Serum Adenosine deaminase activity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients

Serum adenosine deaminase levels are associated with diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, patients with T2D who had been screened for DKD were recruited. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g for 3 months were identified as having DKD. The prevalence of DKD was 13.3%, and the range of serum ADA levels was 4-37 U/L. Serum ADA levels were positively associated with cystatin C levels and UACR (r = 0.295 and r = 0.302, respectively, both P < 0.05) and negatively associated with eGFR (r = -0.342, P < 0.05). The proportion of participants with DKD increased significantly from 3.8% in the first tertile (T1) to 13.6% in the second tertile (T2) and 25.9% in the third tertile (T3) of ADA (P for trend < 0.001). After adjusting for clinical risk factors for DKD via multiple logistic regression, the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) of DKD for the participants in T2 and T3 vs those in T1 of ADA were 5.123 (1.282-20.474) and 10.098 (1.660-61.431), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff value of ADA to indicate DKD was 10 U/L. Its corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 75.5 and 56.4%, respectively. Our results demonstrated that serum ADA levels were closely associated with DKD and partly reflect the risk of DKD in patients with T2D.

Adenosine deaminase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: does it have any role?

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is underused, producing hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients are prone to opportunistic infection, thus serum ADA levels in these patients is very important as a screening test for Tuberculosis and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the present study was conducted to estimate the Serum ADA activity, glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial glucose level in patients with T2DM and to correlate the serum level of ADA with glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial glucose level in T2DM.

METHODS

This is a Hospital based cross-sectional study done in BPKIHs, Dharan, Nepal. 204 diagnosed patients (102 males and 102 females) with T2DM and 102 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Diabetic patients were categorized into Uncontrolled and Controlled Diabetes on the basis of HbA1C; HbA1c > 7% = Uncontrolled Diabetes, HbA1c < 7% = Controlled Diabetes.

RESULTS

Serum ADA levels (U/L) was significantly raised in Uncontrolled Diabetic patients (49.24 ± 16.89) compared to controlled population (35.74 ± 16.78) and healthy controls (10.55 ± 2.20), p value < 0.001. A significant positive correlation was obtained between Serum ADA and HbA1c, Fasting Plasma Glucose and Post-prandial Glucose respectively.

CONCLUSION

There is a significant increase in Serum ADA activity in DM with increase in HbA1c levels which may play an important role in predicting the glycemic and immunological status in these patients.

Raised serum adenosine deaminase level in nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus

The role of inflammation being minimal in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in nonobese patients; the aim of the study was to investigate the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and see its association with diabetes mellitus. The preliminary case control study comprised of 56 cases and 45 healthy controls which were age and sex matched. 3 mL venous blood samples were obtained from the patients as well as controls after 8–10 hours of fasting. Serum ADA and routine biochemical parameters were analyzed. Serum ADA level was found significantly higher among nonobese T2DM subjects with respect to controls (38.77 ± 14.29 versus 17.02 ± 5.74 U/L; P < 0.0001). Serum ADA level showed a significant positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.657; P < 0.0001) level among nonobese T2DM subjects, but no significant correlation was observed in controls (r = −0.203; P = 0.180). However, no correlation was observed between serum ADA level compared to BMI and HbA1c levels. Our study shows higher serum ADA, triglycerides (TG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in nonobese T2DM patients, and a strong correlation between ADA and FPG which suggests an association between ADA and nonobese T2DM subjects.