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Waseem M, Wang BD. Organoids: An Emerging Precision Medicine Model for Prostate Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1093. [PMID: 38256166 PMCID: PMC10816550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has been known as the most prevalent cancer disease and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men almost all over the globe. There is an urgent need for establishment of PCa models that can recapitulate the progress of genomic landscapes and molecular alterations during development and progression of this disease. Notably, several organoid models have been developed for assessing the complex interaction between PCa and its surrounding microenvironment. In recent years, PCa organoids have been emerged as powerful in vitro 3D model systems that recapitulate the molecular features (such as genomic/epigenomic changes and tumor microenvironment) of PCa metastatic tumors. In addition, application of organoid technology in mechanistic studies (i.e., for understanding cellular/subcellular and molecular alterations) and translational medicine has been recognized as a promising approach for facilitating the development of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the application of PCa organoids in the high-throughput screening and establishment of relevant xenografts for developing novel therapeutics for metastatic, castration resistant, and neuroendocrine PCa. These organoid-based studies are expected to expand our knowledge from basic research to clinical applications for PCa diseases. Furthermore, we also highlight the optimization of PCa cultures and establishment of promising 3D organoid models for in vitro and in vivo investigations, ultimately facilitating mechanistic studies and development of novel clinical diagnosis/prognosis and therapies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Tanaka Y, Kamimura K, Shibata O, Ogawa K, Oda C, Abe H, Ikarashi S, Hayashi K, Yokoo T, Wakai T, Terai S. Similarity of oncogenic protein expression in KRAS G12D gene delivery-based rat pancreatic cancer model to that of human pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:29-35. [PMID: 37356142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of effective therapies and biomarkers for pancreatic cancer is an unmet clinical need. To address this, we have developed an easy-to-use pancreatic cancer rat animal model via pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery of human pancreatic cancer-related genes. Our study aimed to determine the molecular similarity between the pancreatic tumor in the rat model and human pancreatic cancer. METHODS KRASG12D gene-expressing plasmid was delivered to the pancreas of wild type rats via pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery as previously reported. Tissue samples were collected at 5 weeks after the first gene delivery. The tumors developed in the rats were assessed for the expression of oncogenic proteins that are involved in human pancreatic cancer development. RESULTS The development of a tumor mimicking pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was confirmed. The expression levels of Cyclin D1, c-Jun, IL-33, and Zip4 proteins in the tumor were immunohistochemically assessed and the correlation of the proteins was confirmed. The expression pattern showed similarity to that of surgically resected human pancreatic cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings showing a similar pattern of oncogenic protein expression in novel KRASG12D gene-induced rat pancreatic cancer model and human pancreatic cancer will be useful for establishing novel tumor markers and therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunao Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Shukla HD, Dukic T, Roy S, Bhandary B, Gerry A, Poirier Y, Lamichhane N, Molitoris J, Carrier F, Banerjee A, Regine WF, Polf JC. Pancreatic cancer derived 3D organoids as a clinical tool to evaluate the treatment response. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1072774. [PMID: 36713532 PMCID: PMC9879007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. The standard of care for patients with locally advanced PC of chemotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy (RT), or chemo-radiation-therapy has shown highly variable and limited success rates. However, three-dimensional (3D) Pancreatic tumor organoids (PTOs) have shown promise to study tumor response to drugs, and emerging treatments under in vitro conditions. We investigated the potential for using 3D organoids to evaluate the precise radiation and drug dose responses of in vivo PC tumors. Methods PTOs were created from mouse pancreatic tumor tissues, and their microenvironment was compared to that of in vivo tumors using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. The organoids and in vivo PC tumors were treated with fractionated X-ray RT, 3-bromopyruvate (3BP) anti-tumor drug, and combination of 3BP + fractionated RT. Results Pancreatic tumor organoids (PTOs) exhibited a similar fibrotic microenvironment and molecular response (as seen by apoptosis biomarker expression) as in vivo tumors. Untreated tumor organoids and in vivo tumor both exhibited proliferative growth of 6 folds the original size after 10 days, whereas no growth was seen for organoids and in vivo tumors treated with 8 (Gray) Gy of fractionated RT. Tumor organoids showed reduced growth rates of 3.2x and 1.8x when treated with 4 and 6 Gy fractionated RT, respectively. Interestingly, combination of 100 µM of 3BP + 4 Gy of RT showed pronounced growth inhibition as compared to 3-BP alone or 4 Gy of radiation alone. Further, positive identification of SOX2, SOX10 and TGFβ indicated presence of cancer stem cells in tumor organoids which might have some role in resistance to therapies in pancreatic cancer. Conclusions PTOs produced a similar microenvironment and exhibited similar growth characteristics as in vivo tumors following treatment, indicating their potential for predicting in vivo tumor sensitivity and response to RT and combined chemo-RT treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem D Shukla
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Hem D Shukla,
| | - Tijana Dukic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sanjit Roy
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Binny Bhandary
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Gerry
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yannick Poirier
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jason Molitoris
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - France Carrier
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William F. Regine
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jerimy C. Polf
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wu W, Wen K, Zhong Y. Research progress in the establishment of pancreatic cancer models and preclinical applications. CANCER INNOVATION 2022; 1:207-219. [PMID: 38089760 PMCID: PMC10686130 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor in the digestive system. The transformation of tissue from normal to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm is driven by certain oncogenes, among which the mutation rate of the KRAS gene is as high as 90%. Currently, PC has limited treatment options, low therapeutic effects, and poor prognosis. Thus, more effective methods to combat PC are urgently needed. Some models that can more accurately reflect the biological behaviors and genomic characteristics of PC, such as its morphology, pathology, proliferation, and invasion, are being continuously developed. These include genetic engineering models, orthotopic xenograft models, and heterotopic xenograft models. Using these PC models, scientists have further verified promising drugs and potential therapeutic targets for PC treatment. This is of great significance for limiting the progression of PC with clinical intervention, improving patient outcomes, and improving survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Wu
- Departments of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Kunming Wen
- Departments of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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