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Liu C, Lu Y, Huang C, Zeng Y, Zheng Y, Wang C, Huang H. A combination analysis based on bioinformatics tools reveals new signature genes related to maternal obesity and fetal programming. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1434105. [PMID: 39296904 PMCID: PMC11408335 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1434105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity significantly influences fetal development and health later in life; however, the molecular mechanisms behind it remain unclear. This study aims to investigate signature genes related to maternal obesity and fetal programming based on a genomic-wide transcriptional placental study using a combination of different bioinformatics tools. Methods The dataset (GSE128381) was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The data of 100 normal body mass index (BMI) and 27 obese mothers were included in the analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were evaluated by limma package. Thereafter, functional enrichment analysis was implemented. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were used to further screening of signature genes. Simple linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between signature genes and newborn birth weight. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was implemented to study signaling pathways related to signature genes. The expression of the signature genes was also explored in 48 overweight mothers in the same dataset. Results A total of 167 DEGs were obtained, of which 122 were up-regulated while 45 were down-regulated. The dataset was then clustered into 11 modules by WGCNA, and the MEbrown was found as the most significant module related to maternal obesity and fetal programming (cor = 0.2, p = 0.03). The LASSO analysis showed that PTX3, NCF2, HOXB5, ABCA6, and C1orf162 are signature genes related to maternal obesity and fetal programming, which were increased in the placenta of obese mothers compared to those with normal BMI. The area under the curve (AUC) of the signature genes in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.709, 0.660, 0.674, 0.667, and 0.717, respectively. Simple linear regression analysis showed that HOXB5 was associated with newborn birth weight. GSEA analysis revealed that these signature genes positively participate in various signaling pathways/functions in the placenta. Conclusion PTX3, NCF2, HOXB5, ABCA6, and C1orf162 are novel signature genes related to maternal obesity and fetal programming, of which HOXB5 is implicated in newborn birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- Center for Medical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Research and Development on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases, Baise, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Baise, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Department of Medical Reproduction Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chunchuan Huang
- Center for Medical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Research and Development on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases, Baise, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Baise, China
| | - Yonglong Zeng
- Center for Medical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Research and Development on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases, Baise, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Baise, China
| | - Yuye Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Baise City, Basie, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Center for Medical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Research and Development on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases, Baise, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Baise, China
| | - Huatuo Huang
- Center for Medical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Research and Development on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases, Baise, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Baise, China
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O’Donovan CJ, Tan LT, Abidin MAZ, Roderick MR, Grammatikos A, Bernatoniene J. Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Strengths and Challenges in the Genomic Era. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4435. [PMID: 39124702 PMCID: PMC11313294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a group of rare primary inborn errors of immunity characterised by a defect in the phagocyte respiratory burst, which leads to severe and life-threatening infective and inflammatory complications. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular pathophysiology of X-linked and autosomal recessive CGD, and growth in the availability of functional and genetic testing, there remain significant barriers to early and accurate diagnosis. In the current review, we provide an up-to-date summary of CGD pathophysiology, underpinning current methods of diagnostic testing for CGD and closely related disorders. We present an overview of the benefits of early diagnosis and when to suspect and test for CGD. We discuss current and historical methods for functional testing of NADPH oxidase activity, as well as assays for measuring protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits. Lastly, we focus on genetic and genomic methods employed to diagnose CGD, including gene-targeted panels, comprehensive genomic testing and ancillary methods. Throughout, we highlight general limitations of testing, and caveats specific to interpretation of results in the context of CGD and related disorders, and provide an outlook for newborn screening and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J. O’Donovan
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Lay Teng Tan
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd A. Z. Abidin
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Marion R. Roderick
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alexandros Grammatikos
- Department of Immunology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Jolanta Bernatoniene
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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3
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Miyazawa H, Muraoka M, Matsuda Y, Toma T, Morio T, Shigemura T, Haraguchi K, Matsubayashi T, Kawai T, Shirai Y, Wada T. Clinical and molecular significance of flow cytometric analysis for reactive oxygen species production and residual p67 phox expression in p67 phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease. Scand J Immunol 2024; 100:e13372. [PMID: 38654426 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by molecular defects in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. p67phox-CGD is an autosomal recessive CGD, which is caused by a defect in the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase, p67phox, encoded by NCF2. We previously established a flow cytometric analysis for p67phox expression, which allows accurate assessment of residual protein expression in p67phox-CGD. We evaluated the correlation between oxidase function and p67phox expression, and assessed the relevancy to genotypes and clinical phenotypes in 11 patients with p67phox-CGD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by granulocytes was evaluated using dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR) assays. p67phox expression was evaluated in the monocyte population. DHR activity and p67phox expression were significantly correlated (r = 0.718, p < 0.0162). Additionally, DHR activity and p67phox expression were significantly higher in patients carrying one missense variant in combination with one nonsense or frameshift variant in the NCF2 gene than in patients with only null variants. The available clinical parameters of our patients (i.e., age at disease onset, number of infectious episodes, and each infection complication) were not linked with DHR activity or p67phox expression levels. In summary, our flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant correlation between residual ROS production and p67phox expression. More deleterious NCF2 genotypes were associated with lower levels of DHR activity and p67phox expression. DHR assays and protein expression analysis by using flow cytometry may be relevant strategies for predicting the genotypes of p67phox-CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Miyazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Haraguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Toshinao Kawai
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Wang JJF, Dhir A, Hildebrand KJ, Turvey SE, Schellenberg R, Chen LYC, Pourshahnazari P, Biggs CM. Inborn errors of immunity in adulthood. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:6. [PMID: 38233962 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of conditions whereby parts of the immune system are missing or dysfunctional. Once thought to primarily be a pediatric disorder, it is now estimated that more than 50% of worldwide incident IEI cases are accounted for by adults. Delayed diagnosis, late symptom onset, and IEI phenocopies can all lead to adult-onset recognition of IEIs. Lack of awareness regarding the diversity of IEI manifestations in adults contributes to diagnostic and treatment delays. Prompt referral to immunology is critical so that patients can receive a precise molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy when available. This article serves as a primer on IEIs in adulthood, highlighting the pathophysiology, epidemiology and clinical features. We present clinical vignettes of three key IEIs to assist clinicians in building illness scripts on their presentations. We provide a framework for the laboratory evaluation of IEIs and their initial treatment, with the aim of improving recognition and management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J F Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arün Dhir
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kyla J Hildebrand
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Luke Y C Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Catherine M Biggs
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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5
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Halliwell B. Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:13-33. [PMID: 37714962 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Several different reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in vivo. They have roles in the development of certain human diseases whilst also performing physiological functions. ROS are counterbalanced by an antioxidant defence network, which functions to modulate ROS levels to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage they cause that can contribute to disease development. This Review describes the mechanisms of action of antioxidants synthesized in vivo, antioxidants derived from the human diet and synthetic antioxidants developed as therapeutic agents, with a focus on the gaps in our current knowledge and the approaches needed to close them. The Review also explores the reasons behind the successes and failures of antioxidants in treating or preventing human disease. Antioxidants may have special roles in the gastrointestinal tract, and many lifestyle features known to promote health (especially diet, exercise and the control of blood glucose and cholesterol levels) may be acting, at least in part, by antioxidant mechanisms. Certain reactive sulfur species may be important antioxidants but more accurate determinations of their concentrations in vivo are needed to help assess their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Nishikawa T, Tomoda T, Nakamura A, Nagahama J, Tanaka A, Kanmura S, Kirishima M, Tanimoto A, Okano T, Kamiya T, Okamoto K, Kirimura S, Morio T, Okamoto Y, Kanegane H. Case Report: The leopard sign as a potential characteristic of chronic granulomatous disease-associated colitis, unrelated to colitis severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208590. [PMID: 38152406 PMCID: PMC10751364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn immune disorder in which the phagocytic system cannot eradicate pathogens, and autoinflammation occurs. Approximately half of the patients have associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Although most cases with CGD-associated colitis present nonspecific histology, colonoscopy in some cases shows brownish dots over a yellowish oedematous mucosa, which is termed a "leopard sign". However, the significance of these signs remains unclear. Methods We collected data from patients with CGD whose colonoscopic findings showed the leopard sign. Results Three patients with CGD and leopard signs were enrolled in this study. One patient underwent colonoscopy for frequent diarrhoea and weight gain failure, and another for anal fistula. The third patient was without gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent colonoscopy as a screening test before allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Endoscopic findings showed a mild leopard sign in the first case; however, non-contiguous and diffuse aphthae were observed throughout the colon. The other two cases were unremarkable except for the leopard sign. All the patients achieved remission with oral prednisolone or HCT. One patient underwent colonoscopy after HCT; results revealed improvements in endoscopy (including the leopard sign) and histological findings. However, another patient underwent colonoscopy after prednisolone treatment; this revealed no change in the leopard sign. Conclusion The leopard sign in the colon may be a characteristic endoscopic finding of CGD, even in patients who do not develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms; however, it does not reflect the severity of CGD-associated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jun Nagahama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mari Kirishima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okano
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamiya
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Spiga L, Winter MG, Muramatsu MK, Rojas VK, Chanin RB, Zhu W, Hughes ER, Taylor SJ, Faber F, Porwollik S, Carvalho TF, Qin T, Santos RL, Andrews-Polymenis H, McClelland M, Winter SE. Byproducts of inflammatory radical metabolism provide transient nutrient niches for microbes in the inflamed gut. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570695. [PMID: 38106073 PMCID: PMC10723490 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Louis Pasteur's experiments on tartaric acid laid the foundation for our understanding of molecular chirality, but major questions remain. By comparing the optical activity of naturally-occurring tartaric acid with chemically-synthesized paratartaric acid, Pasteur realized that naturally-occurring tartaric acid contained only L-tartaric acid while paratartaric acid consisted of a racemic mixture of D- and L-tartaric acid. Curiously, D-tartaric acid has no known natural source, yet several gut bacteria specifically degrade D-tartaric acid. Here, we investigated the oxidation of monosaccharides by inflammatory reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We found that this reaction yields an array of alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, including tartaric acid isomers. Utilization of inflammation- derived D- and L-tartaric acid enhanced colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli in murine models of gut inflammation. Our findings suggest that byproducts of inflammatory radical metabolism, such as tartrate and other alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, create transient nutrient niches for enteric pathogens and other potentially harmful bacteria. Furthermore, this work illustrates that inflammatory radicals generate a zoo of molecules, some of which may erroneously presumed to be xenobiotics.
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Zhang J, Bar-Peled L. Chemical biology approaches to uncovering nuclear ROS control. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102352. [PMID: 37352605 PMCID: PMC10524750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Heightened concentrations of reactive metabolites, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), can damage all macromolecules leading to the erosion of cellular fidelity. In this regard, the control of ROS in the nuclues is essential for cellular homeostasis, and dysregulation of nuclear ROS has been attributed to multiple pathologies and the mechanism of action of certain chemotherapies. How nuclear ROS is generated, detoxified and sensed is poorly understood, and stems in part, from a historical lack of tools that allow for its precise generation and detection. Here, we summarize the latest advances in chemical biology inspired approaches that have been developed to study nuclear ROS and highlight how these tools have led to major breakthroughs in understanding its regulation. The continued development and application of chemical biology approaches to understand nuclear ROS promises to unlock fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbing Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Liron Bar-Peled
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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9
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Huang S, Li Y, Shen J, Liang W, Li C. Identification of a diagnostic model and molecular subtypes of major depressive disorder based on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1168516. [PMID: 37649561 PMCID: PMC10464956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1168516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subject Major depressive disorder (MDD) negatively affects patients' behaviours and daily lives. Due to the high heterogeneity and complex pathological features of MDD, its diagnosis remains challenging. Evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the pathogenesis of MDD; however, relevant diagnostic markers have not been well studied. This study aimed to screen for ERS genes with potential diagnostic value in MDD. Methods Gene expression data on MDD samples were downloaded from the GEO database, and ERS-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards and MSigDB databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MDD patients and healthy subjects were identified and then integrated with ERS genes. ERS diagnostic model and nomogram were developed based on biomarkers screened using the LASSO method. The diagnostic performance of this model was evaluated. ERS-associated subtypes were identified. CIBERSORT and GSEA were used to explore the differences between the different subtypes. Finally, WGCNA was performed to identify hub genes related to the subtypes. Results A diagnostic model was developed based on seven ERS genes: KCNE1, PDIA4, STAU1, TMED4, MGST1, RCN1, and SHC1. The validation analysis showed that this model had a good diagnostic performance. KCNE1 expression was positively correlated with M0 macrophages and negatively correlated with resting CD4+ memory T cells. Two subtypes (SubA and SubB) were identified, and these two subtypes showed different ER score. The SubB group showed higher immune infiltration than the SubA group. Finally, NCF4, NCF2, CSF3R, and FPR2 were identified as hub genes associated with ERS molecular subtypes. Conclusion Our current study provides novel diagnostic biomarkers for MDD from an ERS perspective, and these findings further facilitate the use of precision medicine in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Huang
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Li
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianying Shen
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Candong Li
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- LI Candong Qihuang Scholar Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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10
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Valdrighi N, Blom AB, Vago JP, van Beuningen HM, Vitters EL, Helsen MM, Walgreen B, Arntz OJ, Koenders MI, van der Kraan PM, Blaney Davidson EN, van de Loo FAJ. Innate Immunity and Sex: Distinct Inflammatory Profiles Associated with Murine Pain in Acute Synovitis. Cells 2023; 12:1913. [PMID: 37508577 PMCID: PMC10378550 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint pain severity in arthritic diseases differs between sexes and is often more pronounced in women. This disparity is thought to stem from biological mechanisms, particularly innate immunity, yet the understanding of sex-specific differences in arthritic pain remains incomplete. This study aims to investigate these disparities using an innate immunity-driven inflammation model induced by intra-articular injections of Streptococcus Cell Wall fragments to mimic both acute and pre-sensitized joint conditions. Nociceptive behavior was evaluated via gait analysis and static weight-bearing, and inflammation was evaluated via joint histology and the synovial gene expression involved in immune response. Although acute inflammation and pain severity were comparable between sexes, distinct associations between synovial inflammatory gene expression and static nociceptive behavior emerged. These associations delineated sex-specific relationships with pain, highlighting differential gene interactions (Il6 versus Cybb on day 1 and Cyba/Gas6 versus Nos2 on day 8) between sexes. In conclusion, our study found that, despite similar pain severity between sexes, the association of inflammatory synovial genes revealed sex-specific differences in the molecular inflammatory mechanisms underlying pain. These findings suggest a path towards more personalized treatment strategies for pain management in arthritis and other inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fons A. J. van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.V.); (A.B.B.); (J.P.V.); (H.M.v.B.); (E.L.V.); (M.M.H.); (B.W.); (O.J.A.); (M.I.K.); (P.M.v.d.K.); (E.N.B.D.)
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11
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Marangu-Boore D, Kambuni F, Onyinkwa M, Ramprakash S, C.P. R, Eley B, Bhattad S. Genetically confirmed chronic granulomatous disease in a Kenyan child: case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172848. [PMID: 37275907 PMCID: PMC10233338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report the first case of genetically confirmed chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in a Kenyan child. Clinical findings A 7-month-old male infant, the only child of non-consanguineous parents, presented with cough, fever, fast breathing, oral thrush, and axillary lymphadenopathy ipsilateral to the Calmette-Guérin bacillus scar. He had been hospitalized 5 weeks prior for severe pneumonia. Plain chest radiography showed bilateral patchy airspace opacification; chest computed tomography revealed multiple large lung nodules and left axillary lymphadenopathy. HIV ELISA was negative; tuberculin skin test was positive; lymph node biopsy macroscopically revealed caseous granulomas seen on histology; isoniazid- and rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolate was detected on the Hain test. First-line anti-tuberculous drugs were added to his empiric treatment comprising piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, cotrimoxazole, and fluconazole. He was discharged after 10 days based on clinical resolution. Diagnoses interventions and outcome An inborn error of immunity (IEI) was considered given the recurrent fevers and atypical lung nodules. Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous pathogenic variant on CYBB in keeping with X-linked CGD. The child's fevers recurred 2 weeks post-discharge but completely resolved on prophylactic itraconazole and cotrimoxazole. He underwent a successful haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at an experienced center in India with his father as the donor and is currently doing well on post-transplant follow-up. Conclusion Genetic testing is relatively accessible and cost-effective for the diagnosis of IEI in low-and-middle-income countries. Expert multi-disciplinary collaboration is key for successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marangu-Boore
- Paediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fred Kambuni
- Paediatric Surgery Division, The Nairobi Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Onyinkwa
- Radiology Department, The Nairobi Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stalin Ramprakash
- Pediatric Hemat-oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), Department of Pediatrics, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghuram C.P.
- Pediatric Hemat-oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), Department of Pediatrics, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Brian Eley
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sagar Bhattad
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Kunst C, Schmid S, Michalski M, Tümen D, Buttenschön J, Müller M, Gülow K. The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051388. [PMID: 37239059 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of the entire organism. The gut microbiota generates a variety of metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as the regulation of the immune system. In the gut, bacteria are in direct contact with the host. The major challenge here is to prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand and on the other hand to ensure that the immune system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here the REDOX equilibrium is of utmost importance. This REDOX equilibrium is controlled by the microbiota either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for a stable REDOX balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced REDOX status directly affects the immune system by disrupting intracellular signaling and promoting inflammatory responses. Here we (i) focus on the most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (ii) define the transition from a balanced REDOX state to oxidative stress. Further, we (iii) describe the role of ROS in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Thereafter, we (iv) examine the influence of microbiota on REDOX homeostasis and how shifts in pro- and anti-oxidative cellular conditions can suppress or promote immune responses or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kunst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marlen Michalski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Deniz Tümen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jonas Buttenschön
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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