1
|
Alvarez-Martin A, Quanico J, Scovacricchi T, Avranovich Clerici E, Baggerman G, Janssens K. Chemical Mapping of the Degradation of Geranium Lake in Paint Cross Sections by MALDI-MSI. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37994904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has become a powerful method to extract spatially resolved chemical information in complex materials. This study provides the first use of MALDI-MSI to define spatial-temporal changes in oil paints. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of oil paints, the sample preparation had to be optimized to prevent molecules from delocalizing. Here, we present a new protocol for the layer-specific analysis of oil paint cross sections achieving a lateral resolution of 10 μm and without losing ionization efficiency due to topographic effects. The efficacy of this method was investigated in oil paint samples containing a mixture of two historic organic pigments, geranium lake and lead white, a mixture often employed in the work of painter Vincent Van Gogh. This methodology not only allows for spatial visualization of the molecules responsible for the pink hue of the paint but also helps to elucidate the chemical changes behind the discoloration of paintings with this composition. The results demonstrate that this approach provides valuable molecular compositional information about the degradation pathways of pigments in specific paint layers and their interaction with the binding medium and other paint components and with light over time. Since a spatial correlation between molecular species and the visual pattern of the discoloration pattern can be made, we expect that mass spectrometry imaging will become highly relevant in future degradation studies of many more historical pigments and paints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alvarez-Martin
- AXIS, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Teresa Scovacricchi
- AXIS, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ermanno Avranovich Clerici
- AXIS, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Koen Janssens
- AXIS, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zahertar S, Torun H, Sun C, Markwell C, Dong Y, Yang X, Fu Y. Flexible Platform of Acoustofluidics and Metamaterials with Decoupled Resonant Frequencies. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4344. [PMID: 35746129 PMCID: PMC9228408 DOI: 10.3390/s22124344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The key challenge for a lab-on-chip (LOC) device is the seamless integration of key elements of biosensing and actuation (e.g., biosampling or microfluidics), which are conventionally realised using different technologies. In this paper, we report a convenient and efficient LOC platform fabricated using an electrode patterned flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) pressed onto a piezoelectric film coated substrate, which can implement multiple functions of both acoustofluidics using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and sensing functions using electromagnetic metamaterials, based on the same electrode on the FPCB. We explored the actuation capability of the integrated structure by pumping a sessile droplet using SAWs in the radio frequency range. We then investigated the hybrid sensing capability (including both physical and chemical ones) of the structure employing the concept of electromagnetic split-ring resonators (SRRs) in the microwave frequency range. The originality of this sensing work is based on the premise that the proposed structure contains three completely decoupled resonant frequencies for sensing applications and each resonance has been used as a separate physical or a chemical sensor. This feature compliments the acoustofluidic capability and is well-aligned with the goals set for a successful LOC device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Zahertar
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
- Zepler Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Christopher Markwell
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Yinhua Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, China;
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dugan LD, Bier ME. Mechanospray Ionization MS of Proteins Including in the Folded State and Polymers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:772-782. [PMID: 35420806 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanospray ionization (MoSI) is a technique that produces ions directly from solution-like electrospray ionization (ESI) but without the need of a high voltage. In MoSI, mechanical vibrations aerosolize solution phase analytes, whereby the resulting microdroplets can be directed into the inlet orifice of a mass spectrometer. In this work, MoSI is applied to biomolecules up to 80 kDa in mass in both denatured and native conditions as well as polymers up to 12 kDa in mass. The various MoSI devices used in these analyses were all comprised of a piezoelectric annulus attached to a central metallic disk containing an array of 4 to 7 μm diameter holes. The devices vibrated in the 100-170 kHz range to generate a beam of microdroplets that ultimately resulted in ion formation. A linear quadrupole ion trap (LIT) and orbitrap mass spectrometer were used in the analysis to investigate higher mass proteins at both native (folded) and denatured (unfolded) conditions. MoSI native mass spectra of proteins acquired on the orbitrap and LIT instrument demonstrated that proteins could remain intact and in a folded state. In the case of native MS of holomyoglobin, the intact folded protein remained mostly bound noncovalently to the heme group, and typically, the spectra showed reduced loss of the heme group by MoSI as compared to ESI. In both non-native and native protein analyses examples, broader often multimodal distributions to lower charge states were observed. When using the LIT instrument, a significant increase in the relative abundance of dimers was observed by MoSI as compared to ESI. The softness of the MoSI technique was evidenced by the lack of fragmentation, the formation of dimers as also noted by others ( J. Mass Spectrom. 2016, 424-429) and under native conditions, the retention of proteins in one or more presumed folded structures and for holomyoglobin the high retention of the heme group. When analyzing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG), MoSI also generated a broader distribution to lower charge states than ESI. By using the improved separation of peaks at lower charge states and all the charge states available, MoSI data should provide an improved ionization method to obtain more accurate mass and dispersity values for some polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Dugan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mark E Bier
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smoluch M, Sobczyk J, Szewczyk I, Karaszkiewicz P, Silberring J. Mass spectrometry in art conservation-With focus on paintings. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021:e21767. [PMID: 34870867 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of historic artifacts has been a multidisciplinary field from its very beginning. Traditionally, it has been and still is associated with the history of art. It applies knowledge from technical and basic sciences, adapting their solutions to its goals. At present, however, a new tendency is clearly emerging-scientific research is starting to play an increasingly important role not only as a service, but also by proposing new solutions both in the traditional conservation areas and in new areas of conservation activities. The above trend opens up new perspectives for the field of preservation of our heritage but may also create new threats. Therefore, the conservators' caution in introducing new technologies should always be justified; after all, they are responsible for the effects of any activities on the historic objects. This, quite selective review, discusses application of mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of various components that are important to the conservators of our heritage with particular focus on paintings. The text also contains some basic knowledge of technical details to introduce the methodology to a broader group of professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Szewczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Karaszkiewicz
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Synthesis and characterization of two water stable coordination polymers with better photocatalytic property towards the organic pollutant in waste water. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Astefanei A, van den Berg KJ, Burnstock A, Corthals G. Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulization-Mass Spectrometry as a New Tool to Investigate the Water Sensitivity Behavior of 20th Century Oil Paints. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:444-454. [PMID: 33296200 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive surfaces of many unvarnished 20th century oil paintings are of great concern for conservators and collection keepers. They may show degradation problems such as paint delamination, dripping, and soft and sticky paint and pose challenges for cleaning due to solvent sensitivity. We report for the first time the use of an innovative ambient ionization technique, surface acoustic wave nebulization-mass spectrometry (SAWN-MS), for the identification and characterization of fatty acids, dicarboxylic species and glycerides in water-sensitive modern oil paints. The composition of 10 relevant Winsor and Newton 1964-1965 paint swatches that present different degrees of water sensitivity and two paint samples from a painting by the British artist Francis Bacon were studied. Principal component analysis was used for SAWN-MS data classification. Electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS was used as control method, specifically to compare the obtained ratios of markers of interest by the two ionization techniques. The results obtained by both ESI-MS and SAWN-MS are correlated and discussed in a broader context including the information on the oil media obtained by gas chromatography (GC-MS) and also on the inorganic materials and salts characterized using a combination of methods in previous reports on samples from the same manufacturer. SAWN-MS was found to be a suitable tool for the determination of soluble organic constituents present in the paints. The method provides an indication of the level of oxidation and hydrolysis of the paint film by monitoring specific markers such as free palmitic and stearic acids, azelaic acid, monoacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols. The data showed that a higher level of water sensitivity coupled with a high level of oxidation and hydrolysis is linked to higher dicarboxylic acid, diacyl- and triacylglyceride content and lower levels of short chain fatty acids. The data obtained by SAWN-MS provided a good correlation between the monitored species and the degree of water sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Astefanei
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park, 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Jan van den Berg
- Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands (RCE), Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Conservation and Restoration, Faculty for the Humanities, University of Amsterdam, Johannes Vermeerplein 1, 1071 DV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aviva Burnstock
- Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, Strand, London, WC2R 0RN, United Kingdom
| | - Garry Corthals
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park, 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sabatini F, Manariti A, Girolamo FD, Bonaduce I, Tozzi L, Rava A, Colombini MP, Lluveras-Tenorio A. Painting on polyurethane foam: “Composizione-Superficie Lunare” by Giulio Turcato. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Pintabona L, Astefanei A, Corthals GL, van Asten AC. Utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulization (SAWN) for the Rapid and Sensitive Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Organic Explosives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2655-2669. [PMID: 31659718 PMCID: PMC6914713 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When considering incident investigations and security checks focused on energetic materials, there is an ongoing need for rapid, on-scene chemical identification. Currently applied methods are not capable of meeting all requirements, and hence, portable mass spectrometry is an interesting alternative although many instrumental challenges still exist. To be able to analyze explosives with mass spectrometry outside the traditional laboratory, suitable ambient ionization methods need to be developed. Ideally such methods are also easily implemented in the field requiring limited to no power sources, gas supplies, flow controllers, and heating devices. For this reason, the potential of SAWN (surface acoustic wave nebulization) for the ambient ionization and subsequent mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of organic explosives was investigated in this study. Excellent sensitivity was observed for nitrate-based organic explosives when operating the MS in negative mode. No dominant adduct peaks were observed for the peroxides TATP and HMTD with SAWN-MS in positive mode. The MS spectra indicate extensive fragmentation of the peroxide explosives even under the mild ionization conditions provided by SAWN. The potential of SAWN-MS was demonstrated with the correct identification of nitrate-based organic explosives in pre- and post-explosion case samples in only a fraction of the time and effort required for the regular laboratory analysis. Results show that SAWN-MS can convincingly identify intact organic energetic compounds and mixtures but that sensitivity is not always sufficient to detect traces of explosives in post-explosion residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pintabona
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Astefanei
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Garry L Corthals
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arian C van Asten
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- CLHC, Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Size distributions of droplets produced by ultrasonic nebulizers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6128. [PMID: 30992484 PMCID: PMC6468117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In many applications where small, similar-sized droplets are needed, ultrasonic nebulizers are employed. Little is known about the mechanism of nebulization, for example about what determines the median droplet size. Even less understood, is the droplet size distribution, which is often simply fitted with a log-normal distribution or assumed to be very narrow. We perform the first systematic study of droplet size distributions for different nebulizer technologies, showing that these distributions can be very well fitted with distributions found for sprays, where the size distribution is completely determined by the corrugation of ligaments and the distribution of ligament sizes. In our case, breakup is believed to be due to pinch-off of Faraday instabilities. The droplet size distribution is then set by the distribution of wavelengths of the standing capillary waves and the roughness of the pinch-off ligaments. We show that different nebulizer technologies produce different size distributions, which we relate to (variation in) wavelengths of the waves that contribute to the droplet formation. We further show that the median droplet size scales with the capillary wavelength, with a proportionality constant that depends only slightly on the type of nebulizer, despite order-of-magnitude differences in other parameters.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Acoustics has a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from noise cancelation to ultrasonic imaging. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in developing acoustic-based methods for biological and biomedical applications. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress in applying acoustofluidic methods (i.e., the fusion of acoustics and microfluidics) to bioanalytical chemistry. We describe the concepts of acoustofluidics and how it can be tailored to different types of bioanalytical applications, including sample concentration, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, label-free cell/particle separation, and fluid manipulation. Examples of each application are given, and the benefits and limitations of these methods are discussed. Finally, our perspectives on the directions that developing solutions should take to address the bottlenecks in the acoustofluidic applications in bioanalytical chemistry are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Usmanov DT, Ashurov KB, Ninomiya S, Hiraoka K, Wada H, Nakano H, Matsumura M, Sanada-Morimura S, Nonami H. Remote sampling mass spectrometry for dry samples: Sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization (PESI) using a gel-loading tip inserted with an acupuncture needle. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:407-413. [PMID: 29235697 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is only applicable to liquid or wet samples. In this study, a sheath-flow PESI method for remote sampling mass spectrometry that can be applied to dry samples was developed. METHODS An acupuncture needle (0.12 mm outer diameter, 700 nm tip diameter) was inserted into a gel-loading tip with a 0.1 mm protrusion out of the tip. Analytes were extracted by filling the latter tip with solvent and softly touching the sample surface for a short time (<1 s). A high voltage was applied to the acupuncture needle, and mass spectra of analytes were obtained by self-aspirating electrospray. RESULTS Dry samples, such as lines of ballpoint pen ink on paper, pharmaceutical tablets, instant coffee, brown rice, and narcotics, gave strong ion signals. The sample carryover was negligible. The sequential electrospray was observed to be similar to conventional PESI. The limits of detection (LODs) for morphine and rhodamine B were found to be of the order of picograms. CONCLUSIONS Because of its simplicity and versatility, sheath-flow PESI is a promising technique for on-site and nondestructive profile analysis of dry samples with bulky and complicated shapes, with a spatial resolution of ~0.3 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilshadbek T Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Durmon Yoli Street 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Khatam B Ashurov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Durmon Yoli Street 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate School, Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Goshi, Kumamoto, 861-1192, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Goshi, Kumamoto, 861-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|