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Pant S, Kumar K R, Rana P, Anthwal T, Ali SM, Gupta M, Chauhan M, Nain S. Novel Substituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Synthesis, Biological, and Molecular Docking Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:783-797. [PMID: 38320262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The most frequent type of age-related dementia is Alzheimer's disease. To discover novel therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease, a series of substituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-Alzheimer's activity. All the synthesized compounds were validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and HRMS to assess the structural conformance of the newly synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were then evaluated for their in vivo acute toxicity study. Evaluation of acute toxicity showed that none of the synthesized compounds showed toxicity up to 1000 mg/kg. After in vivo acute toxicity studies, the compounds were subjected to behavioral and biochemical studies. Compound N4-(4-chlorophenyl)-N2-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 5b (SP-2) displayed an excellent anti-Alzheimer's profile, while the rest of the compounds showed satisfactory results in comparison to donepezil. Docking studies confirmed the results obtained through in vivo experiments and showed that 5b (SP-2) showed a similar interaction to that of donepezil. Further, in silico molecular property predictions showed that 5b (SP-2) possesses favorable drug-likeness and ADME properties for CNS activity. These results implied that 5b could serve as an appropriate lead molecule for the development of anti-Alzheimer's agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar K
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology, VTU, Mysuru, Karnataka 570028, India
| | - Preeti Rana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balangar, Hyderabad 500064, india
| | - Tulika Anthwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Syed Mastan Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
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Xie J, Yang G, Tan X, Yuan R, Chen S. Coreactant-free electrochemiluminescence of polyfluorene nanoparticle coupling double quencher for β-amyloid 1-42 detection. Talanta 2023; 258:124398. [PMID: 36871519 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) is a humoral biomarker for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and exists at a low level in human body. Its sensitive detection is very valuable. The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay of Aβ1-42 has attracted special attention owing to high sensitivity and simple operation. However, currently reported ECL assays for Aβ1-42 usually required the introduction of exogenous coreactants to improve the detection sensitivity. Introducing exogenous coreactants will lead to non-negligible repeatability and stability problems. This work exploited poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1',3}-thiadazole)] nanoparticles (PFBT NPs) as coreactant-free ECL emitters for detecting Aβ1-42. The PFBT NPs, first antibody (Ab1) and antigen Aβ1-42 were successively assembled on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Silica nanoparticles served as a carrier to grow polydopamine (PDA) in situ, and further assembled Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and second antibody (Ab2), producing the secondary antibody complex (SiO2@PDA-Au NPs-Ab2). With its assembly on the biosensor, the ECL signal decreased since both PDA and Au NPs could quench ECL emission from PFBT NPs. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.55 fg/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 37.45 fg/mL for Aβ1-42 were obtained. PFBT NPs coupling dual-quencher PDA-Au NPs created an excellent ECL system for bioassays, and constructed a sensitive analytical method for Aβ1-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Guomin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xingrong Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, 9 The People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700, PR China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Yu X, Srivastava S, Huang S, Hayden EY, Teplow DB, Xie YH. The Feasibility of Early Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Using a Neural Network Hybrid Platform. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090753. [PMID: 36140138 PMCID: PMC9496690 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is critical for disease prevention and cure. However, currently, techniques with the required high sensitivity and specificity are lacking. Recently, with the advances and increased accessibility of data analysis tools, such as machine learning, research efforts have increasingly focused on using these computational methods to solve this challenge. Here, we demonstrate a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based AD diagnosis approach using the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fingerprints of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). SERS and CNN were combined for biomarker detection to analyze disease-associated biochemical changes in the CSF. We achieved very high reproducibility in double-blind experiments for testing the feasibility of our system on human samples. We achieved an overall accuracy of 92% (100% for normal individuals and 88.9% for AD individuals) based on the clinical diagnosis. Further, we observed an excellent correlation coefficient between our test score and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. Our findings offer a substantial indication of the feasibility of detecting AD biomarkers using the innovative combination of SERS and machine learning. We are hoping that this will serve as an incentive for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric Y. Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David B. Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Han C, Wei BB, Shang PP, Guo XY, Bai LG, Ma ZY. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 2-(2-oxoethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128873. [PMID: 35779827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(2- oxoethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological activity results demonstrated that compound 10q showed the best inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50=0.88±0.78 μM), which was better than that of Huperzine-A, and its inhibitory effect on BuChE was weak (IC50=10.0±1.30 μM), which indicated that compound 10q was a dominant AChE inhibitor. In addition, the result of molecular docking study displayed that 10q could simultaneously bind to CAS and PAS sites of AChE, which was consistent with the mixed inhibition mode shown by the enzymatic kinetics study of 10q. Furthermore, the molecular properties of the target compounds were predicted online using the molinspiration server and pkCSM , The results exhibited that compound 10q had drug-like properties that satisfied the Lipinski's rule of five. Based on the bioactivity and molecular properties, compound 10q for further development was valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Ben-Ben Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Pan-Pan Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Li-Gai Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Zheng-Yue Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071002, China.
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