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James VK, Sanders JD, Aizikov K, Fort KL, Grinfeld D, Makarov A, Brodbelt JS. Expanding Orbitrap Collision Cross-Section Measurements to Native Protein Applications Through Kinetic Energy and Signal Decay Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7656-7664. [PMID: 37133913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of collision cross sections (CCS, σ) offers supplemental information about sizes and conformations of ions beyond mass analysis alone. We have previously shown that CCSs can be determined directly from the time-domain transient decay of ions in an Orbitrap mass analyzer as ions oscillate around the central electrode and collide with neutral gas, thus removing them from the ion packet. Herein, we develop the modified hard collision model, thus deviating from the prior FT-MS hard sphere model, to determine CCSs as a function of center-of-mass collision energy in the Orbitrap analyzer. With this model, we aim to increase the upper mass limit of CCS measurement for native-like proteins, characterized by low charge states and presumed to be in more compact conformations. We also combine CCS measurements with collision induced unfolding and tandem mass spectrometry experiments to monitor protein unfolding and disassembly of protein complexes and measure CCSs of ejected monomers from protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia K James
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Kyle L Fort
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen 28199, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Makarov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen 28199, Germany
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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James VK, Sanders JD, Aizikov K, Fort KL, Grinfeld D, Makarov A, Brodbelt JS. Advancing Orbitrap Measurements of Collision Cross Sections to Multiple Species for Broad Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15613-15620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia K. James
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Makarov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen 28199, Germany
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Arslanian AJ, Mismash N, Dearden DV. Collision Cross-Section Measurements of Collision-Induced Dissociation Precursor and Product Ions in an FTICR-MS and an IM-MS: A Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1626-1635. [PMID: 35895596 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustained off-resonance irradiation-cross-sectional areas by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (SORI-CRAFTI) is an FTICR-MS strategy to collisionally activate precursor ions and then measure their ion-neutral collision cross sections, as well as those of selected products, at the same time. We benchmarked SORI-CRAFTI using protonated leucine-enkephalin, to excellent agreement (typically within 1-2%) with previous studies performed via collision-induced dissociation-ion mobility (CID-IMS). SORI-CRAFTI was then applied to alkali metal-cationized leucine-enkephalin and compared with CID-IMS via precursor/product cross-section ratios. Qualitative agreement between SORI-CRAFTI and CID-IMS was excellent (again, usually within 1-2%); however, neither SORI-CRAFTI nor CID-IMS could determine if metalated leucine-enkephalin was present in its canonical or zwitterionic form. When SORI-CRAFTI was used on [2.2.2]-cryptand+Cs+, SORI activation resulted in a 5% decrease in collision cross section, consistent with migration of the externally bound Cs+ into the cryptand's cavity and similar to the cross section observed when electrospraying from an isopropanol-rich solvent. Thus, SORI-CRAFTI is useful for studying gas-phase ion chemistry of small- to medium-sized molecules and host-guest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Arslanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Noah Mismash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - David V Dearden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
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Heravi T, Arslanian AJ, Johnson SD, Dearden DV. Ion Mobility and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Collision Cross Section Techniques Yield Long-Range and Hard-Sphere Results, Respectively. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1644-1652. [PMID: 35960880 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We determined collision cross section (CCS) values for singly and doubly charged cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5-7), decamethylcucurbit[5]uril, and cyclohexanocucurbit[5]uril complexes of alkali metal cations (Li+-Cs+). These hosts are relatively rigid. CCS values calculated using the projection approximation (PA) for computationally modeled structures of a given host are nearly identical for +1 and +2 complexes, with weak metal ion dependence, whereas trajectory method (TM) calculations of CCS for the same structures consistently yield values 7-10% larger for the +2 complexes than for the corresponding +1 complexes and little metal ion dependence. Experimentally, we measured relative CCS values in SF6 for pairs of +1 and +2 complexes of the cucurbituril hosts using the cross-sectional areas by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance ("CRAFTI") method. At center-of-mass collision energies <∼30 eV, CRAFTI CCS values are sensitive to the relative binding energies in the +1 and +2 complexes, but at collision energies >∼40 eV (sufficient that ion decoherence occurs on essentially every collision) that dependence is not evident. Consistent with the PA calculations, these experiments found that the +2 complex ions have CCS values ranging between 94 and 105% of those of their +1 counterparts (increasing with metal ion size). In contrast, but consistent with the TM CCS calculations, ion mobility measurements of the same complexes at close to thermal energies in much less polarizable N2 find the CCS of +2 complexes to be in all cases 9-12% larger than those of the corresponding +1 complexes, with little metal ion dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Andrew J Arslanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Spencer D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - David V Dearden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
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Zhou M, Jiao L, Xu S, Xu Y, Du M, Zhang X, Kong X. A novel method for photon unfolding spectroscopy of protein ions in the gas phase. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:043003. [PMID: 35489914 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new experimental method for photon unfolding spectroscopy of protein ions based on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) mass spectrometer was developed. The method of short-time Fourier transform has been applied here to obtain decay curves of target ions trapped in the cell of the FT ICR mass spectrometer. Based on the decay constants, the collision cross sections (CCSs) of target ions were calculated using the energetic hard-sphere model. By combining a tunable laser to the FT ICR mass spectrometer, the changes of CCSs of the target ions were recorded as a function of the wavelengths; thus, the photon isomerization spectrum was obtained. As one example, the photon isomerization spectrum of [Cyt c + 13H]13+ was recorded as the decay constants relative to the applied wavelengths of the laser in the 410-480 nm range. The spectrum shows a maximum at 426 nm, where an unfolded structure induced by a 4 s irradiation can be deduced. The strong peak at 426 nm was also observed for another ion of [Cyt c + 15H]15+, although some difference at 410 nm between the two spectra was found at the same time. This novel method can be expanded to ultraviolet or infrared region, making the experimental study of wavelength-dependent photon-induced structural variation of a variety of organic or biological molecules possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collage of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Luyang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collage of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shiyin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collage of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collage of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collage of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collage of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Pope BL, Joaquin D, Hickey JT, Mismash N, Heravi T, Shrestha J, Arslanian AJ, Mortensen DN, Dearden DV. Multi-CRAFTI: Relative Collision Cross Sections from Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometric Line Width Measurements. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:131-140. [PMID: 34928604 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Determination of collision cross sections (CCS) using the cross-sectional areas by the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (CRAFTI) technique is limited by the requirement that accurate pressures in the trapping cell of the mass spectrometer must be known. Experiments must also be performed in the energetic hard-sphere regime such that ions decohere after single collisions with neutrals; this limits application to ions that are not much more massive than the neutrals. To mitigate these problems, we have resonantly excited two (or more) ions of different m/z to the same center-of-mass kinetic energy in a single experiment, subjecting them to identical neutral pressures. We term this approach "multi-CRAFTI". This facilitates measurement of relative CCS without requiring knowledge of the pressure and enables determination of absolute CCS using internal standards. Experiments with tetraalkylammonium ions yield CCS in reasonable agreement with the one-ion-at-a-time CRAFTI approach and with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) when differences in collision energetics are taken into account (multi-CRAFTI generally yields smaller CCS than does IMS due to the higher collision energies employed in multi-CRAFTI). Comparison of multi-CRAFTI and IMS results with CCS calculated from structures computed at the M06-2X/6-31+G* level of theory using projection approximation or trajectory method values, respectively, indicates that the computed structures have CCS increasingly smaller than the experimental CCS as m/z increases, implying the computational model overestimates interactions between the alkyl arms. For ions that undergo similar collisional decoherence processes, relative CCS reach constant values at lower collision energies than do absolute CCS values, suggesting a means of increasing the accessible upper m/z limit by employing multi-CRAFTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigham L Pope
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Daniel Joaquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Jacob T Hickey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Noah Mismash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Tina Heravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Jamir Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Andrew J Arslanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Daniel N Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - David V Dearden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
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Heravi T, Shen J, Johnson S, Asplund MC, Dearden DV. Halide Size-Selective Binding by Cucurbit[5]uril-Alkali Cation Complexes in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7803-7812. [PMID: 34492182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report data that suggest complexes with alkali cations capping the portals of cucurbit[5]uril (CB[5]) bind halide anions size-selectively as observed in the gas phase: Cl- binds inside the CB[5] cavity, Br- is observed both inside and outside, and I- binds weakly outside. This is reflected in sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) experiments: all detected Cl- complexes dissociate at higher energies, and Br- complexes exhibit unusual bimodal dissociation behavior, with part of the ion population dissociating at very low energies and the remainder dissociating at significantly higher energies comparable to those observed for Cl-. Decoherence cross sections measured in SF6 using cross-sectional areas by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques for [CB[5] + M2X]+ (M = Na, X = Cl or Br) are comparable to or less than that of [CB[5] + Na]+ over a wide energy range, suggesting that Cl- or Br- in these complexes are bound inside the CB[5] cavity. In contrast, [CB[5] + K2Br]+ has a cross section measured about 20% larger than that of [CB[5] + Na]+, suggesting external binding that may correspond with the weakly bound component seen in SORI. While I- complexes with alkali cation caps were not observed, alkaline earth iodides with CB[5] yielded complexes with cross sections 5-10% larger than that of [CB[5] + Na]+, suggesting externally bound iodide. Geometry optimization at the M06-2X/6-31+G* level of ab initio theory suggests that internal anion binding is energetically favored by approximately 50-200 kJ mol-1 over external binding; thus, the externally bound complexes observed experimentally must be due to large energetic barriers hindering the passing of large anions through the CB[5] portal, preventing access to the interior. Calculation of the barriers to anion egress using MMFF//M06-2X/6-31+G* theory supports this idea and suggests that the size-selective binding we observe is due to anion size-dependent differences in the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jiewen Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Spencer Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Matthew C Asplund
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - David V Dearden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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Fan J, Lian P, Li M, Liu X, Zhou X, Ouyang Z. Ion Mobility Separation Using a Dual-LIT Miniature Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2573-2579. [PMID: 31940171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) has been increasingly used in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for chemical and biological analysis. While implementation of IM with MS usually requires complex instrumentation with delicate controls, in this study we explored the potential of performing IM separation using dual-linear ion traps (LITs) in a miniature mass spectrometer, which was originally developed for performing comprehensive MS/MS scan functions with a simple instrumentation configuration. The IM separation was achieved by ion transfer between the LITs with dynamic gas flow. Its performance was characterized for analysis of a broad range of chemical and biological compounds including small organic compounds such as trisaccharides, raffinose, cellotriose, and melezitose, as well as protein conformers. The demonstrated technique serves as another example of developing powerful hybrid instrument functions with simple configurations and miniaturized sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Penglong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ming Li
- NCS Testing Technology Company, Limited , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Gabelica V, Shvartsburg AA, Afonso C, Barran P, Benesch JL, Bleiholder C, Bowers MT, Bilbao A, Bush MF, Campbell JL, Campuzano ID, Causon T, Clowers BH, Creaser CS, De Pauw E, Far J, Fernandez‐Lima F, Fjeldsted JC, Giles K, Groessl M, Hogan CJ, Hann S, Kim HI, Kurulugama RT, May JC, McLean JA, Pagel K, Richardson K, Ridgeway ME, Rosu F, Sobott F, Thalassinos K, Valentine SJ, Wyttenbach T. Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:291-320. [PMID: 30707468 PMCID: PMC6618043 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a guide to ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties of mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0 ) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N; (ii) ion mobility does not measure molecular surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model; (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method-dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort toward establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM and CNRS, ARNA Laboratory, IECB site2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600PessacFrance
| | | | | | - Perdita Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryManchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Justin L.P. Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida32311
| | | | - Aivett Bilbao
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | | | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre for Analytical ScienceDepartment of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Johann Far
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of BioMedical ResearchInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland and TofwerkThunSwitzerland
| | | | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Jody C. May
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universitaet BerlinInstitute for Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Frédéric Rosu
- CNRS, INSERM and University of BordeauxInstitut Européen de Chimie et BiologiePessacFrance
| | - Frank Sobott
- Antwerp UniversityBiomolecular & Analytical Mass SpectrometryAntwerpBelgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- United Kingdom and Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of LondonLondonWC1E 7HXUK
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
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Sanders JD, Grinfeld D, Aizikov K, Makarov A, Holden DD, Brodbelt JS. Determination of Collision Cross-Sections of Protein Ions in an Orbitrap Mass Analyzer. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5896-5902. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dustin D. Holden
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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