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Dudzisz-Śledź M, Kondracka M, Rudzińska M, Zając AE, Firlej W, Sulejczak D, Borkowska A, Szostakowski B, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Piątkowski J, Rutkowski P, Czarnecka AM. Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma from Diagnosis to Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4581. [PMID: 37760551 PMCID: PMC10527018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma with a poor prognosis. Although these tumors are sensitive to radiotherapy/chemotherapy, the standard treatment for localized MCS is only surgical resection, and there are no established treatment guidelines for patients with advanced and metastatic MCS. Due to the low incidence of MCS, the pathology of these tumors is still unknown, and other therapeutic options are lacking. Some studies show the potential role of the PDGF/PPI3K/AKT, PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK, and pRB pathways, and BCL2 overexpression in the pathogenesis of MCS. These findings provide an opportunity to use protein kinases and BCL2 inhibitors as potential therapy in MCS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MCS diagnosis and treatment options. We show the immunological and molecular biomarkers used in the diagnosis of MCS. In addition, we discuss the known prognostic and predictive factors in MCS. Finally, we present the novel trends, including targeted therapies and ongoing clinical trials using protein kinase inhibitors and the death receptor 5 (DR5) agonist, which may be the focus of future MCS treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dudzisz-Śledź
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Monika Kondracka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Rudzińska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka E. Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Wiktoria Firlej
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Borkowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.-Ś.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (A.E.Z.); (W.F.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Dias e Silva D, Borba GB, Beal JR, Botrus G, Osawa A, Araújo SEA, Moura F, Guendelmann RAK, Uson Junior PLS. Response to Abemaciclib and Immunotherapy Rechallenge with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in a Heavily Pretreated TMB-H Metastatic Squamous Cell Lung Cancer with CDKN2A Mutation, PIK3CA Amplification and TPS 80%: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044209. [PMID: 36835617 PMCID: PMC9963198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene is considerably more frequent in squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC) than in other subtypes of lung cancer and may be a promising target for this histology. Here, we present the course of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with advanced SqCLC, harboring not only CDKN2A mutation but also PIK3CA amplification, Tumor Mutational Burden-High (>10 mutations/megabase), and a Tumor Proportion Score of 80%. After disease progression on multiple lines of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, he responded favorably to treatment with the CDK4/6i Abemaciclib and later achieved a durable partial response to immunotherapy rechallenge with a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4, nivolumab, and ipilimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dias e Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bes Borba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Beal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Gehan Botrus
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Akemi Osawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Eduardo Alonso Araújo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson Junior
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Zhou J, Chen D, Zhang S, Wang C, Zhang L. Identification of two molecular subtypes and a novel prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma based on a cuproptosis-associated gene signature. Front Genet 2023; 13:1039983. [PMID: 36712848 PMCID: PMC9877306 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1039983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of lung cancer clinically, with high mortality and poor prognosis. Cuproptosis present a newly discovered mode of cell death characterized by aggregation of fatty acylated proteins, depletion of iron-sulfur clusterin, triggering of HSP70, and induction of intracellular toxic oxidative stress. However, the impact of cuproptosis on lung adenocarcinoma development, prognosis, and treatment has not been elucidated. By systematically analyzing the genetic alterations of 10 cuproptosis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma, we found that CDKN2A, DLAT, LIAS, PDHA1, FDX1, GLS, and MTF1 were differentially expressed between lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Based on the expression levels of 10 cuproptosis-related genes, we classified lung adenocarcinoma patients into two molecular subtypes using the Consensus clustering method, of which subtype 2 had a worse prognosis. Differential expression genes associated with prognosis between the two subtypes were obtained by differential analysis and survival analysis, and cox lasso regression was applied to construct a cuproptosis-related prognostic model. Its survival predicting ability was validated in three extrinsic validation cohorts. The results of multivariate cox analysis indicated that cuproptosis risk score was an independent prognostic predictor, and the mixed model formed by cupproptosis prognostic model combined with stage had more robust prognostic prediction accuracy. We found the differences in cell cycle, mitosis, and p53 signaling pathways between high- and low-risk groups according to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The results of immune microenvironment analysis showed that the enrichment score of activated dendritic cells, mast cells, and type 2 interferon response were down-regulated in the high-risk group, while the fraction of neutrophils and M0 macrophages were upregulated in the high-risk group. Compared with the high-risk group, subjects in the low-risk group had higher Immunophenoscore and may be more sensitive to immunotherapy. We identified seven chemotherapy agents may improve the curative effect in LUAD samples with higher risk score. Overall, we discovered that cuproptosis is closely related to the occurrence, prognosis, and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. The cuproptosis prognostic model is a potential prognostic predictor and may provide new strategies for precision therapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, Sichuan, China
| | - Dehe Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhang,
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Gu L, Li C, Peng X, Lin H, Niu Y, Zheng H, Zhao G, Lin J. Flavopiridol Protects against Fungal Keratitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus by Alleviating Inflammation through the Promotion of Autophagy. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2362-2373. [PMID: 36283079 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a serious infectious keratopathy related to fungal virulence and excessive inflammatory responses. Autophagy exhibits a potent ability to resolve inflammation during fungal infection. This study aimed to investigate the protective function of flavopiridol in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis and explore its effects on autophagy. In our study, the corneas of the fungal keratitis mouse model were treated with 5 μM flavopiridol. In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 200 nM flavopiridol before fungal stimulation. A. fumigatus was incubated with flavopiridol, and the antifungal activity of flavopiridol was detected. Our results indicated that flavopiridol treatment notably reduced clinical scores as well as cytokines expression of infected corneas. In infected RAW 264.7 cells, flavopiridol treatment inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression but promoted IL-10 expression. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that more autolysosomes were present in infected corneas and RAW 264.7 cells after flavopiridol treatment. Flavopiridol treatment notably upregulated the protein expression of LC3, Beclin-1, and Atg-7. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy) pretreatment counteracted the cytokine regulation induced by flavopiridol. Moreover, flavopiridol promoted the phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells. Flavopiridol also exhibited antifungal activity by restricting fungal growth and limiting fungal biofilm formation and conidial adhesion. In conclusion, flavopiridol significantly alleviated the inflammation of fungal keratitis by activating autophagy. In addition, flavopiridol promoted the phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells and exhibited antifungal function, indicating the potential therapeutic role of flavopiridol in fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yawen Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hengrui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Shi WK, Li YH, Bai XS, Lin GL. The Cell Cycle-Associated Protein CDKN2A May Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Metastasis by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834235. [PMID: 35311137 PMCID: PMC8929760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy, and recurrence and metastasis contribute considerably to its high mortality. It is well known that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accelerates the rate of cancer cell dissemination and migration, thus promoting cancer metastasis. Targeted therapy is a common modality for cancer treatment, and it can play a role in inhibiting cancer progression. In this study, bioinformatics was used to search for genes associated with the prognosis of CRC. First, differential analysis was performed on colon and rectal cancer samples to obtain 2,840 and 3,177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. A Venn diagram was then used to identify 262 overlapping genes from the two groups of DEGs and EMT-related genes. The overlapping genes were subjected to batch survival analysis and batch expression analysis successively, and nine genes were obtained whose high expression in CRC led to a poor prognosis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) prognostic model was then constructed to obtain the risk score formula. A nomogram was constructed to seek prognostic independent factors to obtain CDKN2A. Finally, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blotting assays were performed to analyze the cellular biological function of CDKN2A. The results showed that knockdown of CDKN2A expression inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and cell cycle progression, and affected the EMT process in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Shan Bai
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Le Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shan G, Bi G, Bian Y, Valeria B, Zeng D, Zhang H, Yao G, Zhang Y, Fan H, Zhan C. Genomic And Tumor Microenvironment Differences Between Cell Cycle Progression Pathway Altered/Non-Altered Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843528. [PMID: 35296002 PMCID: PMC8919059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIdentified as a hallmark of cancer, the dysregulated cell cycle progression plays an important role in the promotion and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the genomic and microenvironment differences between cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered LUAD patients remain to be elucidated.Materials and MethodsData of this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including simple nucleotide variation, copy number variation (CNV), RNA-seq gene expression, miRNA expression, survival, and clinical information. Besides, 34 LUAD samples from our institution were used as a validation cohort. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration were detected. At last, we built a LASSO-binary Logistic regression model to predict the cell-cycle-related gene mutation (CDKN2A, CCND1, CDK4, CCNE1, and RB1) in LUAD patients and further verified it in the samples from our institution.ResultsBased on the cell cycle progression pathway status, the LUAD patients were divided into the mutation (n=322) and wild (n=46) groups. Compared to the wild group, the mutation group had a higher mutational load and CNV. Among the 16684 protein-coding genes analyzed, 302 were upregulated, and 354 were downregulated in the mutation group. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were closely related to metabolism items. After performing immune cell infiltration analysis of 22 immune cells, we found the proportion of 5 immune cells such as monocytes (P<0.01) and dendritic cells (P<0.01) were higher in the wild group. Finally, a cell-cycle-related 15-signature model was built by LASSO-Logistic regression analysis, which could predict the cell cycle progression pathway-related gene mutation (CDKN2A, CCND1, CDK4, CCNE1, and RB1) in LUAD patients. The validation cohorts showed the sensitivity and specificity of this model were 0.667 and 0.929, respectively.ConclusionThe genomic and microenvironment characteristics differed between the cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered patients with LUAD. Our findings may provide new insight into personalized treatment for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Besskaya Valeria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Hong Fan,
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Hong Fan,
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ai Z, Ma C, Wan R, Yin J, Li G, Li Y, Chen L. Anticancer Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Momordica cochinchinensis Seed Extract in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2644-2656. [PMID: 34907814 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2014904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Bcr-Abl is the key to the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Despite great progress in the treatment of patients with chronic CML, advanced CML patients are still unable to obtain effective and safe drugs. Momordica cochinchinensis seed is the dried ripe seed of Momordica cochinchinensis, which is a kind of fruit and consumed for dietary as well as medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of Momordica cochinchinensis seed extract (MCSE) in CML cells. CML cells (KBM5 and KBM5-T315I) were treated with MCSE and analyzed for growth, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Nude mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the antitumor activity of MCSE In Vivo. MCSE significantly reduced the cell viability of CML cells, triggered G0/G1 phase arrest in KBM5 cells and S phase arrest in KBM5-T315I cells. Concurrently, MCSE caused the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, PARP and the degradation of Mcl-1, ultimately triggering endogenous and exogenous cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, MCSE downregulated Bcr-Abl levels and its downstream signaling pathways. Additionally, MCSE inhibited the growth of CML cells in nude mouse xenografts. Taken together, this study demonstrated the anticancer mechanism of MCSE, namely blocking Bcr-Abl and downregulating Mcl-1, and finally induced apoptosis of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Ai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chong Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruiming Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyi Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Guiming Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Next-Generation Sequencing Whole-Genome Analysis for Targeted Treatment Approach of Metastatic Bartholin Gland Adenocarcinoma: An Emblematic Case Report and Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112085. [PMID: 34829431 PMCID: PMC8624694 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma (BGA) is extremely rare and is characterized by high rates of lymph-node recurrence and distant metastases. No effective palliative treatments are available for metastatic BGA; therefore, advanced BGA remains a challenge for gynecologic oncologists. Considering the rarity of this disease and the lack of a standardized approach, the present study aims to discuss the available literature on current therapies for BGA and to describe an emblematic case treated with a novel tailored approach. A postmenopausal woman with advanced BGA was referred to our department for an adequate evaluation, staging and treatment. Notably, we used PET/CT as a fundamental imaging technique for staging and follow-up. The patient underwent primary surgery followed by standard chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy. Three months later, she relapsed, with the appearance of multiple metastatic sites. Considering the evident chemoresistance to standard chemotherapy and the absence of valid therapeutic alternatives for this rare cancer, she was treated with a combination of repeated minimally invasive surgical procedures for all the resectable metastatic lesions and innovative approaches comprising, firstly, chemoimmunotherapy with Nivolumab combined with metronomic vinorelbine, which resulted in a clinical response for approximately 7 months. Upon disease progression, we used a targeted systemic approach based on the whole genomic profile of the primary tumor, which showed PTEN loss, which is predictive of a benefit from an mTOR inhibitor, and a CCND1 amplification, which predicts sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Therefore, she received Everolimus, resulting in a significant metabolic response that lasted 12 months. Thereafter, upon further progression of the disease, the patient started Palbociclib treatment, which is currently ongoing, with evidence of a metabolic response. The patient has survived for 54 months from diagnosis, with a good performance status. In conclusion, the present paper confirms the lack of efficacy of conventional therapeutic regimens in the context of advanced, recurrent or metastatic adenocarcinomas of the Bartholin gland. The case report shows how a personalized multidisciplinary approach based on repeated minimally invasive surgery and tailored anticancer treatment based on whole-genome sequencing analysis could be effective and associated with prolonged survival in this rare gynecological cancer.
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Wang H, Chen S, Meng D, Wu C, Zhu J, Jiang M, Ning J, Wu S, Wu L, Li J, Chen B, Zhao S, Li W, Yu J, Fang Q, Zhu J, Zhao W, He Y, Zhou C. Tumor Mutation Burden and Differentially Mutated Genes Among Immune Phenotypes in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2953-2965. [PMID: 33976553 PMCID: PMC8106479 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s294993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nowadays, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have been extensively applied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, the outcome of anti-program death-1/program death ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) therapy is not satisfying in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and its exact mechanisms have not been fully understood. Since tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor immune phenotype had been thought as potential predictors for efficacy of ICBs, we further studied the TMB and immune phenotype in LUAD patients to explore potential mechanisms for poor efficacy of ICBs in EGFR positive mutated patients and to find possible factors that could impact the tumor immune phenotype which might uncover some new therapeutic strategies or combination therapies. Methods We enrolled 223 LUAD patients who underwent surgery in our hospital. We evaluated TMB through targeted panel sequencing. The tumor immune phenotype, which could be divided into non-inflamed, intermediate and inflamed, was determined through immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Enumeration data were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test and shown as number (proportion). Logistic regression model was employed for univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between TMB levels and clinical characteristics. Results The median TMB level was 4.0445 mutations/Mb. Multivariate analysis showed the TMB level was significantly associated with age (P=0.026), gender (P=0.041) and EGFR mutation status (P=0.015), and in EGFR-mutant patients we found a lower proportion of patients with mutated KRAS and BRCA2. Furthermore, we found patients with or without metastatic lesions would have different immune phenotype (P=0.007). And the mutational frequencies of ALK, CDKN2A, MAP2K1, IDH2 and PTEN were significantly different among three immune phenotypes. Conclusion Low TMB level could be the reason for the poor efficacy of ICBs in patients having EGFR mutation. And mutational frequencies of KRAS and BRCA2 were lower in EGFR-mutant patients. Furthermore, ALK, CDKN2A, MAP2K1, IDH2 and PTEN might involve in the formation of immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Pathology Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Surgery Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Wu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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10
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Riess C, Koczan D, Schneider B, Linke C, Del Moral K, Classen CF, Maletzki C. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors exert distinct effects on patient-derived 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell culture models. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:54. [PMID: 33723248 PMCID: PMC7961149 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches have met limited clinical success for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Since GBM harbors genomic alterations in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), targeting these structures with specific inhibitors (CDKis) is promising. Here, we describe the antitumoral potential of selective CDKi on low-passage GBM 2D- and 3D models, cultured as neurospheres (NSCs) or glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). By applying selective CDK4/6i abemaciclib and palbociclib, and the more global CDK1/2/5/9-i dinaciclib, different effects were seen. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib significantly affected viability in 2D- and 3D models with clearly visible changes in morphology. Palbociclib had weaker and cell line-specific effects. Motility and invasion were highly affected. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib additionally induced senescence. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were seen. While autophagy was predominantly visible after abemaciclib treatment, dinaciclib evoked γ-H2AX-positive double-strand breaks that were boosted by radiation. Notably, dual administration of dinaciclib and abemaciclib yielded synergistic effects in most cases, but the simultaneous combination with standard chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was antagonistic. RNA-based microarray analysis showed that gene expression was significantly altered by dinaciclib: genes involved in cell-cycle regulation (different CDKs and their cyclins, SMC3), mitosis (PLK1, TTK), transcription regulation (IRX3, MEN1), cell migration/division (BCAR1), and E3 ubiquitination ligases (RBBP6, FBXO32) were downregulated, whereas upregulation was seen in genes mediating chemotaxis (CXCL8, IL6, CCL2), and DNA-damage or stress (EGR1, ARC, GADD45A/B). In a long-term experiment, resistance development was seen in 1/5 cases treated with dinaciclib, but this could be prevented by abemaciclib. Vice versa, adding TMZ abrogated therapeutic effects of dinaciclib and growth was comparable to controls. With this comprehensive analysis, we confirm the therapeutic activity of selective CDKi in GBM. In addition to the careful selection of individual drugs, the timing of each combination partner needs to be considered to prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Strempelstraße 14, 18055 Rostock, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Charlotte Linke
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Del Moral
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Classen
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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11
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Liang Y, Quan H, Bu T, Li X, Liu X, Wang S, He D, Jia Q, Zhang Y. Comparison of the Inhibitory Binding Modes Between the Planar Fascaplysin and Its Nonplanar Tetrahydro-β-carboline Analogs in CDK4. Front Chem 2021; 9:614154. [PMID: 33681142 PMCID: PMC7930575 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.614154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascaplysin is a natural marine product originating from sponges, attracting widespread attention due to its potential inhibitory activities against CDK4. However, its clinical application has been largely limited because of serious adverse effects caused by planar skeleton. To reduce the serious adverse effects, 18 tetrahydro-β-carboline analogs (compounds 6a-i and 7a-i) were designed and synthesized via breaking the planarity of fascaplysin, and the biological activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by MTT assay and CDK4/CycD3 enzyme inhibition assay. The title compounds showed varying degrees of inhibitory activities, especially the cytotoxicity of compound 6c against HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.03 ± 0.19 μM) with quite weak cytotoxicity toward the normal cells WI-38 (IC50 = 311.51 ± 56.06 μM), and the kinase inhibition test indicated that compound 6c was a potential CDK4 inhibitor. In order to further compare the action mechanisms of planar and nonplanar molecules on CDK4, the studied complexes of CDK4 bound with fascaplysin and three representative compounds (compound 6a-c) with bioactivities gradient were constructed by molecular docking and further verified through molecular dynamic simulation, which identified the key residues contributing to the ligands' binding. By comparing the binding modes of the constructed systems, it could be found that the residues contributing significantly to compound 6c's binding were highly consistent with those contributing significantly to fascaplysin's binding. Through the design, synthesis of the nonplanar fascaplysin derivatives, and binding mechanism analysis, some valuable hints for the discovery of antitumor drug candidates could be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huili Quan
- The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tong Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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12
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Chen X, Zhang W, Zhu H, Lin F. Development and Validation of a 5-Gene Autophagy-Based Prognostic Index in Endometrial Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928949. [PMID: 33577492 PMCID: PMC7885295 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide, and 15-20% of patients with EC have a rapid relapse within 3 years. This study aims to develop an autophagy-related genes (ARGs) signature to predict the prognosis of EC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our study, differentially expressed ARGs were identified by "edgeR" package in R and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore biological functions. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to build autophagy signature. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, and ROC curve analysis were conducted to compare the differences between the high- and low-risk groups. RESULTS A total of 60 differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) including 34 upregulated and 26 downregulated DEARGs were identified from the TCGAUCEC dataset, with the adjusted P<0.05 and |Fold Change| >1.5. By using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, ERBB2, PRKAB2, GRID2, NRG3, CDKN2A were identified to construct a prognostic signature with AUC 0.673, 0.719, and 0.791, at 1-, 3- and 5- years, respectively. Patients with EC were divided into low- or high-risk group by median risk score, and GSEA showed that low-risk group was enriched in adjacent cells communication pathways while high-risk group was involved in metabolism and immune pathways. The nomograms could also help to guide personal prognostic prediction and therapeutic strategies in EC. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only determine 5 ARGs signature that could predict the prognosis of EC but also provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang New Hospital Zone, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang New Hospital Zone, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haiping Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang New Hospital Zone, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang New Hospital Zone, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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13
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Tao X, Zhang Y, Li J, Ni Z, Tao Z, You Q, He Z, Huang D, Zheng S. Low expression of long non-coding RNA ARAP1-AS1 can inhibit lung cancer proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle organization. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:7326-7336. [PMID: 33447422 PMCID: PMC7797826 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background This paper examines the expression, function, and molecular mechanism of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) ARAP1 antisense RNA 1 (ARAP1-AS1) in lung cancer. Specifically, it aims to clarify the molecular mechanism of lncRNA ARAP1-AS1 that affects the occurrence and development of lung cancer, and provide a theoretical basis and molecular targets for targeted therapy or early diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods Fluorescence quantitative detection of lncRNA ARAP1-AS1 expression in lung cancer tissues and cell lines, and methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT), plate cloning experiment, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of knockdown of lncRNA ARAP1-AS1 on cell proliferation, clone formation, and the cell cycle, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cell cycle-related proteins as well as the effect of knockdown of lncRNA ARAP1-AS1 on lung cancer. Cell proliferation was assessed by a nude mouse subcutaneous tumor formation experiment. Results LncRNA ARAP1-AS1 is highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of LncRNA ARAP1-AS1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and clonal formation of lung cancer cells and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Knockdown of ARAP1-AS1 can markedly inhibit the expression of cell cycle-related protein cyclin D1, but has no significant effect on the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6. Furthermore, knockdown of ARAP1-AS1 can also notably inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells and substantially reduce the expression of Ki-67 in tumor-bearing tissues in nude mice. Conclusions LncRNA ARAP1-AS1 is highly expressed in lung cancer. Knocking down of this gene can significantly inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and can also cause G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression of cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengzheng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zheng Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhijie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dengjun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shiying Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhao R, An L, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Wang H. An integrated autophagy-related gene signature predicts prognosis in human endometrial Cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1030. [PMID: 33109128 PMCID: PMC7590615 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, endometrial cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women and the number of women being diagnosed is increasing. Tumor progression is strongly related to the cell survival-promoting functions of autophagy. We explored the relationship between endometrial cancer prognoses and the expression of autophagy genes using human autophagy databases. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to identify autophagy related genes (ARGs) that were differentially expressed in endometrial cancer tissue compared to healthy endometrial tissue. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were referenced to identify important biological functions and signaling pathways related to these differentially expressed ARGs. A prognostic model for endometrial cancer was constructed using univariate and multivariate Cox, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression analysis. Endometrial cancer patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to risk scores. Survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for these patients to assess the accuracy of the prognostic model. Using immunohistochemistry the protein levels of the genes associated with risk were assessed. Results We determined 37 ARGs were differentially expressed between endometrial cancer and healthy tissues. These genes were enriched in the biological processes and signaling pathways related to autophagy. Four ARGs (CDKN2A, PTK6, ERBB2 and BIRC5) were selected to establish a prognostic model of endometrial cancer. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that high-risk groups have significantly shorter survival times than low-risk groups. The area under the ROC curve indicated that the prognostic model for survival prediction was relatively accurate. Immunohistochemistry suggested that among the four ARGs the protein levels of CDKN2A, PTK6, ERBB2, and BIRC5 were higher in endometrial cancer than healthy endometrial tissue. Conclusions Our prognostic model assessing four ARGs (CDKN2A, PTK6, ERBB2, and BIRC5) suggested their potential as independent predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for endometrial cancer. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12885-020-07535-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lanfen An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingchao Zhao
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Gašperšič J, Videtič Paska A. Potential of modern circulating cell-free DNA diagnostic tools for detection of specific tumour cells in clinical practice. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020; 30:030504. [PMID: 32774122 PMCID: PMC7394254 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a developing field of medicine that has gained in importance in recent decades. New diagnostic tests based on the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) were developed as a tool of diagnosing different cancer types. By detecting the subpopulation of mutated DNA from cancer cells, it is possible to detect the presence of a specific tumour in early stages of the disease. Mutation analysis is performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or the next generation sequencing (NGS), however, cfDNA protocols need to be modified carefully in preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical stages. To further improve treatment of cancer the Food and Drug Administration approved more than 20 companion diagnostic tests that combine cancer drugs with highly efficient genetic diagnostic tools. Tools detect mutations in the DNA originating from cancer cells directly through the subpopulation of cfDNA, the circular tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis or with visualization of cells through intracellular DNA probes. A large number of ctDNA tests in clinical studies demonstrate the importance of new findings in the field of cancer diagnosis. We describe the innovations in personalized medicine: techniques for detecting ctDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) mutations approved Food and Drug Administration companion genetic diagnostics, candidate genes for assembling the cancer NGS panels, and a brief mention of the multitude of cfDNA currently in clinical trials. Additionally, an overview of the development steps of the diagnostic tools will refresh and expand the knowledge of clinics and geneticists for research opportunities beyond the development phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Gašperšič
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Videtič Paska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Su C, Liu WX, Wu LS, Dong TJ, Liu JF. Screening of Hub Gene Targets for Lung Cancer via Microarray Data. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:269-285. [PMID: 32772911 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200808172631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the malignancies exhibiting the fastest increase in morbidity and mortality, but the cause is not clearly understood. The goal of this investigation was to screen and identify relevant biomarkers of lung cancer. METHODS Publicly available lung cancer data sets, including GSE40275 and GSE134381, were obtained from the GEO database. The repeatability test for data was done by principal component analysis (PCA), and a GEO2R was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were all subjected to enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and the significant module and hub genes were identified via Cytoscape. Expression and correlation analysis of hub genes was done, and an overall survival analysis of lung cancer was performed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to test the sensitivity and specificity of the identified hub genes for diagnosing lung cancer. RESULTS The repeatability of the two datasets was good and 115 DEGs and 10 hub genes were identified. Functional analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix, and calcium ion binding. The DEGs were mainly involved with ECM-receptor interaction, ABC transporters, cell-adhesion molecules, and the p53 signaling pathway. Ten genes including COL1A2, POSTN, DSG2, CDKN2A, COL1A1, KRT19, SLC2A1, SERPINB5, DSC3, and SPP1 were identified as hub genes through module analysis in the PPI network. Lung cancer patients with high expression of COL1A2, POSTN, DSG2, CDKN2A, COL1A1, SLC2A1, SERPINB5, and SPP1 had poorer overall survival times than those with low expression (p <0.05). The CTD database showed that 10 hub genes were closely related to lung cancer. Expression of POSTN, DSG2, CDKN2A, COL1A1, SLC2A1, SERPINB5, and SPP1 was also associated with a diagnosis of lung cancer (p<0.05). ROC analysis showed that SPP1 (AUC = 0.940, p = 0.000*, 95%CI = 0.930-0.973, ODT = 7.004), SLC2A1 (AUC = 0.889, p = 0.000*, 95%CI = 0.791-0.865, ODT = 7.123), CDKN2A (AUC = 0.730, p = 0.000*, 95%CI = 0.465-1.000, ODT = 6.071) were suitable biomarkers. CONCLUSION Microarray technology represents an effective method for exploring genetic targets and molecular mechanisms of lung cancer. In addition, the identification of hub genes of lung cancer provides novel research insights for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistical Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistical Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Li-Sha Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Tian-Jian Dong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistical Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
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17
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Yuan YJ, Sun Y, Gao R, Yin ZZ, Yuan ZY, Xu LM. Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein (ASPM) contributes to the progression of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) by regulating CDK4. J Cancer 2020; 11:5413-5423. [PMID: 32742488 PMCID: PMC7391212 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a type of malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Due to its complicated etiology and clinical manifestations, no significant therapeutic advance has been made. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common type of lung cancer. To combat this disease, novel therapeutic targets are badly requirement. ASPM (Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein) is involved in multiple cellular or developmental processes, such as neurogenesis and brain growth. ASPM is also reported widely expressed in multiple tumor tissues and involved in the development and progression of several cancers including lung cancer. However, the potential role on ASPM on LSCC is still unclear. In this study, we reported that ASPM was related to the poor prognosis of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Our results further showed that ASPM depletion dramatically inhibited the proliferation of LSCC cells, consistent with the obviously decreased of cyclin D1(CCND1) and cyclin dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) expression. In vivo assays further confirmed ASPM ablation markedly blocked tumor growth in vivo compared with control. In addition, a co-expression was found between ASPM and CDK4 in human tumor tissues. Taken together, our data provides strong evidence that ASPM promotes lung squamous cell carcinoma proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and indicates its potential role as a LSCC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin medical university cancer institute & hospital, National clinical research center for cancer, Key laboratory of cancer prevention and therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin medical university cancer institute & hospital, National clinical research center for cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's clinical research center for cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang City, Gansu Province, 744000, China
| | - Zhen-zhen Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin medical university cancer institute & hospital, National clinical research center for cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's clinical research center for cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhi-yong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin medical university cancer institute & hospital, National clinical research center for cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's clinical research center for cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin medical university cancer institute & hospital, National clinical research center for cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's clinical research center for cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital airport hospital, Tianjin, 300308, China
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18
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Targeted next-generation sequencing of matched localized and metastatic primary high-risk SCCs identifies driver and co-occurring mutations and novel therapeutic targets. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 99:30-43. [PMID: 32595073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and is responsible for over one million cases annually. While only 3-5 % of SCCs metastasize, those that do are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Using gene mutations to help predict metastasis and select therapeutics is still being explored. OBJECTIVE To present novel data from targeted sequencing of 20 case-matched localized and metastatic high-risk SCCs. METHODS A cancer-associated gene panel of 76 genes was run from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 20 case-matched localized (10) and metastatic (10) high-risk SCCs (Vela Diagnostics). RESULTS Using spatial clustering analysis, primary driver mutations were identified asEGFR in localized SCC and CDH1 in metastatic SCC. ERBB4 and STK11 were found to be significant co-occurring mutations in localized SCC. Pathway analyses showed the RTK/RAS, TP53, TGF-b, NOTCH1, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways to be highly relevant in all high-risk SCCs with the Wnt pathway enhanced in metastatic SCC only. CONCLUSIONS This study compared gene mutations between localized and metastatic SCC with the intent of identifying key differences and new potential targeted treatment options. To our knowledge, the co-occurrence ofERBB4 and STK11 mutations has not been previously reported. Targeted inhibition of CDH1 and the Wnt pathway should be further explored in metastatic SCC.
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Qin A, Reddy HG, Weinberg FD, Kalemkerian GP. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:941-952. [PMID: 32164461 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1738385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are critical regulators of cell cycle progression in both normal and malignant cells, functioning through complex molecular interactions. Deregulation of CDK-dependent pathways is commonly found in both non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, and these derangements suggest vulnerabilities that can be exploited for clinical benefit. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors present an overview of the biology of CDKs in normal and malignant cells, with a focus on lung cancer, followed by an assessment of preclinical work that has demonstrated the vital role of CDKs in lung cancer development and progression, and the activity of CDK inhibitors in a variety of lung cancer models. Finally, the experience with clinical trials of CDK inhibitors in lung cancer is discussed along with the current status of these agents in cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Despite strong biological rationale and promising preclinical studies, the results of clinical trials of CDK inhibitors in lung cancer have thus far been disappointing. Further clinical development of CDK inhibitors in lung cancer will depend on the identification of predictive biomarkers and the design of combination regimens that take advantage of the unique molecular alterations that drive lung cancer growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Qin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haritha G Reddy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank D Weinberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory P Kalemkerian
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Hu G, Feng HF, Zhan H. Identification of an Autophagy-Related Signature Predicting Overall Survival for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325819899265. [PMID: 31975975 PMCID: PMC6958655 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819899265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma usually shows an excellent prognosis. However, its recurrence or persistence rate is high. In this study, we used bioinformatics to identify autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and establish a novel scoring system for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods: We collected ARGs sequencing data of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed ARGs were identified by the “Limma” package in R language. After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, an ARG signature was developed. The established prognostic signature was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic. Results: A sum of 26 differentially expressed ARGs were identified. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that several significantly oncological signatures were enriched, such as autophagy, p53 signaling pathway, apoptosis, human cytomegalovirus infection, and platinum drug resistance. After univariate and multivariate analysis, 3 ARGs (ITPR1, CCL2, and CDKN2A) were selected to develop autophagy-related signature. Patients with high risk had significantly shorter overall survival than those with low risk. The areas under the curve indicated that the signature showed good accuracy of prediction. Conclusions: We established a novel scoring system based on 3 ARGs, which provides a promising tool for the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Fang Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital (Pu Ai Hospital) of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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Hur JY, Kim HR, Lee JY, Park S, Hwang JA, Kim WS, Yoon S, Choi CM, Rho JK, Lee JC. CDK7 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for lung squamous cell carcinomas with a SOX2 amplification. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:449-458. [PMID: 30838525 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the development of molecular targeted therapies, few advances have been made in the treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SOX2 amplification is one of the most common genetic alterations in SCC. Here, we investigated the effects of THZ1, a potent cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibitor that plays a key role in gene transcription, in SCC. METHODS Lung SCC-derived cell viabilities were assessed using a CCK-8 assay. SOX2 expression and RNAPII-CTD phosphorylation levels after THZ1 treatment were determined by Western blotting. The effect of SOX2 suppression using shRNA was assessed by flow cytometry. Gene expression patterns after THZ1 treatment of lung SCC-derived cells were identified using microarray-based mRNA profiling. RESULTS We found that THZ1 treatment led to suppression of cell growth and apoptotic cell death in SOX2-amplified SCC-derived cells only, whereas the modest growth-inhibitory effect of cisplatin did not differ according to SOX2 amplification status. We also found that THZ1 decreased the phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and the expression of several genes. Specifically, we found that the expression of transcription-associated genes, including SOX2, was down-regulated by THZ1 in SOX2-amplified SCC cells. This inhibition of SOX2 expression resulted in suppression of the growth of these cells. CONCLUSIONS From our data, we conclude that THZ1 may effectively control the proliferation and survival of SOX2-amplified SCC cells through a decrease in global transcriptional activity, suggesting that CDK7 inhibition leading to transcription suppression may be a promising therapeutic option for lung SCC with a SOX2 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Hur
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
- Lung Cancer Center & Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryul Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sojung Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji An Hwang
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Kim
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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