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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Shen C, Li S, Wang H, Chen C. Concept and simulation of a novel dual-layer linear ion trap mass analyzer for micro-electromechanical systems mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2024:14690667241251792. [PMID: 38706254 DOI: 10.1177/14690667241251792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposed a dual-layer linear ion trap mass analyzer (dLIT) based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and stacked-layer structure for the development of MEMS mass spectrometry. Its basic performance and potential capabilities were explored by ion trajectory simulations. The theoretical formulas were modified by implementing multipole expansion. The simulation results were confirmed to be highly consistent with theoretical calculations in multiple aspects, including stability diagram, secular frequencies, and mass linearity, with only a deviation of 1-2%. In the boundary ejection mode, close to 100% ejection was achieved in a single dimension by applying extra quadrupole DC voltage. Preliminary simulation results showed that dLIT can achieve a peak width of ∼2 mass units (full width at half maximum, FWHM) for m/z 60 ions even at pressures as high as 50 Pa. Furthermore, the application of AC frequency scanning mode in dLIT was also evaluated, and preliminary simulation results yield a peak width of 0.3-0.4 mass units (FWHM). The dLIT offered several advantages, including high-precision fabrication at the sub-millimeter scale, excellent high-pressure performance, and a clear physical model. It preliminarily proved to be an ideal mass analyzer for MEMS mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Cheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Youjiang Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangxu Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Han Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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Wang J, Pursell ME, DeVor A, Awoyemi O, Valentine SJ, Li P. Portable mass spectrometry system: instrumentation, applications, and path to 'omics analysis. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200112. [PMID: 36349734 PMCID: PMC10278091 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an information rich analytical technique and plays a key role in various 'omics studies. Standard mass spectrometers are bulky and operate at high vacuum, which hinder their adoption by the broader community and utility in field applications. Developing portable mass spectrometers can significantly expand the application scope and user groups of MS analysis. This review discusses the basics and recent advancements in the development of key components of portable mass spectrometers including ionization source, mass analyzer, detector, and vacuum system. Further, major areas where portable mass spectrometers are applied are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the further development of portable mass spectrometers including the potential benefits for 'omics analysis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Madison E. Pursell
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Amanda DeVor
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Olanrewaju Awoyemi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Szalwinski LJ, Cooks RG. Complex mixture analysis by two-dimensional mass spectrometry using a miniature ion trap. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Vazquez T, Taylor C, Knowlton M, Williams S, Evans-Nguyen T. Enabling Isotope Ratio Measurements on an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1722-1729. [PMID: 32663003 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For portable, remotely operated systems in space and defense, relaxed vacuum requirements are a strong advantage of ion trap mass analyzers. However, ion traps are believed to have insufficient capability for isotope ratio measurement because they fundamentally restrict sampling capacity. Focusing on modifications to the detection sequence of a digitally driven 3D quadrupole ion trap, operating in resonance ejection mode, we investigated improved performance for isotope ratio precision and accuracy. Due to xenon's inert nature and wide span of isotopes, xenon isotope ratios provide an excellent marker of processes (e.g. radioactive decay and planetary atmospheric escape) which would be ideally measured by in situ mass spectrometry. To target xenon isotope ratio analysis specifically, we implemented data acquisition system modifications for enhanced y-axis resolution measurements and signal filtering. In this manner, we show measurement precision improvements from ~±100 0/00 to ~±0.1 0/00 and accuracy improvements from ~30 0/00 to ~0.5 0/00 for our targeted isotopes of interest.
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Szalwinski LJ, Snyder DT, Wells JM, Cooks RG. Triple Resonance Methods to Improve Performance of Ion Trap Precursor and Neutral Loss Scans. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1123-1131. [PMID: 32281791 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments are described that extend the capabilities of quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers operated in the precursor and neutral loss scan mode. The first experiment, a triple resonance precursor ion scan, is used to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and molecular coverage. This method augments the ion trap precursor ion scan with the application of a second excitation frequency to selectively activate first-generation (MS2) product ions as they are formed and produce second-generation (MS3) product ions, which are then mass-selectively ejected with a third auxiliary signal and detected. This single mass analyzer experiment can be equated to performing the sequential precursor ion scan in a multiple analyzer system (Anal. Chem. 1990, 62 (17), 1809-1818). The second capability demonstrated is "frequency tagging", a method used to differentiate between ions ejected due to inherent instability under given trapping conditions, which causes artifacts during these scans, and ions that are resonantly ejected by the product ion ejection frequency. Beat frequencies are used to modulate resonance ejection peaks but conveniently do not modulate boundary ejection peaks. Frequency tagging provides a mechanism to identify the artifact peaks that are a consequence of operating at a high trapping voltage (i.e., low mass cutoff) for optimal precursor/product ion selectivity. The experiment is demonstrated for precursor and for neutral loss scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Szalwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dalton T Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - J Mitchell Wells
- FLIR Systems, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Hou C, Xu Q, Zhang F, Jiang T, Xu W. Toward high pressure miniature protein mass spectrometer: Theory and initial results. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:957-965. [PMID: 31697856 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current miniature mass spectrometers mainly focus on the analyses of organic and small biological molecules. In this study, we explored the possibility of developing high resolution miniature ion trap mass spectrometers for whole protein analysis. Theoretical derivation, GPU assisted ion trajectory simulation, and initial experiments on home-developed "brick" mass spectrometer were carried out. Results show that ion-neutral collisions have smaller damping effect on large protein ions, and a higher buffer gas pressure should be applied during ion trap operations for protein ions. As a result, higher pressure ion trap operation not only benefits instrument miniaturization, but also improves mass resolution of protein ions. Dynamic mass scan rate and generation of low charge state protein ions are also found to be helpful in terms of improving mass resolutions. Theory and conclusions found in this work are also applicable in the development of benchtop mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Hou
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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