Long non-coding RNA NR2F2-AS1: its expanding oncogenic roles in tumor progression

LncRNA DARS-AS1 in human cancers: A comprehensive review of its potency as a biomarker and therapeutic target

Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as important players in cancer biology. Increasing evidence has uncovered their potency in improving cancer management as they can be used as a credible prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Recently, DARS-AS1 has gained significant attention for its involvement in facilitating tumor progression. So far, numerous research has been reported its upregulation in different malignancies of human body systems and revealed its association with cancer hallmarks as well as clinicopathological characteristics. Importantly, targeting DARS-AS1 holds promise in cancer therapy. In the current study, we provide an in-depth analysis of its expression status and explore the underlying mechanisms through which DARS-AS1 contributes to tumor initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, we examine the correlation between DARS-AS1 expression and clinicopathological features of cancer patients, shedding light on its potential as a cancer biomarker. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting DARS-AS1 in cancer treatment, highlighting emerging strategies, such as RNA interference and small molecule inhibitors. Boosting the understanding of its functional role can open new avenues for precision medicine, thus resulting in better outcomes for cancer patients.

Linc00265 in human disease: A comprehensive analysis of its implications in human disease pathobiology and therapeutic prospect

Linc00265, a long intergenic non-coding RNA, has garnered significant research attention due to its involvement in various human diseases, particularly cancer. It exhibits tissue-specific and dysregulated expression across multiple cancer types, including blood malignancies, colorectal, gastric, bladder, osteosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This dysregulation is often associated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Moreover, aberrant expression of Linc00265 has been reported in inflammation-related diseases such as osteoarthritis and sepsis. Mechanistically, Linc00265 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA), sequestering specific microRNAs and thereby modulating their downstream targets. Additionally, it influences critical signaling pathways by mediating the key effectors within these pathways. Importantly, the dysregulation of Linc00265 shows promising potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in several human diseases. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and potential biomarker roles of Linc00265 in human diseases, with a particular focus on cancer. By elucidating the functional implications of Linc00265, we can deepen our understanding of its roles in human diseases, potentially paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions in disease management.

Long non-coding RNAFOXD1-AS1 modulated CTCs epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro by sponging miR-615-3p

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widely recognized as a globally prevalent malignancy. Immunotherapy is a promising therapy for HCC patients. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in HCC progression and immunotherapy.

AIM

The study reveals the mechanistic role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FOXD1-AS1 in regulating migration, invasion, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune escape in HCC in vitro.

METHODS

This study employed real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to measure FOXD1-AS1, miR-615-3p, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The interactions of FOXD1-AS1, miR-615-3p, and PD-L1 were validated via dual-luciferase reporter gene and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In vivo experimentation involves BALB/c mice and BALB/c nude mice to investigate the impact of HCC metastasis.

RESULTS

The upregulation of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 in malignant tissues significantly correlates with poor prognosis. The investigation was implemented on the impact of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 on the migratory, invasive, and EMT of HCC cells. It has been observed that the lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 significantly influences the generation and metastasis of MCTC in vivo analysis. In mechanistic analysis, lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 enhanced immune escape in HCC via upregulation of PD-L1, which acted as a ceRNA by sequestering miR-615-3p. Additionally, lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 was found to modulate the EMT of CTCs through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

CONCLUSION

This study presents compelling evidence supporting the role of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 as a miRNA sponge that sequesters miR-655-3p and protects PD-L1 from suppression.

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 115 (Linc00115): A notable oncogene in human malignancies

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are RNA transcripts ranging from 200 to 1000 nucleotides that have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression. Growing evidence highlights their involvement in tumor development. In particular, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA115 (Linc00115) has been identified as an oncogene across various human malignancies, with aberrant expression strongly linked to poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. This review aims to delve into the expression patterns of Linc00115 and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms behind its oncogenic properties. Moreover, we discuss the potential utility of Linc00115 as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer.

Identification of lncRNAs Deregulated in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on a Gene Expression Profiling Meta-Analysis

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest gynecological cancers worldwide, mainly because of its initially asymptomatic nature and consequently late diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are non-coding transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides, whose deregulation is involved in pathologies such as EOC, and are therefore envisaged as future biomarkers. We present a meta-analysis of available gene expression profiling (microarray and RNA sequencing) studies from EOC patients to identify lncRNA genes with diagnostic and prognostic value. In this meta-analysis, we include 46 independent cohorts, along with available expression profiling data from EOC cell lines. Differential expression analyses were conducted to identify those lncRNAs that are deregulated in (i) EOC versus healthy ovary tissue, (ii) unfavorable versus more favorable prognosis, (iii) metastatic versus primary tumors, (iv) chemoresistant versus chemosensitive EOC, and (v) correlation to specific histological subtypes of EOC. From the results of this meta-analysis, we established a panel of lncRNAs that are highly correlated with EOC. The panel includes several lncRNAs that are already known and even functionally characterized in EOC, but also lncRNAs that have not been previously correlated with this cancer, and which are discussed in relation to their putative role in EOC and their potential use as clinically relevant tools.

The Regulatory Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Lnc SNHG4 in Cancer

BACKGROUND

LncRNAs have been reported to be involved in a variety of biological functions, including gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. They may also serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in diseases. lncRNAs that can encode small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been named small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs).

OBJECTIVE

In this review article, we readily review the regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance of Lnc SNHG4 in cancer.

METHODS

We systematically investigated databases, like Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library database for all research articles, and have provided an overview regarding the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNA SNHG4 in tumorigenesis.

RESULTS

Compared to neighboring normal tissues, SNHG4 is significantly dysregulated in various tumor tissues. SNHG4 upregulation is mainly associated with advanced tumor stage, tumor size, TNM stage, and decreased overall survival. In addition, aberrant SNHG4 expression promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, migration, and invasion of cancer cells.

CONCLUSION

SNHG4 may serve as a new therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in patients with cancer.