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A Regulatory Loop Involving miR-200c and NF-κB Modulates Mortalin Expression and Increases Cisplatin Sensitivity in an Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315300. [PMID: 36499626 PMCID: PMC9737914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently the most lethal gynecological cancer. At present, primary debulking surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment strategy for ovarian cancer. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy has greatly improved the prognosis of patients, the subsequent primary or acquired drug resistance of cancer cells has become an obstacle to a favorable prognosis. Mortalin is a chaperone that plays an important role in multiple cellular and biological processes. Our previous studies have found that mortalin is associated with the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells and their resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In this study, microRNA (miR)-200b/c downregulated mortalin expression and inhibited the proliferation and migration of the paired cisplatin-sensitive (A2780S) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780CP) epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, miR-200c increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by regulating mortalin levels. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB directly regulated mortalin and miR-200b/c expression levels, while NF-κB and miR-200b/c jointly regulated the expression of mortalin. The combination of cisplatin and miR-200c significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects on ovarian cancer in vivo, suggesting that miR-200c may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
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Bruine de Bruin L, Clausen MJAM, Slagter-Menkema L, de Bock GH, Langendijk JA, van der Vegt B, van der Laan BFAM, Schuuring E. High DNMT1 Is Associated With Worse Local Control in Early-Stage Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:801-805. [PMID: 34427325 PMCID: PMC9290472 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis Early‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has yielded local control rates of 75% after radiotherapy. DNA methylation, in which DNA methyltransferases play an important role, has influence on tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the association between the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and local control in early‐stage LSCC treated with radiotherapy. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We analyzed a well‐defined homogeneous series of 125 LSCC patients treated with radiotherapy with curative intent. The association of immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1 with local control was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results With a median follow‐up of 58 months, 29 local recurrences (23%) were observed. On univariate analysis, worse local control was associated with high DNMT1 expression (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–6.01). Also, higher T‐stage (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.06–5.80) and positive N‐status (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.06–6.47) were associated with worse local control. Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that high DNMT1 (HR 2.81; 95% CI 1.20–6.58) was independently associated with worse local control. Conclusions We found an association between high DNMT1 expression and worse local control in a homogeneous well‐defined cohort of early‐stage LSCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. The association between DNA methylation status as determined by DNMT1 expression and local control suggests that DNMT1 acts as a potential prognostic tumor marker in treatment decision‐making in early‐stage laryngeal carcinoma. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 132:801–805, 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bruine de Bruin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J A M Clausen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wu X, Scott H, Carlsson SV, Sjoberg DD, Cerundolo L, Lilja H, Prevo R, Rieunier G, Macaulay V, Higgins GS, Verrill CL, Lamb AD, Cunliffe VT, Bountra C, Hamdy FC, Bryant RJ. Increased EZH2 expression in prostate cancer is associated with metastatic recurrence following external beam radiotherapy. Prostate 2019; 79:1079-1089. [PMID: 31104332 PMCID: PMC6563086 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) promotes prostate cancer progression. We hypothesized that increased EZH2 expression is associated with postradiotherapy metastatic disease recurrence, and may promote radioresistance. METHODS EZH2 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry in diagnostic prostate biopsies of 113 prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy with curative intent. Associations between EZH2 expression in malignant and benign tissue in prostate biopsy cores and outcomes were investigated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. LNCaP and PC3 cell radiosensitivity was investigated using colony formation and γH2AX assays following UNC1999 chemical probe-mediated EZH2 inhibition. RESULTS While there was no significant association between EZH2 expression and biochemical recurrence following radiotherapy, univariate analysis revealed that prostate cancer cytoplasmic and total EZH2 expression were significantly associated with metastasis development postradiotherapy (P = 0.034 and P = 0.003, respectively). On multivariate analysis, the prostate cancer total EZH2 expression score remained statistically significant (P = 0.003), while cytoplasmic EZH2 expression did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.053). No association was observed between normal adjacent prostate EZH2 expression and biochemical recurrence or metastasis. LNCaP and PC3 cell treatment with UNC1999 reduced histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation levels. Irradiation of LNCaP or PC3 cells with a single 2 Gy fraction with UNC1999-mediated EZH2 inhibition resulted in a statistically significant, though modest, reduction in cell colony number for both cell lines. Increased γH2AX foci were observed 24 hours after ionizing irradiation in LNCaP cells, but not in PC3, following UNC1999-mediated EZH2 inhibition vs controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results reveal that high pretreatment EZH2 expression in prostate cancer in diagnostic biopsies is associated with an increased risk of postradiotherapy metastatic disease recurrence, but EZH2 function may only at most play a modest role in promoting prostate cancer cell radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen Scott
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sigrid V. Carlsson
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
- Urology Service at the Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
- Department of UrologyInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - Daniel D. Sjoberg
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Lucia Cerundolo
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Hans Lilja
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU‐Oncology)Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Remko Prevo
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Geoffrey S. Higgins
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare L. Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alastair D. Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincent T. Cunliffe
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Chas Bountra
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Bryant
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Liu J, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zhang X, Wang X. miR-200b and miR-200c co-contribute to the cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells by targeting DNA methyltransferases. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1453-1460. [PMID: 30675199 PMCID: PMC6341622 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapy drug that is commonly used in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, insensitivity to cisplatin markedly influences the outcomes of chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been demonstrated to modulate drug resistance in a number of types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the key miRNAs involved in modulating drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. miR-200b and miR-200c were identified to be frequently deregulated in ovarian cancer. Upregulation of miR-200b and miR-200c promoted EOC cell death in the presence of cisplatin. Upregulation of miR-125b-5p significantly decreased tumor growth in combination with cisplatin in a mouse model. Significantly, miR-200b and miR-200c reversed cisplatin resistance by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) (directly targeting DNMT3A/DNMT3B and indirectly targeting DNMT1 via specificity protein 1). These results indicate that miR-200b- and miR-200c-mediated regulation of DNMTs serves a crucial function in the cellular response to cisplatin. miR-200b- and miR-200c-mediated downregulation of DNMTs may improve chemotherapeutic efficacy by increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells and thus may have an impact on ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Tomar T, Alkema NG, Schreuder L, Meersma GJ, de Meyer T, van Criekinge W, Klip HG, Fiegl H, van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Widschwendter M, Schuuring E, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S, Wisman GBA. Methylome analysis of extreme chemoresponsive patients identifies novel markers of platinum sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Med 2017; 15:116. [PMID: 28641578 PMCID: PMC5481993 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an early response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the majority of patients will relapse with drug-resistant disease. Aberrant epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation are common in HGSOC. Differences in DNA methylation are associated with chemoresponse in these patients. The objective of this study was to identify and validate novel epigenetic markers of chemoresponse using genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in extreme chemoresponsive HGSOC patients. METHODS Genome-wide next-generation sequencing was performed on methylation-enriched tumor DNA of two HGSOC patient groups with residual disease, extreme responders (≥18 months progression-free survival (PFS), n = 8) and non-responders (≤6 months PFS, n = 10) to platinum-based chemotherapy. DNA methylation and expression data of the same patients were integrated to create a gene list. Genes were validated on an independent cohort of extreme responders (n = 21) and non-responders (n = 31) using pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR. In silico validation was performed using publicly available DNA methylation (n = 91) and expression (n = 208) datasets of unselected advanced stage HGSOC patients. Functional validation of FZD10 on chemosensitivity was carried out in ovarian cancer cell lines using siRNA-mediated silencing. RESULTS Integrated genome-wide methylome and expression analysis identified 45 significantly differentially methylated and expressed genes between two chemoresponse groups. Four genes FZD10, FAM83A, MYO18B, and MKX were successfully validated in an external set of extreme chemoresponsive HGSOC patients. High FZD10 and MKX methylation were related with extreme responders and high FAM83A and MYO18B methylation with non-responders. In publicly available advanced stage HGSOC datasets, FZD10 and MKX methylation levels were associated with PFS. High FZD10 methylation was strongly associated with improved PFS in univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.71; P = 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23-0.65; P = 0.003). Consistently, low FZD10 expression was associated with improved PFS (HR = 1.36; 95% CI, 0.99-1.88; P = 0.058). FZD10 silencing caused significant sensitization towards cisplatin treatment in survival assays and apoptosis assays. CONCLUSIONS By applying genome-wide integrated methylome analysis on extreme chemoresponsive HGSOC patients, we identified novel clinically relevant, epigenetically-regulated markers of platinum-sensitivity in HGSOC patients. The clinical potential of these markers in predictive and therapeutic approaches has to be further validated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Tomar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette G Alkema
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leroy Schreuder
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Meersma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim de Meyer
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim van Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harry G Klip
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Els van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Clausen MJAM, Melchers LJ, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, Groen HJM, Laan BFAMVD, van Criekinge W, de Meyer T, Denil S, van der Vegt B, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. RAB25 expression is epigenetically downregulated in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Epigenetics 2016; 11:653-663. [PMID: 27379752 PMCID: PMC5048719 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1205176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) have a low survival rate, mainly due to metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. For optimal treatment of these metastases, a neck dissection is required; however, inaccurate detection methods results in under- and over-treatment. New DNA prognostic methylation biomarkers might improve lymph node metastases detection. To identify epigenetically regulated genes associated with lymph node metastases, genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on 6 OOSCC with (pN+) and 6 OOSCC without (pN0) lymph node metastases and combined with a gene expression signature predictive for pN+ status in OOSCC. Selected genes were validated using an independent OOSCC cohort by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, and on data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A two-step statistical selection of differentially methylated sequences revealed 14 genes with increased methylation status and mRNA downregulation in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25, a known tumor suppressor gene, was the highest-ranking gene in the discovery set. In the validation sets, both RAB25 mRNA (P = 0.015) and protein levels (P = 0.012) were lower in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with RAB25 methylation levels (P < 0.001) but RAB25 protein expression was not. Our data revealed that promoter methylation is a mechanism resulting in downregulation of RAB25 expression in pN+ OOSCC and decreased expression is associated with lymph node metastasis. Detection of RAB25 methylation might contribute to lymph node metastasis diagnosis and serve as a potential new therapeutic target in OOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A M Clausen
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - L J Melchers
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - M F Mastik
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - L Slagter-Menkema
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,c Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - H J M Groen
- d Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - B F A M van der Laan
- c Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - W van Criekinge
- e Department of Mathematical Modeling , Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - T de Meyer
- e Department of Mathematical Modeling , Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - S Denil
- f Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - B van der Vegt
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - G B A Wisman
- f Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - J L N Roodenburg
- b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - E Schuuring
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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Melchers LJ, Clausen MJAM, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, van der Wal JE, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Identification of methylation markers for the prediction of nodal metastasis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2016. [PMID: 26213212 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1075689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylation is an important mechanism for the dynamic regulation of gene expression, necessary for metastasizing tumour cells. Our aim is to identify methylation tumour markers that have a predictive value for the presence of regional lymph node metastases in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). Significantly differentially expressed genes were retrieved from four reported microarray expression profiles comparing pN0 and pN+ head-neck tumours, and one expression array identifying functionally hypermethylated genes. Additional metastasis-associated genes were included from the literature. Thus genes were selected that influence the development of nodal metastases and might be regulated by methylation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) primers were designed and tested on 8 head-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and technically validated on 10 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) OOSCC cases. Predictive value was assessed in a clinical series of 70 FFPE OOSCC with pathologically determined nodal status. Five out of 28 methylation markers (OCLN, CDKN2A, MGMT, MLH1 and DAPK1) were frequently differentially methylated in OOSCC. Of these, MGMT methylation was associated with pN0 status (P = 0.02) and with lower immunoexpression (P = 0.02). DAPK1 methylation was associated with pN+ status (P = 0.008) but did not associate with protein expression. In conclusion, out of 28 candidate genes, two (7%) showed a predictive value for the pN status. Both genes, DAPK1 and MGMT, have predictive value for nodal metastasis in a clinical group of OOSCC. Therefore DNA methylation markers are capable of contributing to diagnosis and treatment selection in OOSCC. To efficiently identify additional new methylation markers, genome-wide methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Melchers
- a Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery ; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
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Wei X, Zhang S, Cao D, Zhao M, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Yang T, Pei M, Wang L, Li Y, Yang X. Aberrant Hypermethylation of SALL3 with HPV Involvement Contributes to the Carcinogenesis of Cervical Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145700. [PMID: 26697877 PMCID: PMC4689451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the methylation status of the promoter region of spalt-like transcription factor 3 (SALL3) and the expression of SALL3 in cervical cancer to explore the function of this gene in cervical cancer carcinogenesis. METHODS The methylation status of SALL3 was detected by methylation-specific PCR, and SALL3 gene expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR in the cervical cancer cell lines, SiHa, HeLa and C33A, as well as in cervical cancer tissue samples (n = 23), matched pericarcinomatous tissue samples (n = 23) and normal cervix tissue samples (n = 17). MTT was used to measure the cell viability and proliferation capacity of SiHa and HeLa cells. RESULTS The SALL3 promoter was completely methylated in SiHa cells, unmethylated in C33A cells and partially methylated in HeLa cells. After treatment of SiHa and HeLa cells with 5 μM and 10 μM of 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), respectively, the methylation level of the SALL3 promoter decreased and observed increase in the degree of unmethylation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the relative expression of SALL3 mRNA increased as the concentration of 5-Aza increased in SiHa (p<0.05) and HeLa (p<0.05) cells. This above-mentioned increase in SALL3 mRNA in SiHa cells was more remarkable than that observed in HeLa cells. Cell proliferation capacity also decreased after administration of 5-Aza to SiHa and HeLa cells (p<0.05). Methylation of the SALL3 promoter was observed in 15 of 23 (65.21%) cervical cancer tissue samples, 15 of 23 (65.21%) matched pericarcinomatous tissue samples and 5 of 17 (29.41%) normal cervical tissue samples (p<0.05). SALL3 mRNA expression was significantly lower in cervical cancer and pericarcinomatous tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (p<0.05). In all cervix tissue samples, HPV infection was positively associated with hypermethylation of the promoter region of SALL3 (p<0.05, r = 0.408), and the expression of SALL3 mRNA in HPV-positive tissues was lower than that in HPV-negative tissues (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The aberrant hypermethylation of SALL3 together with HPV involvement inactivated its function as a tumor suppressor and contributed to carcinogenesis in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an 710077, China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center of Maternal and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Clausen MJAM, Melchers LJ, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, Groen HJM, van der Laan BFAM, van Criekinge W, de Meyer T, Denil S, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Identification and validation of WISP1 as an epigenetic regulator of metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:45-59. [PMID: 26391330 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, in approximately one third of OSCC patients nodal metastases remain undetected, and thus are not adequately treated. Therefore, clinical assessment of LN metastasis needs to be improved. The purpose of this study was to identify DNA methylation biomarkers to predict LN metastases in OSCC. Genome wide methylation assessment was performed on six OSCC with (N+) and six without LN metastases (N0). Differentially methylated sequences were selected based on the likelihood of differential methylation and validated using an independent OSCC cohort as well as OSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression of WISP1 using immunohistochemistry was analyzed on a large OSCC cohort (n = 204). MethylCap-Seq analysis revealed 268 differentially methylated markers. WISP1 was the highest ranking annotated gene that showed hypomethylation in the N+ group. Bisulfite pyrosequencing confirmed significant hypomethylation within the WISP1 promoter region in N+ OSCC (P = 0.03) and showed an association between WISP1 hypomethylation and high WISP1 expression (P = 0.01). Both these results were confirmed using 148 OSCC retrieved from the TCGA database. In a large OSCC cohort, high WISP1 expression was associated with LN metastasis (P = 0.05), disease-specific survival (P = 0.022), and regional disease-free survival (P = 0.027). These data suggest that WISP1 expression is regulated by methylation and WISP1 hypomethylation contributes to LN metastasis in OSCC. WISP1 is a potential biomarker to predict the presence of LN metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J A M Clausen
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe J Melchers
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modelling Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim de Meyer
- Department of Mathematical Modelling Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Denil
- Department of Mathematical Modelling Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan L N Roodenburg
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Pernía O, Belda-Iniesta C, Pulido V, Cortes-Sempere M, Rodriguez C, Vera O, Soto J, Jiménez J, Taus A, Rojo F, Arriola E, Rovira A, Albanell J, Macías MT, de Castro J, Perona R, Ibañez de Caceres I. Methylation status of IGFBP-3 as a useful clinical tool for deciding on a concomitant radiotherapy. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1446-53. [PMID: 25482372 PMCID: PMC4622698 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.971626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylation status of the IGFBP-3 gene is strongly associated with cisplatin sensitivity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we found in vitro evidence that linked the presence of an unmethylated promoter with poor response to radiation. Our data also indicate that radiation might sensitize chemotherapy-resistant cells by reactivating IGFBP-3-expression through promoter demethylation, inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also explored the IGFBP-3 methylation effect on overall survival (OS) in a population of 40 NSCLC patients who received adjuvant therapy after R0 surgery. Our results indicate that patients harboring an unmethylated promoter could benefit more from a chemotherapy schedule alone than from a multimodality therapy involving radiotherapy and platinum-based treatments, increasing their OS by 2.5 y (p = .03). Our findings discard this epi-marker as a prognostic factor in a patient population without adjuvant therapy, indicating that radiotherapy does not improve survival for patients harboring an unmethylated IGFBP-3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pernía
- a Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM ; University Hospital La Paz ; Madrid , Spain
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11
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Review of the development of DNA methylation as a marker of response to neoadjuvant therapy and outcomes in rectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015. [PMID: 26203306 PMCID: PMC4511540 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much debate around the preoperative treatment of colorectal cancer and, in particular, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. This treatment carries a significant risk of harmful side effects and has a highly variable response rate. Predictive biomarkers have been the subject of a great deal of study with the aim of pretreatment risk stratification in order to more accurately determine which patients will derive the most benefit and least harm from these treatments. The study of epigenetics in colorectal cancer is relatively recent, and distinct patterns of aberrant DNA methylation, in particular the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) island methylator phenotype (CIMP), have been demonstrated in colorectal cancer, and their characterisation and significance are under debate, particularly in rectal cancer. These patterns of DNA methylation have been associated with differences in response to therapy and treatment outcomes and therefore have the potential to be used as biomarkers in tailored therapy regimes for patients with rectal cancer. This review aims to summarise the current state of the art in rectal cancer, with particular regard to the determination of DNA methylation patterns, the CpG island methylator phenotype and its potential as a novel biomarker in rectal cancer treatment and prediction of outcomes and response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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12
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Smits KM, Melotte V, Niessen HE, Dubois L, Oberije C, Troost EG, Starmans MH, Boutros PC, Vooijs M, van Engeland M, Lambin P. Epigenetics in radiotherapy: Where are we heading? Radiother Oncol 2014; 111:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Zhao X, Yang F, Li S, Liu M, Ying S, Jia X, Wang X. CpG island methylator phenotype of myelodysplastic syndrome identified through genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:649-58. [PMID: 24601943 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is an epigenetic phenomenon and plays an important role in tumourigenesis in various cancers. The identification of aberrant DNA methylation can be exploited for early diagnosis and risk assessment of patients. We identified a CIMP in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Genes were screened for hypermethylation and transcription downregulation through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and gene expression microarrays. Methylation-specific, real-time, and bisulfite-sequencing polymerase chain reaction were performed to validate selected genes. The hypermethylation of genes as a diagnostic tool for the detection of MDS was evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were performed. A draft of an MDS CIMP was established and revised to 6 genes after validation in 20 patients and 20 controls. Further large-scale analysis showed that the majority of 211 MDS patients were hypermethylated in 6 genes. The area under the curve of CIMP was 0·9768 (95% confidence interval 0·9609-0·9928). A combination of 5 or more of the methylated genes showed a specificity of 95% and sensitivity of 91% for the diagnosis of MDS. We found CIMP positivity to be a significantly unfavourable prognostic factor for MDS. These results indicate that the newly established CIMP may improve diagnostic accuracy and prognosis assessment in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Haematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Vici P, Mariani L, Pizzuti L, Sergi D, Di Lauro L, Vizza E, Tomao F, Tomao S, Mancini E, Vincenzoni C, Barba M, Maugeri-Saccà M, Giovinazzo G, Venuti A. Emerging biological treatments for uterine cervical carcinoma. J Cancer 2014; 5:86-97. [PMID: 24494026 PMCID: PMC3909763 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the development of new diagnosis, prognostic, and treatment strategies is a major interest for public health. Cisplatin, in combination with external beam irradiation for locally advanced disease, or as monotherapy for recurrent/metastatic disease, has been the cornerstone of treatment for more than two decades. Other investigated cytotoxic therapies include paclitaxel, ifosfamide and topotecan, as single agents or in combination, revealing unsatisfactory results. In recent years, much effort has been made towards evaluating new drugs and developing innovative therapies to treat cervical cancer. Among the most investigated molecular targets are epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways, both playing a critical role in cervical cancer development. Studies with bevacizumab or VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase have given encouraging results in terms of clinical efficacy, without adding significant toxicity. A great number of other molecular agents targeting critical pathways in cervical malignant transformation are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, reporting preliminary promising data. In the current review, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies which are being investigated for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 3. HPV Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tomao
- 4. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, "La Sapienza" University, V Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- 5. Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Oncology Unit, C.so della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mancini
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vincenzoni
- 2. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 6. Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 6. Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giovinazzo
- 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute,V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Venuti
- 3. HPV Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy ; 8. Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, V Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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15
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Luo ZG, Li ZG, Gui SL, Chi BJ, Ma JG. Protocadherin-17 promoter methylation in serum-derived DNA is associated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer. J Int Med Res 2013; 42:35-41. [PMID: 24366498 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513504705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) promoter methylation in serum-derived DNA of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS DNA was isolated from serum of patients with bladder cancer and from age- and sex-matched controls. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the methylation status of the PCDH17 promoter. The correlations between methylation status and clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival were examined. RESULTS PCDH17 promoter methylation was detected in 79/151 (52.3%) of patients with bladder cancer, and none of the 43 control subjects. Methylation was significantly associated with larger tumour diameter (>3 cm), high grade (G3) and advanced stage (T2-T4). Patients with PCDH17 promoter methylation had significantly shorter overall survival than those with unmethylated PCDH17 promoter. Methylation was an independent predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS PCDH17 promoter methylation was significantly associated with malignant behaviour and poor prognosis of bladder cancer. The detection of PCDH17 promoter methylation in serum-derived DNA may be a convenient and noninvasive predictive biomarker in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Luo
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
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16
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Buchholtz ML, Jückstock J, Weber E, Mylonas I, Dian D, Brüning A. Loss of LDOC1 Expression by Promoter Methylation in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:571-7. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.845671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Cui Y, Cho IH, Chowdhury B, Irudayaraj J. Real-time dynamics of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 and its role in DNA demethylation by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1089-100. [PMID: 23974971 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With unprecedented development in technology, epigenetics is recognized as a substantial and flexible regulatory pathway for phenotyping. Cytosine methylation and its subsequent oxidization have attracted significant attention due to their direct impact on gene regulation, in association with methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBDs) and transcription related factors. In this study we record the dynamics of DNA demethylation using the recombinant MBD3-GFP protein in living cells under hypoxia and Decitabine treatment using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) by monitoring the diffusion dynamics of MBD3. Our study shows a DNA-replication-independent decrease of 5-methylcytosine (5mC)/5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) under hypoxia vs. a dependent decrease under Decitabine treatment. Further, we define a significantly faster diffusion of MBD3 in the nucleus as a precursory event for active demethylation rather than the Decitabine induced passive demethylation. By monitoring the diffusion of bound and unbound MBD3 in the nucleus we were able to identify and characterize hypoxia-sensitive cells from insensitive/tolerant cells, as well as the respective contribution to active demethylation in a time-dependent manner. Last, we quantitatively describe the concurrent decreasing trend in all of the three oxidized products of 5mC, which points to the potential involvement of ten-eleven-translocation proteins (TETs) in hypoxia induced active demethylation. Overall, for the first time we correlate the dynamic process of DNA demethylation with the biophysical properties of the corresponding DNA binding proteins in live single cells by single molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Biological Engineering and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Il-Hoon Cho
- Biological Engineering and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Basudev Chowdhury
- Biological Engineering and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Biological Engineering and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
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18
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Steenbergen RDM, Ongenaert M, Snellenberg S, Trooskens G, van der Meide WF, Pandey D, Bloushtain-Qimron N, Polyak K, Meijer CJLM, Snijders PJF, Van Criekinge W. Methylation-specific digital karyotyping of HPV16E6E7-expressing human keratinocytes identifies novel methylation events in cervical carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2013; 231:53-62. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maté Ongenaert
- BioBix, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics; Ghent University; Belgium
- Centre for Medical Genetics; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Suzanne Snellenberg
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Geert Trooskens
- BioBix, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics; Ghent University; Belgium
| | | | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Noga Bloushtain-Qimron
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Chris JLM Meijer
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter JF Snijders
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- BioBix, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics; Ghent University; Belgium
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19
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Huisman C, Wisman GBA, Kazemier HG, van Vugt MATM, van der Zee AGJ, Schuuring E, Rots MG. Functional validation of putative tumor suppressor gene C13ORF18 in cervical cancer by Artificial Transcription Factors. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:669-79. [PMID: 23522960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C13ORF18 is frequently hypermethylated in cervical cancer but not in normal cervix and might serve as a biomarker for the early detection of cervical cancer in scrapings. As hypermethylation is often observed for silenced tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), hypermethylated biomarker genes might exhibit tumor suppressive activities upon re-expression. Epigenetic drugs are successfully exploited to reverse TSG silencing, but act genome-wide. Artificial Transcription Factors (ATFs) provide a gene-specific approach for re-expression of silenced genes. Here, we investigated the potential tumor suppressive role of C13ORF18 in cervical cancer by ATF-induced re-expression. Five zinc finger proteins were engineered to bind the C13ORF18 promoter and fused to a strong transcriptional activator. C13ORF18 expression could be induced in cervical cell lines: ranging from >40-fold in positive (C13ORF18-unmethylated) cells to >110-fold in negative (C13ORF18-methylated) cells. Re-activation of C13ORF18 resulted in significant cell growth inhibition and/or induction of apoptosis. Co-treatment of cell lines with ATFs and epigenetic drugs further enhanced the ATF-induced effects. Interestingly, re-activation of C13ORF18 led to partial demethylation of the C13ORF18 promoter and decreased repressive histone methylation. These data demonstrate the potency of ATFs to re-express and potentially demethylate hypermethylated silenced genes. Concluding, we show that C13ORF18 has a TSG function in cervical cancer and may serve as a therapeutic anti-cancer target. As the amount of epimutations in cancer exceeds the number of gene mutations, ATFs provide promising tools to validate hypermethylated marker genes as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Huisman
- Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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