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Lévêque P, Queffelec C, Sotin C, Afonso C, Bollengier O, Clouet A, Le Menn E, Marrocchi Y, Schmitz I, Bujoli B. Effect of Nitrogen on the Structure and Composition of Primordial Organic Matter Analogs. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:1281-1295. [PMID: 39045227 PMCID: PMC11261614 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules are ubiquitous in primitive solar system bodies such as comets and asteroids. These primordial organic compounds may have formed in the interstellar medium and in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) before being accreted and further transformed in the parent bodies of meteorites, icy moons, and dwarf planets. The present study describes the composition of primordial organics analogs produced in a laboratory simulator of the PPD (the Nebulotron experiment at the CRPG laboratory) with nitrogen contents varying from N/C < 0.01 to N/C = 0.63. We present the first Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis of these analogs. Several thousands of molecules with masses between m/z 100 and 500 are characterized. The mass spectra show a Gaussian shape with maxima around m/z 250. Highly condensed polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are the most common compounds identified in the samples with lower nitrogen contents. As the amount of nitrogen increases, a dramatic increase of the chemical diversity is observed. Nitrogen-bearing compounds are also dominated by polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PANH) made of 5- and 6-membered rings containing up to four nitrogen atoms, including triazine and pyrazole rings. Such N-rich aromatic species are expected to decompose easily in the presence of water at higher temperatures. Pure carbon molecules are also observed for samples with relatively small fractions of nitrogen. MS peaks compatible with the presence of amino acids and nucleobases, or their isomers, are detected. When comparing these Nebulotron samples with the insoluble fraction of the Paris meteorite organic matter, we observe that the samples with intermediate N/C ratios bracketing that of the Paris insoluble organic matter (IOM) display relative proportions of the CH, CHO, CHN, and CHNO chemical families also bracketing those of the Paris IOM. Our results support that Nebulotron samples are relevant laboratory analogs of primitive chondritic organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lévêque
- Nantes
Université, Univ. Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS,
Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, LPG UMR
6112, Nantes 44000, France
- CEISAM,
Nantes Université, UMR-CNRS 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Christophe Sotin
- Nantes
Université, Univ. Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS,
Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, LPG UMR
6112, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie
Université, COBRA, UMR 6014, FR 3038, Université de
Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Bollengier
- Nantes
Université, Univ. Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS,
Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, LPG UMR
6112, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Adriana Clouet
- Nantes
Université, Univ. Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS,
Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, LPG UMR
6112, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Erwan Le Menn
- Nantes
Université, Univ. Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS,
Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, LPG UMR
6112, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Yves Marrocchi
- Centre
de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358
CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54501, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz
- Normandie
Université, COBRA, UMR 6014, FR 3038, Université de
Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Bujoli
- CEISAM,
Nantes Université, UMR-CNRS 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
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2
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Wootton CA, Maillard J, Theisen A, Brabeck GF, Schat CL, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Giusti P. A Gated TIMS FTICR MS Instrument to Decipher Isomeric Content of Complex Organic Mixtures. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11343-11352. [PMID: 38973712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Modern research faces increasingly complex materials with a constant need for new analytical strategies that can provide deeper levels of chemical insight. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (MS), particularly Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS, has provided a robust analytical foundation. However, MS alone offers limited structural information. Here, we present the first implementation and results from an FTICR MS with fully integrated dual accumulation analysis with gated trapped ion mobility spectrometry (gTIMS) capability. The drastically extended charge capacity and parallel accumulation facilitate the analysis of complex mixtures. We achieved a high dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude within a single FTICR acquisition event. Simultaneously, the valuable linear relationship between the TIMS elution voltage and reduced mobility was retained over a wide mobility range. Benchmarking the instrument performance with Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) by variable ramp gTIMS analysis allowed separation and unambiguous assignment of different charge state distributions. Application to bio-oils has proven the capability to distinguish the isomeric diversity in these ultracomplex samples, while maintaining the expected FTICR MS resolving power and mass accuracy. Valuable information about the molecular distribution, isomeric diversity, and main molecular differences could directly be extracted within the analysis time of a classical "dilute and shoot" direct infusion experiment. The development of this fully integrated and flexible gTIMS with FTICR MS analysis possesses the potential to significantly change the current landscape of high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of complex mixtures through the added insight of isomeric complexity afforded by TIMS. The exploration of the added IMS dimension promises transformative effects across diverse fields including energy transition, environmental studies, and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Maillard
- TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Alina Theisen
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. Kg, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
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3
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Schulz A, Surkau J. Main group cyanides: from hydrogen cyanide to cyanido-complexes. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Homoleptic cyanide compounds exist of almost all main group elements. While the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form cyanide salts, the cyanides of the lighter main group elements occur mainly as covalent compounds. This review gives an overview of the status quo of main group element cyanides and cyanido complexes. Information about syntheses are included as well as applications, special substance properties, bond lengths, spectroscopic characteristics and computations. Cyanide chemistry is presented mainly from the field of inorganic chemistry, but aspects of chemical biology and astrophysics are also discussed in relation to cyano compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany
| | - Jonas Surkau
- Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany
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Lavado N, de la Concepción JG, Cintas P, Babiano R. Synthesis of C xN y-rich polycyclic oligomers from primeval monomers in aqueous media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3632-3646. [PMID: 35103738 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multichannel, non-thermolytic and efficient pathway is described toward the formation of functionalized carbon nitride-like oligomers, starting from readily available cyanamide and glyoxal (in ratios >2), in aqueous media under mild conditions. Such oligomers can be isolated as stable solids that result from structures involving cyanamide self-additions along with structures formally derived from the condensation of cyanamide, dicyandiamide or melamine with glyoxal, leading occasionally to oxygen-containing units. The oligomeric aggregates have masses up to 500 u, as inferred from mass spectra analyses, and their formation can be rationalized in terms of polyadditions of cyanamide (up to 10-mer) and glyoxal. The latter is not only a willing reaction partner, but also promotes facile condensation by enhancing the reactivity of nitrile fragments and inducing a significant lowering of the energy barriers. This mechanistic surmise is also supported by DFT calculations of the early condensation steps. As a result, melamine/triazine-type structures are obtained in aquatic environments under much milder conditions than those usually required by other synthetic procedures. Moreover, our results also help unveil the abiotic processes affording complex organic matter on celestial bodies and early earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Lavado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Juan García de la Concepción
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Reyes Babiano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Interfacial Dark Aging Is an Overlooked Source of Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the relative yields of aqueous secondary organic aerosols (aqSOAs) at the air–liquid (a–l) interface are investigated between photochemical and dark aging using in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Our results show that dark aging is an important source of aqSOAs despite a lack of photochemical drivers. Photochemical reactions of glyoxal and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produce oligomers and cluster ions at the aqueous surface. Interestingly, different oligomers and cluster ions form intensely in the dark at the a–l interface, contrary to the notion that oligomer formation mainly depends on light irradiation. Furthermore, cluster ions form readily during dark aging and have a higher water molecule adsorption ability. This finding is supported by the observation of more frequent organic water cluster ion formation. The relative yields of water clusters in the form of protonated and hydroxide ions are presented using van Krevelen diagrams to explore the underlying formation mechanisms of aqSOAs. Large protonated and hydroxide water clusters (e.g., (H2O)nH+, 17 < n ≤ 44) have reasonable yields during UV aging. In contrast, small protonated and hydroxide water clusters (e.g., (H2O)nH+, 1 ≤ n ≤ 17) form after several hours of dark aging. Moreover, cluster ions have higher yields in dark aging, indicating the overlooked influence of dark aging interfacial products on aerosol optical properties. Molecular dynamic simulation shows that cluster ions form stably in UV and dark aging. AqSOAs molecules produced from dark and photochemical aging can enhance UV absorption of the aqueous surface, promote cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activities, and affect radiative forcing.
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Rüger CP, Le Maître J, Maillard J, Riches E, Palmer M, Afonso C, Giusti P. Exploring Complex Mixtures by Cyclic Ion Mobility High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Application Toward Petroleum. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5872-5881. [PMID: 33784070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The in-depth isomeric and isobaric description of ultra-complex organic mixtures remains one of the most challenging analytical tasks. In the last two decades, ion mobility coupled to high-performance mass spectrometry added an additional structural dimension. Despite tremendous instrumental improvements, commercial devices are still limited in ion mobility and mass spectrometric resolving power and struggle to resolve isobaric species and complex isomeric patterns. To overcome these limitations, we explored the capabilities of cyclic ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry with special emphasis on petrochemical applications. We could show that quadrupole-selected ion mobility mass spectrometry gives closer insights into the isomeric distribution. In combination with slicing the specific parts of the ion mobility dimension, isobaric interferences could be drastically removed. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) allowed separating structural groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles (PAH/PASH), deploying up to 10 passes in the cyclic ion mobility device. Finally, we introduce a data processing workflow to resolve the 3.4 mDa SH4/C3 mass split by combining ion mobility and mass spectrometric resolving power. Cyclic ion mobility with the intelligent design of experiments and processing routines will be a powerful approach addressing the isobaric and isomeric complexity of ultra-complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC)/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johann Le Maître
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Gonfreville, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Julien Maillard
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | | | - Carlos Afonso
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Gonfreville, 76700 Harfleur, France.,Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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7
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Rüger CP, Le Maître J, Riches E, Palmer M, Orasche J, Sippula O, Jokiniemi J, Afonso C, Giusti P, Zimmermann R. Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Equipped with Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe for the Molecular Characterization of Combustion Particulate Matter. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:206-217. [PMID: 33237780 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic air pollution has a severe impact on climate and human health. The immense molecular complexity and diversity of particulate matter (PM) is a result of primary organic aerosol (POA) as well as secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In this study, a direct inlet probe (DIP), i.e., atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP), with ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometric detection is applied. Primary particulate matter emissions from three sources were investigated. Furthermore, photochemically aged emissions were analyzed. DIP introduction allowed for a direct analysis with almost no sample preparation and resulted in a complex molecular pattern. This pattern shifted through oxidation processes toward heavier species. For diesel emissions, the fuel's chemical characteristic is partially transferred to the particulate matter by incomplete combustion and characteristic alkylated series were found. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified as major contributors. Ion mobility analysis results in drift time profiles used for structural analysis. The apex position was used to prove structural changes, whereas the full-width-at-half-maximum was used to address the isomeric diversity. With this concept, the dominance of one or a few isomers for certain PAHs could be shown. In contrast, a broad isomeric diversity was found for oxygenated species. For the in-depth specification of fresh and aged spruce emissions, the ion mobility resolving power was almost doubled by allowing for three passes in the circular traveling wave design. The results prove that ASAP coupled with ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) serves as a promising analytical approach for tackling the vast molecular complexity of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Johann Le Maître
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Gonfreville, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | | | - Martin Palmer
- Waters Corporation, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC)/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Carlos Afonso
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Gonfreville, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC)/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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8
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Maillard JF, Le Maître J, Rüger CP, Ridgeway M, Thompson CJ, Paupy B, Hubert-Roux M, Park M, Afonso C, Giusti P. Structural analysis of petroporphyrins from asphaltene by trapped ion mobility coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:4161-4171. [PMID: 34047731 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of compounds present in highly complex mixtures such as petroleum is proving to be one of the main analytical challenges. Heavy fractions, such as asphaltenes, exhibit immense molecular and isomeric complexity. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) with its unequalled resolving power, mass accuracy and dynamic range can address the isobaric complexity. Nevertheless, isomers remain largely inaccessible. Therefore, another dimension of separation is required. Recently, ion mobility mass spectrometry has revealed great potential for isomer description. In this study, the combination of trapped ion mobility and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (TIMS-FTICR) is used to obtain information on the structural features and isomeric diversity of vanadium petroporphyrins present in heavy petroleum fractions. The ion mobility spectra provided information on the isomeric diversity of the different classes of porphyrins. The determination of the collision cross section (CCS) from the peak apex allows us to hypothesize about the structural aspects of the petroleum molecules. In addition, the ion mobility signal full width at half maximum (FWHM) was used as a measure for isomeric diversity. Finally, theoretical CCS determinations were conducted first on core structures and then on alkylated petroporphyrins taking advantage of the linear correlation between the CCS and the alkylation level. This allowed the proposal of putative structures in agreement with the experimental results. The authors believe that the presented workflow will be useful for the structural prediction of real unknowns in highly complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien F Maillard
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Johann Le Maître
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Benoit Paupy
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | | | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
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Palacio Lozano DC, Thomas MJ, Jones HE, Barrow MP. Petroleomics: Tools, Challenges, and Developments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:405-430. [PMID: 32197051 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The detailed molecular characterization of petroleum-related samples by mass spectrometry, often referred to as petroleomics, continues to present significant analytical challenges. As a result, petroleomics continues to be a driving force for the development of new ultrahigh resolution instrumentation, experimental methods, and data analysis procedures. Recent advances in ionization, resolving power, mass accuracy, and the use of separation methods, have allowed for record levels of compositional detail to be obtained for petroleum-related samples. To address the growing size and complexity of the data generated, vital software tools for data processing, analysis, and visualization continue to be developed. The insights gained impact upon the fields of energy and environmental science and the petrochemical industry, among others. In addition to advancing the understanding of one of nature's most complex mixtures, advances in petroleomics methodologies are being adapted for the study of other sample types, resulting in direct benefits to other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary J Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
- Molecular Analytical Sciences Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
- Molecular Analytical Sciences Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
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10
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Selliez L, Maillard J, Cherville B, Gautier T, Thirkell L, Gaubicher B, Schmitz-Afonso I, Afonso C, Briois C, Carrasco N. High-resolution mass spectrometry for future space missions: Comparative analysis of complex organic matter with LAb-CosmOrbitrap and laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8645. [PMID: 31671213 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometers are regularly boarded on spacecraft for the exploration of the Solar System. A better understanding of the origin, distribution and evolution of organic matter and its relationships with inorganic matter in different extra-terrestrial environments requires the development of innovative space tools, described as Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHRMS) instruments. METHODS Analyses of a complex organic material simulating extraterrestrial matter (Titan's tholins) are performed with a homemade space-designed Orbitrap™ equipped with a laser ablation ionization source at 266 nm: the LAb-CosmOrbitrap. Mass spectra are obtained using only one laser shot and transient duration of 838 ms. A comparison is made on the same sample with a laboratory benchmark mass spectrometer: a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance equipped with a laser desorption ionization source at 355 nm (LDI-FTICR) allowing accumulation of 20,000 laser shots. RESULTS Mass spectra and attributions of molecular formulae based on the peaks detected by both techniques show significant similarities. Detection and identification of the same species are validated. The formation of clusters ions with the LAb-CosmOrbitrap is also presented. This specific feature brings informative and unusual indirect detections about the chemical compounds constituting Titan's tholins. In particular, the detection of HCN confirms previous results obtained with laboratory Electrospray Ionization (ESI)-UHRMS studies about the understanding of polymeric patterns for the formation of tholins. CONCLUSIONS The capabilities of the LAb-CosmOrbitrap to decipher complex organic mixtures using single laser shot and a short transient are highlighted. In agreement with results provided by a commercial FTICR instrument in the laboratory, we demonstrate in this work the relevance of a space laser-CosmOrbitrap instrument for future planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Selliez
- Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Orléans, France
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux et Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Guyancourt, France
| | - Julien Maillard
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux et Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Guyancourt, France
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Barnabe Cherville
- Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux et Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Guyancourt, France
| | - Laurent Thirkell
- Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Orléans, France
| | - Bertrand Gaubicher
- Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Briois
- Laboratoire de physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Carrasco
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux et Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Guyancourt, France
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