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Guo Y, Xu S, Pan X, Xin W, Cao W, Ma W, Li L, Shen Q, Li Z. Psoralen protects neurons and alleviates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization via inhibition of the Fyn-PKCδ pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112493. [PMID: 38897126 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is closely associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Psoralen has potential for the treatment of many diseases, however, the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of psoralen have been unclear. This study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of psoralen and its regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarization. The LPS-induced mice model was used to test anti-neuroinflammatory effects, regulatory effects on microglia polarization, and neuroprotective effects of psoralen in vivo. The LPS-induced BV2 model was used to test the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the regulatory effects and mechanisms on microglial M1/M2 polarization of psoralen in vitro. PC12 cell model induced by conditioned medium of BV2 cells was used to validate the protective effects of psoralen against neuroinflammation-induced neuronal damage. These results showed that psoralen inhibited the expression of iNOS, CD86, and TNF-α, and increased the expression of Arg-1, CD206, and IL-10. These results indicated that psoralen inhibited the M1 microglial phenotype and promoted the M2 microglial phenotype. Further studies showed that psoralen inhibited the phosphorylation of Fyn and PKCδ, thereby inhibiting activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways and suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia. Furthermore, psoralen reduced oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and apoptosis via inhibition of neuroinflammation. For the first time, this study showed that psoralen protected neurons and alleviated neuroinflammation by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization, which may be mediated by inhibition of the Fyn-PKCδ pathway. Thus, psoralen may be a potential agent in the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sai Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Zhang W, Liu M, Wu D, Hao Y, Cong B, Wang L, Wang Y, Gao M, Xu Y, Wu Y. PSO/SDF-1 composite hydrogel promotes osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and bone regeneration in periodontitis rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32686. [PMID: 38961957 PMCID: PMC11220005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues, and the promotion of bone tissue regeneration is the key to curing periodontitis. Psoralen is the main component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn, and has multiple biological effects, including anti-osteoporosis and osteogenesis. We constructed a novel hydrogel loaded with psoralen (PSO) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) for direct endogenous cell homing. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of PSO/SDF-1 on periodontal bone regeneration in patients with periodontitis. The results of CCK8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and Alizarin Red staining showed that PSO/SDF-1 combination treatment promoted cell proliferation, chemotaxis ability, and ALP activity of PDLSCs. qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dwarf-associated transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN) gene were upregulated. Rat periodontal models were established to observe the effect of local application of the composite hydrogel on bone regeneration. These results proved that the PSO/SDF-1 combination treatment significantly promoted new bone formation. The immunohistochemical (IHC) results confirmed the elevated expression of ALP, RUNX2, and OCN osteogenic genes. PSO/SDF-1 composite hydrogel can synergistically regulate the biological function and promote periodontal bone formation. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Minghong Liu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Beibei Cong
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Meihua Gao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yingtao Wu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
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Yang M, Du D, Hao Y, Meng Z, Zhang H, Liu Y. Preparation of an injectable zinc-containing hydrogel with double dynamic bond and its potential application in the treatment of periodontitis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19312-19321. [PMID: 38887645 PMCID: PMC11181151 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00546e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue regeneration continues to face significant clinical challenges. Periodontitis leads to alveolar bone resorption and even tooth loss due to persistent microbial infection and persistent inflammatory response. As a promising topical drug delivery system, the application of hydrogels in the controlled release of periodontal bioactive drugs has aroused great interest. Therefore, the design and preparation of an injectable hydrogel with self-repairing properties for periodontitis treatment is still in great demand. In this study, polysaccharide-based self-healing hydrogels with antimicrobial osteogenic properties were developed. Zinc ions are introduced into a dynamic cross-linking network formed by dynamic Schiff bases between carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized hyaluronic acid via coordination bonds. The OC-Zn hydrogels exhibited good tissue adhesion, good fatigue resistance, excellent self-healing ability, low cytotoxicity, good broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and osteogenic activity. Therefore, the designed hydrogels allow the development of drug delivery systems as a potential treatment for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 Shandong China
| | - Dejiang Du
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 Shandong China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 Shandong China
| | - Zhaojian Meng
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 Shandong China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 Shandong China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 Shandong China
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosome-loaded Emodin mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against cariogenic bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:311. [PMID: 38454402 PMCID: PMC10919019 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cell-derived exosome-loaded Emodin (Emo@PDL-Exo) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus as the cariogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS After isolating and characterizing PDL-Exo, the study proceeded to prepare and verify the presence of Emo@PDL-Exo. The antimicrobial effect, anti-biofilm activity, and anti-metabolic potency of Emo, PDL-Exo, and Emo@PDL-Exo were then evaluated with and without irradiation of blue laser at a wavelength of 405 ± 10 nm with an output intensity of 150 mW/cm2 for a duration of 60 s. In addition, the study assessed the binding affinity of Emodin with GtfB and SlpA proteins using in silico molecular docking. Eventually, the study examined the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in the gene expression levels of gelE and sprE. RESULTS The study found that using Emo@PDL-Exo-mediated aPDT resulted in a significant decrease in L. acidophilus and S. mutans by 4.90 ± 0.36 and 5.07 log10 CFU/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). The study found that using Emo@PDL-Exo for aPDT significantly reduced L. acidophilus and S. mutans biofilms by 44.7% and 50.4%, respectively, compared to untreated biofilms in the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the metabolic activity of L. acidophilus and S. mutans decreased by 58.3% and 71.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The molecular docking analysis showed strong binding affinities of Emodin with SlpA and GtfB proteins, with docking scores of -7.4 and -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The study also found that the aPDT using Emo@PDL-Exo group resulted in the most significant reduction in gene expression of slpA and gtfB, with a decrease of 4.2- and 5.6-folds, respectively, compared to the control group (P < 0.05), likely due to the increased generation of endogenous ROS. DISCUSSION The study showed that aPDT using Emo@PDL-Exo can effectively reduce the cell viability, biofilm activity, and metabolic potency of S. mutans and L. acidophilus. aPDT also significantly reduced the expression levels of gtfB and slpA mRNA due to the increased endogenous ROS generation. The findings suggest that Emo@PDL-Exo-mediated aPDT could be a promising antimicrobial approach against cariogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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Ustianowska K, Ustianowski Ł, Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Szostak J, Murawka M, Szostak B, Pawlik A. The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:117. [PMID: 38247810 PMCID: PMC10814055 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as well as tooth and alveolar bone loss. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, gene expression is modulated by various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or the activity of non-coding RNA. These processes can also be induced by PD-associated pathogens. In this review, we try to summarize the genetic processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of these mechanisms in diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Importantly, novel treatment methods that could promote tissue regeneration are greatly needed in PD. In this paper, we also demonstrate current evidence on the potential use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as the impact of PD-associated bacteria and stem cells in these processes, may enhance future research and ultimately improve long-term treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Martyna Murawka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
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