICP MS of a human plasma sample spiked with the metal-labeled Hp/Hb complex. The metal label signal exceeds the spectral interferences' contributions by more than an order of magnitude even with the concentration of the exogenous protein below 10 nM, the level that is more than adequate for the planned pharmacokinetic studies of Hp-based therapeutics. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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