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Diedrich JD, Cole CE, Pianko MJ, Colacino JA, Bernard JJ. Non-Toxicological Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Obesity-Associated Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5255. [PMID: 37958428 PMCID: PMC10649826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not only a risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM) incidence, but it is also associated with an increased risk of progression from myeloma precursors-monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance-and smoldering myeloma. Adipocytes in the bone marrow (BMAs) microenvironment have been shown to facilitate MM cell growth via secreted factors, but the nature of these secreted factors and their mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. The elevated expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is associated with a variety of different cancers, including MM; however, the role of AhR activity in obesity-associated MM cell growth and survival has not been explored. Indeed, this is of particular interest as it has been recently shown that bone marrow adipocytes are a source of endogenous AhR ligands. Using multiple in vitro models of tumor-adipocyte crosstalk to mimic the bone microenvironment, we identified a novel, non-toxicological role of the adipocyte-secreted factors in the suppression of AhR activity in MM cells. A panel of six MM cell lines were cultured in the presence of bone marrow adipocytes in (1) a direct co-culture, (2) a transwell co-culture, or (3) an adipocyte-conditioned media to interrogate the effects of the secreted factors on MM cell AhR activity. Nuclear localization and the transcriptional activity of the AhR, as measured by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene induction, were suppressed by exposure to BMA-derived factors. Additionally, decreased AhR target gene expression was associated with worse clinical outcomes. The knockdown of AhR resulted in reduced CYP1B1 expression and increased cellular growth. This tumor-suppressing role of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was supported by patient data which demonstrated an association between reduced target gene expression and worse overall survival. These data demonstrated a novel mechanism by which bone marrow adipocytes promote MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Craig E. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48910, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, McLaren Greater Lansing, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matthew J. Pianko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Martin NR, Patel R, Kossack ME, Tian L, Camarillo MA, Cintrón-Rivera LG, Gawdzik JC, Yue MS, Nwagugo FO, Elemans LMH, Plavicki JS. Proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for establishing neural connectivity and oligodendrocyte precursor cell development in the embryonic zebrafish brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1032302. [PMID: 36523606 PMCID: PMC9745199 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1032302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-[p]-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent global pollutant that exhibits a high affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Epidemiological studies have associated AHR agonist exposure with multiple human neuropathologies. Consistent with the human data, research studies using laboratory models have linked pollutant-induced AHR activation to disruptions in learning and memory as well as motor impairments. Our understanding of endogenous AHR functions in brain development is limited and, correspondingly, scientists are still determining which cell types and brain regions are sensitive to AHR modulation. To identify novel phenotypes resulting from pollutant-induced AHR activation and ahr2 loss of function, we utilized the optically transparent zebrafish model. Early embryonic TCDD exposure impaired embryonic brain morphogenesis, resulted in ventriculomegaly, and disrupted neural connectivity in the optic tectum, habenula, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. Altered neural network formation was accompanied by reduced expression of synaptic vesicle 2. Loss of ahr2 function also impaired nascent network development, but did not affect gross brain or ventricular morphology. To determine whether neural AHR activation was sufficient to disrupt connectivity, we used the Gal4/UAS system to express a constitutively active AHR specifically in differentiated neurons and observed disruptions only in the cerebellum; thus, suggesting that the phenotypes resulting from global AHR activation likely involve multiple cell types. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that TCDD exposure reduced the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their derivatives. Together, our findings indicate that proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for the growth and maturation of the embryonic zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ratna Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle E. Kossack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lucy Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Manuel A. Camarillo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Layra G. Cintrón-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph C. Gawdzik
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Monica S. Yue
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Favour O. Nwagugo
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Loes M. H. Elemans
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica S. Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Jessica S. Plavicki,
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Therachiyil L, Hussein OJ, Uddin S, Korashy HM. Regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cancer and cancer stem cells of gynecological malignancies: An update on signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1186-1202. [PMID: 36252938 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies are a female type of cancers that affects the reproductive system. Cancer metastasis or recurrence mediated by cellular invasiveness occurs at advanced stages of cancer progression. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) enrichment in tumors leads to chemoresistance, which results in cancer mortality. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with an increased the risk of CSC enrichment in gynecological cancers. One of the important pathways that mediates the metabolism and bioactivation of these environmental chemicals is the transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The present review explores the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk and interaction of the AhR with cancer-related signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune checkpoints, and G-protein-coupled receptors in several gynecological malignancies such as ovarian, uterine, endometrial, and cervical cancers. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the AhR pathway as a novel chemotherapy for gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ola J Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Lu YC, Kuan YH, Lin CY, Chou YT, Chen SC, Gao GL, Hsu CW, Su JGJ. Alizarin as a New Activator of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural red dye extracted from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (family Rubiaceae). Alizarin has been used as a biological red stain for calcium. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has critical roles in multiple physiological pathways. This study aimed to determine whether alizarin is an unreported ligand of AhR. In the present study, we investigated the effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA, protein expression, AhR nuclear translocation, aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) reporter activity, and AhR-specific antagonist following alizarin treatment of cells of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and murine hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1c1c7. Alizarin induced CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 and Hep-1c1c7 cells. Such induction was not present in C4 (B13NBii1) cells, which are AhR signal deficient, C12 (B15ECiii2) cells, which reduce AhR protein levels. The alizarin-induced responses were blocked by CH-223191, which is an AhR antagonist. Alizarin, the same as with the AhR ligand, induced the nuclear localization of AhR, as well as stimulated the transcriptional activity of AHRE. The results of this study suggest that alizarin is an AhR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Che Lu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lun Gao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chiang Wei Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jyan-Gwo Joseph Su
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Xu T, Luo Y, Xie HQ, Xia Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Guo Z, Xu L, Zhao B. Systematic identification of molecular mechanisms for aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated neuroblastoma cell migration. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107461. [PMID: 35981476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell migration is affected by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, the systematic molecular mechanisms underlying AhR-mediated migration of human neuroblastoma cells are not fully understood. To address this issue, we performed an integrative analysis of mRNA and microRNA (miR) expression profiles in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent agonist of AhR. The cell migration was increased in a time- and concentration- dependent manner, and was blocked by AhR antagonist (CH223191). A total of 4,377 genes were differentially expressed after 24-hour-treatment with 10-10 M TCDD, of which the upregulated genes were significantly enriched in cell migration-related biological pathways. Thirty-four upregulated genes, of which 25 were targeted by 78 differentially expressed miRs, in the axon guidance pathway were experimentally confirmed, and the putative dioxin-responsive elements were present in the promoter regions of most genes (79 %) and miRs (82 %) in this pathway. Furthermore, two promigratory genes (CFL2 and NRP1) induced by TCDD was reversed by blockade of AhR. In conclusion, AhR-mediated mRNA-miR networks in the axon guidance pathway may represent a potential molecular mechanism of dioxin-induced directional migration of human neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Xu L, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhu R, Li S, Zhang S, Zhang J, Xie HQ, Zhao B. Emodin inhibits U87 glioblastoma cells migration by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113357. [PMID: 35272197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated receptor to mediates the biological reactions of many environmental and natural compounds, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma. Although it has been reported that AhR agonist emodin can suppress some kinds of tumors, its inhibitory effect on glioblastoma migration and its relationship with AhR remain unclear. Based on the complexity of tumor pathogenesis and the tissue specificity of AhR, we hope can further understand the effect of emodin on glioblastoma and explore its mechanism. We found that the inhibitory effect of emodin on the migration of U87 glioblastoma cells increased with time, and the cell migration ability was inhibited by about 25% after 36 h exposure. In this process, emodin promoted the expression of the tumor suppressor IL24 by activating the AhR signaling pathway. Reducing the expression of AhR or IL24 by interfering RNA could block or relieve the inhibitory effect of emodin on the U87 cells migration, which indicates the inhibition of emodin on the migration of glioblastoma is mediated by the AhR-IL24 axis. Our data proved the AhR-IL24 signal axis is an important pathway for emodin to inhibit the migration of glioblastoma, and the AhR signaling pathway can be used as a key target to research the regulation effect and its mechanism of compounds on glioblastoma migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhu R, Xu L, Xie HQ, Zhao B. Rutaecarpine Inhibits U87 Glioblastoma Cell Migration by Activating the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:765712. [PMID: 34955744 PMCID: PMC8696176 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.765712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary astrocytoma in adults. The high migration ability of the tumor cells is an important reason for the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis of glioblastoma. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that the migration ability of glioblastoma cells was inhibited upon the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), suggesting potential anti-tumor effects of AhR agonists. Rutaecarpine is a natural compound with potential tumor therapeutic effects which can possibly bind to AhR. However, its effect on the migration of glioblastoma is unclear. Therefore, we aim to explore the effects of rutaecarpine on the migration of human glioblastoma cells U87 and the involvement of the AhR signaling pathway. The results showed that: (i) compared with other structural related alkaloids, like evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine, rutaecarpine was a more potent AhR activator, and has a stronger inhibitory effect on the glioblastoma cell migration; (ii) rutaecarpine decreased the migration ability of U87 cells in an AhR-dependent manner; (iii) AhR mediated the expression of a tumor suppressor interleukin 24 (IL24) induced by rutaecarpine, and AhR-IL24 axis was involved in the anti-migratory effects of rutaecarpine on the glioblastoma. Besides IL24, other candidates AhR downstream genes both associated with cancer and migration were proposed to participate in the migration regulation of rutaecarpine by RNA-Seq and bioinformatic analysis. These data indicate that rutaecarpine is a naturally-derived AhR agonist that could inhibit the migration of U87 human glioblastoma cells mostly via the AhR-IL24 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Sha R, Li Y, Xu T, Hu X, Xu L, Xie Q, Zhao B. A new insight into the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the migration of glioblastoma by AhR-IL24 axis regulation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106658. [PMID: 34082239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer occurrence and development are closely related to the environment. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important receptor mediating the toxic effects of many environmental compounds, and is also involved in regulating tumor cell migration. Glioblastoma is the most malignant glioma and exhibits high motility, but the effects of AhR on the migration of glioblastoma are still unclear. We aimed to understand the role of AhR in the migration of this type of tumor cell and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. In cultured human neuroblastoma cells (U87), we found that AhR overexpression or knockdown increased or suppressed the migration ability of U87 cells, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of basal activation of the AhR pathway suppressed migration ability, suggesting a positive correlation between endogenous activity of the AhR pathway and cell migration. When the AhR pathway was activated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or 6-formyl [3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ), the migration of U87 cells was inhibited by inducing the expression of a tumor suppressor, IL24, which is a downstream responsive gene of AhR activation. Moreover, a similar AhR-IL24-dependent mechanism for migration inhibition of TCDD was documented in a breast cancer cell line and a lung cancer cell line. This study demonstrated that AhR plays important roles in regulating the migration of glioblastoma, and the induction of the AhR-IL24 axis mediates the inhibition of migration in response to TCDD or FICZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Sharma D, Rani P, Onteru SK, Roy P, Tyagi RK, Singh SP, Singh D. Reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of AhR receptor responsive xenobiotics. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:359-366. [PMID: 33563076 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1884923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are a group of highly toxic environmental persistent organic pollutants, which are lipophilic in nature. 2, 3, 7, 8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic representative of this class. TCDD causes several human health effects like endocrine disruption, carcinogenesis and reproductive toxicity mediated by aryl-hydrocarbon receptor. Current detection methods of dioxins like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry etc. are costly and time consuming. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a relatively faster and cheaper technique called reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect dioxins. Cultured granulosa cells used as a model system were treated with different doses (5, 10 and 15 pg/mL) of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)responsive xenobiotic, TCDD, in accordance with maximum residue limit values. Cells were treated for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively to study the gene expression of TCDD receptor called AhR and AhR responsive genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in a dose and time dependent manner. All targeted genes expression significantly increased after 6 and 12 h by 1.3-8 folds. For the development of RT-LAMP assay, CYP1A1 gene was used with 6 h TCDD treatment. RT-LAMP assay was standardized with optimal color change at 30 min using 50 ng of cellular RNA. In all the cases, we could distinguish RT-LAMP-positive condition from one sample to another sample due to intensity of color. The method was also validated by spectrometric method. In conclusion, the developed method will be used to screen AhR receptor responsive xenobiotics by observing the color change in RT-LAMP assay like dioxin used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Sharma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tyagi
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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10
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Someya S, Tohyama S, Kameda K, Tanosaki S, Morita Y, Sasaki K, Kang MI, Kishino Y, Okada M, Tani H, Soma Y, Nakajima K, Umei T, Sekine O, Moriwaki T, Kanazawa H, Kobayashi E, Fujita J, Fukuda K. Tryptophan Metabolism Regulates Proliferative Capacity of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2021; 24:102090. [PMID: 33615198 PMCID: PMC7878994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have a unique metabolic signature for maintenance of pluripotency, self-renewal, and survival. Although hPSCs could be potentially used in regenerative medicine, the prohibitive cost associated with large-scale cell culture presents a major barrier to the clinical application of hPSC. Moreover, without a fully characterized metabolic signature, hPSC culture conditions are not optimized. Here, we performed detailed amino acid profiling and found that tryptophan (TRP) plays a key role in the proliferation with maintenance of pluripotency. In addition, metabolome analyses revealed that intra- and extracellular kynurenine (KYN) is decreased under TRP-supplemented conditions, whereas N-formylkynurenine (NFK), the upstream metabolite of KYN, is increased thereby contributing to proliferation promotion. Taken together, we demonstrate that TRP is indispensable for survival and proliferation of hPSCs. A deeper understanding of TRP metabolism will enable cost-effective large-scale production of hPSCs, leading to advances in regenerative medicine. TRP is the only AA that enables enhanced hPSC proliferation by supplementation hPSCs proliferate with pluripotency after long-term culture in TRP supplementation The proliferative properties of hPSCs are independent of AhR signaling TRP-derived NFK contributes to enhanced hPSC proliferation
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Someya
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kameda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Tanosaki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Moon-Il Kang
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Marina Okada
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Otoya Sekine
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taijun Moriwaki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Endowed Course for Severe Heart Failure Treatment II, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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11
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Orta OR, Wesselink AK, Bethea TN, Claus Henn B, Weuve J, Fruh V, McClean MD, Sjodin A, Baird DD, Wise LA. Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pesticides and incidence of uterine leiomyomata: A prospective ultrasound study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e127. [PMID: 33778359 PMCID: PMC7939431 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are hormone-responsive benign neoplasms. Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can disrupt hormones involved in UL etiology. METHODS The Study of Environmental, Lifestyle, and Fibroids is a Detroit-area prospective cohort of 1693 Black women 23-35 years of age. At baseline and approximately every 20 months for 5 years, women completed questionnaires and underwent transvaginal ultrasounds. Using a case-cohort study design, we selected 729 UL-free participants at baseline and analyzed baseline plasma samples for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBB-153), and OCPs. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Compared with total PBDE plasma concentrations <50th percentile, adjusted HRs for the 50th-74th, 75th-89th, and ≥90th percentiles were 1.00 (95% CI = 0.68, 1.47), 1.04 (95% CI = 0.63, 1.68), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.48, 1.50), respectively. HRs for PBB-153 plasma concentrations were generally similar to total PBDE plasma concentrations. Compared with total OCP plasma concentrations <50th percentile, HRs for the 50th-74th, 75th-89th, and ≥90th percentiles were 0.86 (95% CI = 0.57, 1.29), 0.73 (95% CI = 0.43, 1.22), and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.32, 1.04), respectively. HRs for individual PBDEs and OCPs were similar to their respective totals. CONCLUSION We found little support for an association between brominated flame retardant plasma concentrations and UL incidence, and some evidence of lower UL incidence with the highest OCP plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amelia K. Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D. McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Donna D. Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren A. Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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AhR and Cancer: From Gene Profiling to Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020752. [PMID: 33451095 PMCID: PMC7828536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been shown to be an essential regulator of a broad spectrum of biological activities required for maintaining the body’s vital functions. AhR also plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Its role in cancer is complex, encompassing both pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities. Its level of expression and activity are specific to each tumor and patient, increasing the difficulty of understanding the activating or inhibiting roles of AhR ligands. We explored the role of AhR in tumor cell lines and patients using genomic data sets and discuss the extent to which AhR can be considered as a therapeutic target.
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13
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Zhang X, He B, Chen E, Lu J, Wang J, Cao H, Li L. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand ITE inhibits cell proliferation and migration and enhances sensitivity to drug-resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:178-192. [PMID: 32510618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is considered as a crucial gene during tumor formation and progress. Among various ligands, 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) has been evaluated to share a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, the specific effects and potential mechanisms of ITE against hepatocellular carcinoma remain unclear. Here we explored whether ITE exerted antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We found that ITE could markedly inhibit proliferation of HCCLM3 and SMMC-7721 cells and induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis with alterations of expressions of the related proteins. Also, ITE could prohibit the process of migration and invasion evaluated by transwell assay. Moreover, ITE exhibited remarkable capability to repress the growth of HCCLM3-SR cells and induce apoptosis in contrast to sorafenib. Additionally, ITE also showed potent antitumor activity against the HCCLM3 xenograft by prohibiting tumor growth without any toxicity to mice. Mechanistically, AHR activation by ITE was attributed to inhibition of HCC cells as AHR knockdown would abolish ITE-induced suppression in HCC cells, and overexpression of AHR would potentiate antitumor activity regulated by ITE. Our data suggested that ITE manifested a marked antitumor effect against HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo via AHR activation mainly through inducing G1/G0 arrest and apoptosis and inhibiting the process of migration and invasion. Furthermore, we also found the PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in sorafenib-induced resistance and ITE could restore sensitivity by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, our study revealed that ITE would be a promising therapeutic agent to deal with HCC and an alternative for drug-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Polymorphisms within the Boule Gene Detected by Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) are Significantly Associated with Goat Litter Size. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110910. [PMID: 31683986 PMCID: PMC6912451 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a gene contributing to spermatogenesis, the Boule gene (also called Boll), whose mutations result in azoospermia and sterility of flies and mice, was conserved in reductional maturation divisions. However, in goats, the polymorphisms of Boule, especially with regard to their fundamental roles in female reproduction traits, are still unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were to detect a potential mutation (rs661484476: g.7254T>C) located in intron 2 of the Boule gene by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) and to explore its potential association with the litter size of Shaanbei White-Cashmere goats (SBWGs). In this study, g.7254T>C was firstly detected. The TT genotype was the dominant genotype in the single-lamb group, and T was also the dominant allele in all tested groups. Additionally, the detected locus displayed moderate polymorphism with polymorphism information content (PIC) values among all studied goats ranging from 0.303 to 0.344. Notably, according to the χ2 test, the distribution differences for the genotypic frequencies between the single- and multi-lamb groups was significant (p = 0.014). Furthermore, the polymorphisms of the goat Boule gene were significantly associated with the goat litter size in SBWGs (p < 0.05), which indicated that g.7254T>C could be a potential marker in the marker-assisted selection process for potential litter size in goats. These results also indicated that the Boule gene might exercise important functions in female goat reproduction, which provided new insight for female goat breeding and could accelerate the process of goat breeding.
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15
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Insertion/deletion (InDel) variations in sheep PLAG1 gene locating in growth-related major QTL are associated with adult body weight and morphometric traits. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Sun Q, Li Q, Xie F. LncRNA-MALAT1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by targeting miR-503-5p. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6297-6307. [PMID: 31496733 PMCID: PMC6691960 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common female disease with a poor prognosis. But the possible mechanism of OC tumor progression remains an active area of research. This study is intended to explore the effect of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on proliferation and apoptosis of OC and its mechanism. Materials and methods MALAT1 and miR-503-5p expressions in human OC cell lines and normal human ovarian epithelial (HOSE) cell line were measured using qRT-PCR. OC cell line SKOV3 is divided into 4 groups: pcDNA3.1 group, pcDNA3.1-MALAT1 group, si-NC group, and si-MALAT1 group. MTT assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were applied for the detection of cell proliferation. Relationship of MALAT1 with miR-503-5p was verified using luciferase assay and RNA pull-down. The luciferase activity in cells was normalized to RNA concentrations determined by Bradford assays. Results MALAT1 expression in OC cells was elevated compared with HOSE cells. MTT assay and EdU assay supported that si-MALAT1 could inhibit cell proliferation in OC cells. Treatment of si-MALAT1 results in increased cell apoptosis rate in both SKOV3 cells and OVCAR3 cells. The expression of lncRNA-MALAT1 was negatively associated with the expression of miR-503-5p in OC cells, while luciferase assay and RNA pull-down together supported the direct binding of MALAT1 with miR-503-5p. Knockdown of MALAT1 was able to inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, and MALAT1 overexpression was accompanied by activation of these factors. Conclusion lncRNA-MALAT1 can negatively target miR-503-5p expression to further promote proliferation and depress apoptosis of OC cells through the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang S, Cao X, Li Y, Wang K, Yuan M, Lan X. Detection of polled intersex syndrome (PIS) and its effect on phenotypic traits in goats. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:561-565. [PMID: 31198087 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1625782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polled intersex syndrome (PIS), a physiological defect associates polledness and intersexuality, will directly affect the reproduction and other phenotypic traits of goats, thus, it is a hazard to the development of the goat industry. Recent studies have revealed that goat PIS was caused by an 11.7-kb deletion located in chromosome 1q43, but its DNA detection method was little reported. Herein, a total of 503 goats from three goat breeds were used to successfully establish a simple, rapid, accurate and effective method for the detection of goat PIS mutation. Furthermore, based on this assay, the associations between the PIS mutation and growth traits were analyzed in Guanzhong dairy goats. These findings would provide the potential practical application for molecular breeding to accelerate the development of the goat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Zhang
- Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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18
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Deuster E, Mayr D, Hester A, Kolben T, Zeder-Göß C, Burges A, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Trillsch F, Czogalla B. Correlation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with FSHR in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122862. [PMID: 31212758 PMCID: PMC6628023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been described in various tumor entities from different organs. However, its role in ovarian cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of AhR, its correlation with the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and their functional role in ovarian cancer. By immunohistochemistry, AhR staining was analyzed in a subset of 156 samples of ovarian cancer patients. AhR staining was assessed in the nucleus and the cytoplasm using the semi-quantitative immunoreactive score (IRS), and the scores were grouped into high- and low-level expression. AhR expression was detected in all histological subtypes, with clear cell ovarian cancer displaying the highest staining intensity. Low cytoplasmic expression of AhR was associated with longer overall survival (median 183.46 vs. 85.07 months; p = 0.021). We found a positive correlation between AhR and FSHR (p = 0.005). Ovarian cancer patients with high cytoplasmic AhR and concurrent FSHR expression had the worst outcome (median 69.72 vs. 43.32 months; p = 0.043). Consequently, low cytoplasmic AhR expression seems to be associated with improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. Our data suggest that AhR and FSHR levels correlate with each other, and their concurrent expression was observed in ovarian cancer patients with the worst outcome. Further investigation of the interaction of both receptors and their functional role might better predict the impact of endocrine therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Deuster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Anna Hester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christine Zeder-Göß
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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19
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Pang LP, Li Y, Zou QY, Zhou C, Lei W, Zheng J, Huang SA. ITE inhibits growth of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2018; 43:283-292. [PMID: 29140133 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1367868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a deadly disorder is associated with excessive growth of human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAECs) and smooth muscle (HPASMCs) cells. Current therapies primarily aim at promoting vasodilation, which only ameliorates clinical symptoms without a cure. 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) is an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, and mediates many cellular function including cell growth. However, the roles of ITE in human lung endothelial cells remain elusive. Herein, we tested a hypothesis that ITE inhibits growth of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells via AhR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize AhR expression in human lung tissues. The crystal violet method and MTT assay were used to determine ITE's effects on growth of HPAECs. The AhR activation in HPAECs was confirmed using Western blotting and RT-qPCR. The role of AhR in ITE-affected proliferation of HPAECs was assessed using siRNA knockdown method followed by the crystal violet method. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that AhR was present in human lung tissues, primarily in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of pulmonary veins and arteries, as well as in bronchial and alveolar sac epithelia. We also found that ITE dose- and time-dependently inhibited proliferation of HPAECs with a maximum inhibition of 83% at 20 µM after 6 days of treatment. ITE rapidly decreased AhR protein levels, while it increased mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP), family 1, member A1 (CYP1A1) and B1 (CYP1B1), indicating activation of the AhR/CYP1A1 and AhR/CYP1B1 pathways in HPAECs. The AhR siRNA significantly suppressed AhR protein expression, whereas it did not significantly alter ITE-inhibited growth of HPAECs. CONCLUSIONS ITE suppresses growth of HPAECs independent of AhR, suggesting that ITE may play an important role in preventing excessive growth of lung endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Pin Pang
- a Cardiovascular Medicine Center , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , P.R. China.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Yan Li
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Chi Zhou
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Wei Lei
- a Cardiovascular Medicine Center , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- a Cardiovascular Medicine Center , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , P.R. China.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Shi-An Huang
- a Cardiovascular Medicine Center , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , P.R. China
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20
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Li J, Zhang S, Erdenee S, Sun X, Dang R, Huang Y, Lei C, Chen H, Xu H, Cai Y, Lan X. Nucleotide variants in prion-related protein (testis-specific) gene (PRNT) and effects on Chinese and Mongolian sheep phenotypes. Prion 2018; 12:185-196. [PMID: 29695200 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1467193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the ovine prion-related protein (testis-specific) gene (PRNT), including studies of genetic diversity, have highlighted its potential relationship to scrapie infection and economically important ovine traits. PRNT was previously reported to be highly polymorphic in Portuguese sheep. To characterize genetic polymorphisms in this gene in Asian sheep, a direct sequencing method was used to detect polymorphic loci in PRNT in 285 individual sheep from four Chinese and one Mongolian breeds. Seven SNP variants in PRNT were identified, including three novel variants (g.93G>A, g.162G>T, and g.190A>G) and four previously reported variants (g.17 C>T, g.112G>C, g.129C>T, and g.144A>G). In the five breeds that we analyzed, the mutation frequencies of g.190A>G in Lanzhou Fat-tail sheep (LFTS) and g.129C>T in the other four varieties were high (F>0.5). Moreover, thirteen different haplotypes that had a comparable distribution in the tested breeds were also identified; 'C-G-G-C-A-G-A' occurred at the highest frequency in the five sheep breeds. Additionally, we previously explored the significance of relationships between polymorphisms in PRNP or PRND and ovine growth performance. Here, we also performed correlation analysis in all tested loci. These loci polymorphisms were significantly associated with ten different growth traits (P<0.05), except for g.93G>A. Meanwhile, in contrast to a previous study, there was no significant association between the seven SNP loci analyzed and our previously reported sheep PRND or PRNP insertion/deletion mutations. Our findings may provide new insights into polymorphic variation in ovine PRNT, which may contribute to genetic improvements in economic traits that are important for sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology, Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology, Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Sarantsetseg Erdenee
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hong Chen
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- c Science Experimental Center, College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities , Chengguan District, Lanzhou City in northwest, Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Yong Cai
- c Science Experimental Center, College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities , Chengguan District, Lanzhou City in northwest, Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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21
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Chen S, Chai M, Tian C, Li Y, Deng T, Wu H, Liu X. Genetic variants of fatty acid elongase 6 in Chinese Holstein cow. Gene 2018; 670:123-129. [PMID: 29787827 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In the dairy industry, genetic variants have contributed to the improvement of milk production traits. Fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6), which elongates saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), plays a distinct role in the balance of long-chain fatty acids composition in animals. ELOVL6 catalyzes the elongation of palmitic acids (C16:0) which is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals and also an essential precursor to synthesize other long-chain fatty acids. However, the genetic variant research of bovine ELOVL6 on milk quality traits is still unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of bovine ELOVL6 and explored the relationship between SNPs and milk quality traits including milk yield, fat content, protein content and somatic cell score. In this study, three SNPs, including SNP1 (g16379651A>G), SNP2 (g16458976A>G) and SNP3 (g16511290A>G), have been identified in intron 3 and 3'UTR regions of ELOVL6 in Chinese Holstein (CH) cows. Besides, the results of genetic diversity analysis, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis indicated that these SNPs presented moderate polymorphisms which reflected relatively high genetic diversity. No strong linkage among these SNPs were detected in sampled population of cows. Moreover, the results of correlation analyses demonstrated that these SNPs of bovine ELOVL6 were significantly related to milk yield (P < 0.05). The SNP1 was also correlated with somatic cell score, whereas the SNP3 was associated with fat content. The 21 combined genotypes (diplotypes) were highly significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with milk yield. These results revealed that the genetic variants of bovine ELOVL6 influenced the milk production of CH cows. Hence, the three SNPs could be regarded as molecular markers in marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the dairy cow breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menglin Chai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Xue P, Fu J, Zhou Y. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:286. [PMID: 29487603 PMCID: PMC5816799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important cytosolic, ligand-dependent transcription factor. Emerging evidence suggests the promoting role of the AhR in the initiation, promotion, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Studies on various tumor types and tumor cell lines have shown high AhR expression, suggesting that AhR is activated constitutively in tumors and facilitates their growth. Interestingly, immune evasion has been recognized as an emerging hallmark feature of cancer. A connection between the AhR and immune system has been recognized, which has been suggested as an immunosuppressive effector on different types of immune cells. Certain cancers can escape immune recognition via AhR signaling pathways. This review discusses the role of the AhR in tumor immunity and its potential mechanism of action in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xue
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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23
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Li J, Erdenee S, Zhang S, Wei Z, Zhang M, Jin Y, Wu H, Chen H, Sun X, Xu H, Cai Y, Lan X. Genetic effects of PRNP gene insertion/deletion (indel) on phenotypic traits in sheep. Prion 2018; 12:42-53. [PMID: 29394137 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1405886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion protein (PRNP) gene is well known for affecting mammal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), and is also reported to regulate phenotypic traits (e.g. growth traits) in healthy ruminants. To identify the insertion/deletion (indel) variations of the PRNP gene and evaluate their effects on growth traits, 768 healthy individuals from five sheep breeds located in China and Mongolia were identified and analyzed. Herein, four novel indel polymorphisms, namely, Intron-1-insertion-7bp (I1-7bp), Intron-2-insertion-15bp (I2-15bp), Intron-2-insertion-19bp (I2-19bp), and 3' UTR-insertion-7bp (3' UTR-7bp), were found in the sheep PRNP gene. In five analyzed breeds, the minor allelic frequencies (MAF) of the above indels were in the range of 0.008 to 0.986 (I1-7bp), 0.113 to 0.336 (I2-15bp), 0.281 to 0.510 (I2-19bp), and 0.040 to 0.238 (3' UTR-7bp). Additionally, there were 15 haplotypes and the haplotype 'II2-15bp-D3'UTR-7bp-DI2-19bp-DI1-7bp' had the highest frequency, which varied from 0.464 to 0.629 in five breeds. Moreover, association analysis revealed that all novel indel polymorphisms were significantly associated with 13 different growth traits (P < 0.05). Particularly, the influences of I2-15bp on chest width (P = 0.001) in Small Tail Han sheep (ewe), 3' UTR-7bp on chest circumference (P = 0.003) in Hu sheep, and I2-19bp on tail length (P = 0.001) in Tong sheep, were highly significant (P < 0.01). These findings may be a further step toward the detection of indel-based typing within and across sheep breeds, and of promising target loci for accelerating the progress of marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Sarantsetseg Erdenee
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Meng Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yunyun Jin
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hui Wu
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hong Chen
- c Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- d Science Experimental Center, College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities , Chengguan District, Lanzhou City in northwest, Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Yong Cai
- d Science Experimental Center, College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities , Chengguan District, Lanzhou City in northwest, Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- b College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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24
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Zhang S, Liu J, Xu K, Li Z. Notch signaling via regulation of RB and p-AKT but not PIK3CG contributes to MIA PaCa-2 cell growth and migration to affect pancreatic carcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2105-2110. [PMID: 29434912 PMCID: PMC5777124 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. The understanding of the expression pattern of key protein factors and their function in pancreatic cancer cells is therefore vital for the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy. The results of the present study reveal that the levels of neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 (Notch2) and phosphorylated (p)-SMAD family member 2 decreased, whereas the expression of Notch3 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit-γ protein increased in human pancreatic cancer tissues compared with tumor-adjacent tissues. Using the human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cell line, it was observed that retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB) and p-RB expression were inhibited and p-AKT was upregulated when Notch signaling was activated in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit-γ (PIK3CG) activity by AS-605240 was able to block the growth and migration of MIA PaCa-2 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that the Notch signal pathway may be involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis by modulating RB and p-AKT. PIK3CG may therefore be a potential target gene for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jingjiang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Keli Xu
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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25
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Wei ML, Duan P, Wang ZM, Ding M, Tu P. High glucose and high insulin conditions promote MCF‑7 cell proliferation and invasion by upregulating IRS1 and activating the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6690-6696. [PMID: 28901503 PMCID: PMC5865785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but the molecular mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high glucose and high insulin conditions on MCF‑7 breast cancer cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. High glucose and high insulin conditions resulted in increased viability, proliferation, and invasion in MCF‑7 cells compared with normal glucose and low insulin conditions. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses revealed that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) was significantly upregulated following high glucose and high insulin treatment compared with normal glucose and low insulin conditions. Furthermore, high glucose and high insulin treatment increased the Ras family of proto‑oncogenes (Ras) and RAF1 proto‑oncogene (Raf‑1) protein expression, and activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. These findings suggest that high glucose and high insulin conditions promoted the proliferation and invasion of MCF‑7 cells by upregulating IRS1 and activating the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Miao Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Ping Tu, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, 2 South Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China, E-mail:
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26
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Li Y, Wang K, Zou QY, Jiang YZ, Zhou C, Zheng J. ITE Suppresses Angiogenic Responses in Human Artery and Vein Endothelial Cells: Differential Roles of AhR. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:181-188. [PMID: 28986273 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor is involved in regulation of many essential biological processes including vascular development and angiogenesis. 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) is an AhR ligand, which regulates immune responses and cancer cell growth. However, the roles of the ITE/AhR pathway in mediating placental angiogenesis remains elusive. Here, we determined if ITE affected placental angiogenic responses via AhR in human umbilical vein (HUVECs) and artery endothelial (HUAECs) cells in vitro. We observed that ITE dose- and time-dependently inhibited proliferation and viability of HUAECs and HUVECs, whereas it inhibited migration of HUAECs, but not HUVECs. While AhR siRNA significantly suppressed AhR protein expression in HUVECs and HUAECs, it attenuated the ITE-inhibited angiogenic responses of HUAECs, but not HUVECs. Collectively, ITE suppressed angiogenic responses of HUAECs and HUVECs, dependent and independent of AhR, respectively. These data suggest that ITE may regulate placental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Li J, Zhu X, Ma L, Xu H, Cao X, Luo R, Chen H, Sun X, Cai Y, Lan X. Detection of a new 20-bp insertion/deletion (indel) within sheep PRND gene using mathematical expectation (ME) method. Prion 2017; 11:143-150. [PMID: 28362554 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion-related protein doppel gene (PRND), as an essential member of the mammalian prion gene family, is associated with the scrapie susceptibility as well as phenotype traits, so the genetic variation of the PRND has been highly concerned recently, including the single nucleiotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (indel). Therefore, the objective of present study was to examine the possible indel variants by mathematical expectation (ME) detection method as well as explore its associations with phenotype traits. A novel 20-bp indel was verified in 623 tested individuals representing 4 diversity sheep breeds. The results showed that 3 genotypes were detected and the minor allelic frequency were 0.008 (Lanzhou Fat-Tail sheep, LFTS), 0.084 (Small Tail Han sheep, STHS), 0.021(Tong sheep, TS) and 0.083 (Hu sheep, HS), respectively. Comparing with the traditional method of detecting samples one by one, the reaction times with ME method was decreased by 36.22% (STHS), 37.00% (HS), 68.67% (TS) and 83.33% (LFTS), respectively. Besides, this locus was significantly associated to cannon circumference index (P = 0.012) and trunk index (P = 0.037) in the Hu sheep breed. Notably, it was not concordance with the present result of DNA sequencing (GCTGTCCCTGCAGGGCTTCT) and dbSNPase of NCBI (NC_443194: g.46184887- 46184906delCTGCTGTCCCTGCAGGGCTT). Consequently, it was the first time to detect the new 20-bp indel of sheep PRND gene by ME strategy, which might provide a valuable theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection in sheep genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China.,b Innovation Experimental College , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xichun Zhu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Lin Ma
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- c Science Experimental Center , Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China.,d College of Life Science and Engineering , Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China
| | - Xin Cao
- c Science Experimental Center , Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China.,d College of Life Science and Engineering , Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China
| | - Renyun Luo
- e Ruilin Sci-Tech Cluture and Breeding Limit Company , Yongjing , China
| | - Hong Chen
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Yong Cai
- c Science Experimental Center , Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China.,d College of Life Science and Engineering , Northwest University for Nationalities , Lanzhou , China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
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28
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Diao X, Carlier J, Zhu M, Pang S, Kronstrand R, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA. In vitro and in vivo human metabolism of a new synthetic cannabinoid NM-2201 (CBL-2201). Forensic Toxicol 2017; 35:20-32. [PMID: 28286577 PMCID: PMC5342258 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-016-0326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, NM-2201 (CBL-2201), a novel synthetic cannabinoid (SC), was detected by Russian and United States laboratories. It was already added to the scheduled drugs list in Japan, Sweden and Germany. Unfortunately, no human metabolism data are currently available, making it challenging to confirm its intake because all previous investigated SCs were extensively metabolized. The present study aims to recommend appropriate marker metabolites by investigating NM-2201 metabolism in human hepatocytes and confirm the results in authentic human urine specimens. For the metabolic stability assay, 1 μM NM-2201 was incubated in human liver microsomes (HLMs) for up to 1 h; for metabolite profiling, 10 μM of NM-2201 was incubated in human hepatocytes for 3 h. Two authentic urine specimens from NM-2201 positive cases were analyzed after β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Metabolite identification in hepatocyte samples and urine specimens was achieved with high-resolution mass spectrometry via information-dependent acquisition. NM-2201 was quickly metabolized in HLMs with an 8.0 min half-life. In human hepatocyte incubation samples, a total of thirteen NM-2201 metabolites were identified, generated mainly from ester hydrolysis and further hydroxylation, oxidative defluorination and subsequent glucuronidation. M13 (5-fluoro PB-22 3-carboxyindole) was the major metabolite. In the urine specimens, the parent drug NM-2201 was not detected; M13 was the predominant metabolite after β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Therefore, based on our study, we recommend the M13 as a suitable urinary marker metabolite for confirming NM-2201 and/or 5F-PB-22 intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Diao
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200 Room 05A727, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeremy Carlier
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200 Room 05A727, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | | | - Robert Kronstrand
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, 58758 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Drug Research, University of Linköping, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karl B. Scheidweiler
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200 Room 05A727, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200 Room 05A727, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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29
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Fu QR, Song W, Deng YT, Li HL, Mao XM, Lin CL, Zheng YH, Chen SM, Chen QH, Chen QX. ESC-3 induces apoptosis of human ovarian carcinomas through Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:241-251. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Yang Q, Lei C, Chen H, Lan X. Exploration of dairy goat PITX2 alternative splice events and differential isoform expression. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Gao L, Wang Y, Yao Y, Zhang G, Han G, Wu W. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin Mediated Cleft palate by Mouse Embryonic Palate Mesenchymal Cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:150-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Uruski P, Matuszkiewicz K, Szubert S, Moszyński R, Szpurek D, Sajdak S, Tykarski A, Książek K. Ovarian cancer-derived ascitic fluids induce a senescence-dependent pro-cancerogenic phenotype in normal peritoneal mesothelial cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:473-481. [PMID: 27444787 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE After the seeding ovarian cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity, ascitic fluid creates a microenvironment in which these cells can survive and disseminate. The exact nature of the interactions between malignant ascitic fluids and peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) in ovarian cancer progression has so far remained elusive. Here we assessed whether malignant ascitic fluids may promote the senescence of HPMCs and, by doing so, enhance the acquisition of their pro-cancerogenic phenotype. METHODS Primary omentum-derived HPMCs, ovarian cancer-derived cell lines (A2780, OVCAR-3, SKOV-3), malignant ascitic fluids and benign ascitic fluids from non-cancerous patients were used in this study. Ovarian cancer cell proliferation, as well as HPMC proliferation and senescence, were determined using flow cytometry and β-galactosidase assays, respectively. Ovarian cancer cell migration was quantified using a Transwell assay. The concentrations of soluble agents in ascitic fluids, conditioned media and cell lysates were measured using DuoSet® Immunoassay Development kits. RESULTS We found that HPMCs, when exposed to malignant ascitic fluids, exhibited decreased proliferation and increased senescence rates. The malignant ascitic fluids were found to contain elevated levels of HGF, TGF-β1 and GRO-1, of which HGF and GRO-1 were able to induce senescence in HPMCs. We also found that HPMCs subjected to malignant ascitic fluids or exogenously added HGF and GRO-1 stimulated ovarian cancer cell progression, which was manifested by an increased production of HA (adhesion), uPA (proliferation), IL-8 and MCP-1 (migration). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that malignant ascitic fluids may contribute to ovarian cancer progression by accelerating the senescence of HPMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Str, 60-535, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Moszyński
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Str, 60-535, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szpurek
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Str, 60-535, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Sajdak
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Str, 60-535, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str, 61-848, Poznań, Poland.
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Zhou S, Zhang R, Bi T, Lu Y, Jiang L. INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LYCOPENE AGAINST THE GROWTH OF HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:184-190. [PMID: 28852735 PMCID: PMC5566143 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Lycopene on HGC-27 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HGC-27 cells were treated with varying concentration lycopene for 24, 48, 72 h. The cell growth inhibition was analyzed by MTT. Western blotting was used to indicate changes in the levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) and phosphorylation-ERK (p-ERK). RESULTS Lycopene displayed antiproliferative activity in HGC-27 cell lines. Western blotting showed that Lycopene significantly enhanced LC3-I, p-ERK proteins expression. In gastric cancer nude mice model, lycopene treatment significantly decreased tumour weight. These findings indicated that lycopene treatment induces the anti-proliferation of HGC-27 cells. CONCLUSION Lycopene treatment inhibited HGC-27 cells growth by activating ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShenKang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - RuiLi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - TieNan Bi
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
| | - LiangXian Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Taizhou hospital, TaiZhou city, Zhejiang, china
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Zhang S, Qiu D, Liu J, Li Z. Active Components of Fungus Shiraia bambusiscola Can Specifically Induce BGC823 Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:149-58. [PMID: 27540519 PMCID: PMC4988413 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Gastric cancer is a major health issue worldwide. Using a therapeutic approach, with minor side-effects, is very essential for the treatment of the gastric cancer.
Shiraia bambusicola is a parasitic fungus which is widely used in China for curing several
diseases with little side-effects. However, the mechanisms are not well understood yet.
The aim of this study was to further understand the pharmacological mechanisms of Shiraia bambusicola and investigate whether it can be used for curing gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we mainly tested the effect of active
components extracted from Shiraia bambusicola on BGC823, A549 and HepG2 cells. We used
MTT assay to test cell viability. We also analyzed morphologic changes caused by apoptosis
using Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining, as well as cell cycle status and apoptosis ratio using flow-cytometer. In addition, protein expression level was tested by Western-blotting assay.
Results BGC-823 cell proliferation was specifically inhibited by active components of
Shiraia bambusicola. Meanwhile, these active components could induce BGC-823 cells
apoptosis and retard the cell cycle in S/G2 phase. We also determined that two critical
protein markers cleaved Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and FLICE-inhibitory
protein (FLIP), involved in apoptosis process, were regulated by these active components.
Conclusion These data shed light on the treatment of human gastric cancer and conclude
that Shiraia bambusicola can be a good therapeutic candidate for treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjiang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Tamir A, Gangadharan A, Balwani S, Tanaka T, Patel U, Hassan A, Benke S, Agas A, D'Agostino J, Shin D, Yoon S, Goy A, Pecora A, Suh KS. The serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) is a potential biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27036110 PMCID: PMC4815131 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OVC) is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers, primarily as a consequence of asymptomatic progression. The complex nature of OVC creates challenges for early detection, and there is a lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers suitable for screening and detecting early stage OVC. Methods Potential OVC biomarkers were identified by bioinformatic analysis. Candidates were further screened for differential expression in a library of OVC cell lines. OVC-specific overexpression of a candidate gene, PRSS8, which encodes prostasin, was confirmed against 18 major human cancer types from 390 cancer samples by qRT-PCR. PRSS8 expression profiles stratified by OVC tumor stage-, grade- and subtype were generated using cDNA samples from 159 OVC samples. Cell-specific expression and localization of prostasin was determined by immunohistological tissue array analysis of more than 500 normal, benign, and cancerous ovarian tissues. The presence of prostasin in normal, benign, and OVC serum samples was also determined. Results Gene expression analysis indicated that PRSS8 was expressed in OVC at levels more than 100 fold greater than found in normal or benign ovarian lesions. This overexpression signature was found in early stages of OVC and was maintained in higher stages and grades of OVC. The PRSS8 overexpression signature was specific for OVC and urinary bladder cancer among 18 human cancer types. The majority of ovarian cell lines overexpressed PRSS8. In situ hybridization and histopathology studies of OVC tissues indicated that overexpression of prostasin was largely localized to tumor epithelium and was absent in neighboring stroma. Significantly higher levels of prostasin were found in early stage OVC serum samples compared to benign ovarian and normal donor samples. Conclusions The abundant amounts of secreted prostasin found in sera of early stage OVC can potentially be used as a minimally invasive screening biomarker for early stage OVC. Overexpression of PRSS8 mRNA and high levels of prostasin in multiple subtypes of early stage ovarian tumors may provide clinical biomarkers for early detection of OVC, which can potentially be used with CA125 and HE4. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0228-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Tamir
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Anju Gangadharan
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Sakshi Balwani
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Takemi Tanaka
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma city, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ushma Patel
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Stephanie Benke
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Agnieszka Agas
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Joseph D'Agostino
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Dayoung Shin
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Sunghoon Yoon
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - K Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
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Zhang S, Wu X, Pan C, Lei C, Dang R, Chen H, Lan X. Identification of novel isoforms of dairy goat EEF1D and their mRNA expression characterization. Gene 2016; 581:14-20. [PMID: 26794801 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta (EEF1D) gene encodes guanine nucleotide exchange protein eEF1Bδ, which participates in the eukaryotic protein synthesis, and plays important roles in regulating cell cycling and milk production. This study firstly focused on detecting the isoforms of dairy goat EEF1D gene and their mRNA expression characterization. Herein, two novel isoforms, EEF1Da and EEF1Dc, were identified in dairy goat. The entire coding sequences of EEF1Da and EEF1Dc isoforms were 843bp and 267bp in length, respectively. Goat EEF1Da had complete conserved domains of elongation factor 1 (EF1) family, and the evolution of goat EEF1Da isoform was agreed with the evolution of species. Expression pattern analysis of different isoforms revealed relatively ubiquitous expression of EEF1D and EEF1Da. While EEF1Dc only expressed in heart, lung, kidney, adipose and muscle. Combining with the analysis results of cloning, qRT-PCR and bioinformatics, EEF1Da is the major alternative splicing form of EEF1D gene. Interestingly, qRT-PCR result showed that the highest expression of EEF1D was in adipose, which is the major component of mammary. This result was consistent with the early research that EEF1D expressed highly in the mammary, which indicated that EEF1D played a potential key role in regulating adipose development and milk production. All these findings would provide a foundation for the further research of EEF1D gene and development of dairy goat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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IL6-induced metastasis modulators p-STAT3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are targets of 3,3′-diindolylmethane in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 39:47-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Sharan RN, Vaiphei ST, Nongrum S, Keppen J, Ksoo M. Consensus reference gene(s) for gene expression studies in human cancers: end of the tunnel visible? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:419-31. [PMID: 26384826 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression studies are increasingly used to provide valuable information on the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. Also, for in vitro and in vivo experimental cancer models gene expression studies are widely used. The complex algorithms of differential gene expression analyses require normalization of data against a reference or normalizer gene, or a set of such genes. For this purpose, mostly invariant housekeeping genes are used. Unfortunately, however, there are no consensus (housekeeping) genes that serve as reference or normalizer for different human cancers. In fact, scientists have employed a wide range of reference genes across different types of cancer for normalization of gene expression data. As a consequence, comparisons of these data and/or data harmonizations are difficult to perform and challenging. In addition, an inadequate choice for a reference gene may obscure genuine changes and/or result in erroneous gene expression data comparisons. METHODS In our effort to highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate reference gene(s), we have screened the literature for gene expression studies published since the turn of the century on thirteen of the most prevalent human cancers worldwide. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of the data at hand, we firstly recommend that in each study the suitability of candidate reference gene(s) should carefully be evaluated in order to yield reliable differential gene expression data. Secondly, we recommend that a combination of PPIA and either GAPDH, ACTB, HPRT and TBP, or appropriate combinations of two or three of these genes, should be employed in future studies, to ensure that results from different studies on different human cancers can be harmonized. This approach will ultimately increase the depth of our understanding of gene expression signatures across human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India.
| | - S Thangminlal Vaiphei
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Saibadaiahun Nongrum
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Joshua Keppen
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Mandahakani Ksoo
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
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Identification of novel alternative splicing transcript and expression analysis of bovine TMEM95 gene. Gene 2015; 575:531-536. [PMID: 26385321 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 95 (TMEM95) is closely related to male reproductive performance in cattle, but does not affect semen quality. Alternative splicing plays an important role in regulating biological function as well as in generating proteomic and functional diversity in metazoan organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to clone and identify transcripts of the TMEM95 gene in cattle using RT-PCR, characterize them via bioinformatics analysis, and detect their expression patterns using qRT-PCR. Two transcripts of TMEM95 were identified in cattle, including TMEM95-SV1 and TMEM95-SV2. Bioinformatics predicted that TMEM95-SV1 has a leucine-rich repeat C-terminal domain and a Pfam: IZUMO. These regions are closely related to protein interactions and the acrosome reaction, respectively. Interestingly, the two transcripts were exclusively expressed in the testes and brain in male fetus cattle, and TMEM95-SV1 was expressed in the brain at significantly higher levels than in the testis (P<0.05, 4.06-fold) and TMEM95-SV2 in the brain (P<0.05, 4.95-fold). These findings enrich the understanding of the TMEM95 gene function and benefit for enhancing male reproduction in cattle industry.
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Patel S, Kumar L, Singh N. Metformin and epithelial ovarian cancer therapeutics. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:365-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Li Y, Wang K, Zou QY, Magness RR, Zheng J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin differentially suppresses angiogenic responses in human placental vein and artery endothelial cells. Toxicology 2015; 336:70-8. [PMID: 26275813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Placental angiogenesis is dramatically increased during pregnancy in association with the elevated placental blood flows to support the rapidly growing fetus. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental toxicant and a ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Herein, we investigated the effects of TCDD on proliferation, migration, and viability of fetoplacental endothelial cells in response to a complete growth medium which contained serum and growth supplement using human umbilical cord vein (HUVECs) and artery (HUAECs) cells as models. We found that TCDD dose- and time-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) proliferation of HUVECs and HUAECs. Treatment with TCDD at 10 nM for 6 days inhibited (p < 0.05) migration (by ∼ 30%) of HUAECs, but not HUVECs. TCDD at 10nM also decreased (p < 0.05) viability of HUVECs and HUAECs. Interestingly, specific AhR siRNA blocked (p < 0.05) the TCDD-inhibited cellular responses in HUAECs, but not HUVECs. Nonetheless, TCDD at 10nM neither affected the cell cycle progression, nor did it induce cell apoptosis in HUVECs and HUAECs. In addition, TCDD at 10 nM also did not alter activation of ERK1/2 and AKT1 in HUVECs and HUAECs. Collectively, TCDD suppresses proliferation and/or migration (two key steps of angiogenesis) of HUVECs and HUAECs independent and dependent of AhR, respectively. These data suggest that TCDD inhibited growth of HUVECs and HUAECs via decreasing cell viability. Thus, TCDD may inhibit fetoplacental angiogenesis, leading to negative pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China.
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Fan YY, Davidson LA, Callaway ES, Wright GA, Safe S, Chapkin RS. A bioassay to measure energy metabolism in mouse colonic crypts, organoids, and sorted stem cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G1-9. [PMID: 25977509 PMCID: PMC4491508 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00052.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that targeting cancer cell energy metabolism might be an effective therapeutic approach for selective ablation of malignancies. Using a Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer, we have demonstrated that select environmental agents can alter colonic mitochondrial function by increasing respiration-induced proton leak, thereby inducing apoptosis, a marker of colon cancer risk. To further probe bioenergetics in primary intestinal cells, we developed methodology that can be modified and adapted to measure the bioenergetic profiles of colonic crypts, the basic functional unit of the colon, and colonic organoids, an ex vivo 3D culture of colonic crypts. Furthermore, in combination with the MoFlo Astrios High-Speed Cell Sorter, we were able to measure the bioenergetic profiles of colonic adult stem and daughter cells from Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creER(T2) transgenic mice. We examined the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a full arylhydrocarbon receptor agonist, known to affect gastrointestinal function and cancer risk, on the bioenergetic profiles of intestinal epithelial cells. Mouse colonic crypts, organoids, or sorted single cells were seeded onto Matrigel-precoated Seahorse XF24 microplates for extracellular flux analysis. Temporal analyses revealed distinct energy metabolic profiles in crypts and organoids challenged with TCDD. Furthermore, sorted Lgr5(+) stem cells exhibited a Warburg-like metabolic profile. This is noteworthy because perturbations in stem cell dynamics are generally believed to represent the earliest step toward colon tumorigenesis. We propose that our innovative methodology may facilitate future in vivo/ex vivo metabolic studies using environmental agents affecting colonocyte energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yi Fan
- 1Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,3Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- 1Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,2Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,3Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;
| | - Evelyn S. Callaway
- 1Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,3Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;
| | - Gus A. Wright
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;
| | - Stephen Safe
- 2Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,5Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and ,6Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- 1Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,2Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,3Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; ,6Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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